Zhu Yihai

Zhu Yihai (Chinese: 朱以海; pinyin: Zhū Yǐhǎi; 1618–1662), courtesy name Juchuan (巨川), art name Hengshan (恆山) and Changshizi (常石子), was a regent of the Southern Ming from 1645 to 1653.

Zhu Yihai
朱以海
Regent of the Southern Ming
Tenure19 August 1645 – 29 March 1653
Prince of Lu (魯王)
Tenure1644–1662
PredecessorZhu Yipai, Prince An
SuccessorZhu Honghuan
Born(1618-07-06)6 July 1618
Ziyang, Shandong (present-day Yanzhou)
Died23 December 1662(1662-12-23) (aged 44)
Tong'an, Fujian (present-day Kinmen)
Burial
Prince of Lu's Tomb
Issue
  • Hereditary Prince Zhu Hongxia
  • Hereditary Prince Zhu Hongzhan
  • Zhu Hongbing
  • Zhu Hongsen
  • Zhu Honggui
  • Zhu Hongdong
  • Zhu Hongju
  • Zhu Honghuan, Prince of Lu
  • First daughter
  • Princess of Lu
  • Third daughter
Names
Zhu Yihai
(朱以海)
Era name and dates
Jianguo Lu[1] (監國魯): 16 February 1646 – 29 March 1653
Temple name
None[2]
HouseHouse of Zhu
FatherZhu Shouyong, Prince Su of Lu
MotherLady Wang
In this Chinese name, the family name is Zhu.

Early life

Zhu Yihai was born in 1618, during the 46th year of the reign of the Wanli Emperor of the Ming dynasty. A son of Zhu Shouyong, he was a ninth-generation descendant (the same generation as the Taichang Emperor) of Zhu Tan, Prince Huang of Lu, tenth son of the Hongwu Emperor.

The mansion of the Prince of Lu was located at Yanzhou. The Qing forces had attacked Yanzhou and destroyed the mansion. At that time, the peerage of Prince of Lu was succeeded by Zhu Yihai's eldest brother, Zhu Yipai. After the Qing invaded, Zhu Yipai committed suicide along with two of his brothers, Zhu Yixing (朱以洐) and Zhu Yijiang (朱以江).

After his brother's suicide, Zhu Yihai was enfeoffed as the 11th Prince of Lu by the Chongzhen Emperor. After four days he succeeded his peerage, Li Zicheng attacked Beijing and he fled to southern China.

Reign

The Prince of Lu was part of the resistance against the invading Qing dynasty forces. His primary consort, Lady Chen, committed suicide during the impending fall of the Ming. The location of her suicide can still be found on the island of Zhoushan.

In 1651 he fled to the island of Kinmen, which in 1663 was taken over by the invading force.[3] His grave was discovered on the island in 1959, which disproved the theory advanced by the 18th-century History of Ming that he was killed by Koxinga. His eldest son, Zhu Honghuan (朱弘桓), married the fourth daughter of Koxinga and went to live in the Kingdom of Tungning Taiwan under the protection of Zheng Jing, his brother-in-law and worked as a farmer.[4][5] Another Ming prince who accompanied Koxinga to Taiwan was Zhu Shugui, Prince of Ningjing.

After the surrender of the Kingdom of Tungning, the Qing sent the 17 Ming princes still living on Taiwan back to mainland China where they spent the rest of their lives.[6] Including Zhu Honghuan.

References
  1. Not an actual era name, but used in place of an era name and served a similar function; Jianguo literally means "regency".
  2. "哪些虚假庙号谥号被新闻媒体、杂志书籍当作真实的写入报道或资料中？ – 知乎". www.zhihu.com. Retrieved 11 December 2017.
  3. Frederic Wakeman Jr. (1986). Great Enterprise: The Manchu Reconstruction of the Imperial Order in Seventeenth-century China. University of California Press. p. 114. ISBN 0-520-04804-0. Retrieved 2011-06-06.
  4. Brief Biographies of Historical Figures in Taiwan: From the Ming and Qing to the Japanese Occupation (臺灣歷史人物小傳—明清暨日據時期). National Library of Taiwan. December 2, 2003. p. 102.
  5. "Historic Documents on Taiwan (臺灣文獻)". 41 (3 & 4). 1990. Retrieved 14 February 2012. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  6. Manthorpe 2008, p. 108.
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