William Hathorne

William Hathorne (c. 1606–1681) was a widely influential man in early New England. He arrived on the ship Arbella.[1][2]

William Hathorne
Member of the Council of Assistants
In office
1662–1679
Speaker of the General Court
In office
1660–1661
Preceded byThomas Savage
Succeeded byThomas Clarke
In office
1657–1657
Preceded byRichard Russell
Succeeded byRichard Russell
In office
1650–1650
Preceded byDaniel Denison
Succeeded byDaniel Gookin
In office
1648–1648
Preceded byJoseph Hills
Succeeded byRichard Russell
In office
1646–1646
Preceded byGeorge Cooke
Succeeded byRobert Bridges
In office
1644–1645
Preceded byNone (office established)
Succeeded byGeorge Cooke
Member of the General Court
for Salem
In office
1634–1661
Personal details
Bornc. 1606
Bray, Berkshire, Kingdom of England
Died10 June 1681 (1681-06-11) (aged 70-79)
Salem, Massachusetts Bay Colony, English Colonial America
Spouse(s)Anne Smith
RelationsNathaniel Hawthorne (great-great-great grandson)
Children7
OccupationAssistant Governor, magistrate, merchant

Hathorne is also the first American ancestor of the distinguished author Nathaniel Hawthorne (who added the "w" to the spelling of his last name).

Early life

Hathorne was the son of a plain English yeoman who came to America in 1630 and rose to prominence through his own talent and efforts.

Life in Massachusetts

He was a prosperous merchant in Salem, Massachusetts, was admitted as a freeman in 1634, served as a deputy representing Salem for many terms and when the House of Deputies elected a speaker for the first time, he was the one chosen. He served in that capacity for several years thereafter and was Salem's commanding character of the time period.[1][3][4][5]

Hathorne was a zealous advocate of the personal rights of freemen against royal emissaries and agents.

Hathorne served as a magistrate on the highest court, and received a grant of 640 acres for service to the state. He was elected assistant to the governor in 1662 and served until 1679. He was appointed as captain of the Salem military company on May 1, 1646, and led troops to victory in King Philip's War. He was commissioned as a major in 1656.[6][5]

Personal life

Later, Hathorne married a certain Anne Smith and had at least two children, one of whom, Elizabeth (b. 22 July 1649), married Israel Porter (1643-1706) and was the grandmother of Israel Putnam.

Influence on Nathaniel Hawthorne

William Hathorne was a reflection of the Puritan society in which he lived. Puritans came to Massachusetts to obtain religious freedom for themselves, but had no particular interest in becoming a haven for other faiths. The laws were harsh, with punishments that included fines, deprivation of property, banishment or imprisonment. For example, Hathorne had Quakers whipped in the streets of Salem.

Hathorne's son, Judge John Hathorne, is also a symbol of this period. People believed that witches were real. There was no scientific explanation for individuals' bizarre behavior, so witchcraft appeared to be the logical explanation for people's fits (which experts now suspect may have been the result of ergotism). Nothing caused more fear in the Puritan community than people who appeared to be possessed by the devil. Witchcraft was a major felony. Judge Hathorne is the best known of the witch trial judges, and he became known as the "Hanging Judge" for sentencing witches to death.[7][8]

Author Nathaniel Hawthorne, who descended from these men, used his ancestors as inspiration for some of his most famous works. He was much interested in colonial history, good vs. evil, and the psychology of Puritan society. His classic novels The Scarlet Letter and The House of the Seven Gables, and the short story "Young Goodman Brown" reflect his studies.[9]

  • The House of the Seven Gables
  • Gallows Hill Park. Popular legend places the execution of the Salem Witches near this site.
  • Salem Common in 2006
  • The Pickman House, c. 1664, located on Charter Street and believed to be Salem's oldest surviving building

References
  1. Anderson, Robert, The Great Migration Begins: Immigrants to New England, 1620-1633, Entry for William Hathorne, New England Historic Genealogical Society, Boston, MA, 1999.
  2. Waters, Henry F., Genealogical Gleanings in England, p. 45, Vol. I, New-England Historic Genealogical Society, Boston, MA, 1901.
  3. Soldiers in King Philip's War, Chapt. 22 (http://www.usgennet.org/usa/topic/newengland/philip/21-end/ch22.html)
  4. Hurd, Duane Hamilton. History of Essex County, Massachusetts, p. xvii, vol. I, J. W. Lewis & Co., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1888.
  5. Jameson, J. Franklin, ed. Johnson's Wonder-Working Providence, 1628-1651, pp. 142, 143, 231, Barnes & Noble, Inc., New York, New York, 1910.
  6. Crane, Ellery Bicknell, ed., Historic Homes and Institutions and Genealogical and Personal Memiors of Worcester County, Massachusetts, pp. 376-377, Vol. I, The Lewis Publishing Company, New York, NY, 1907.
  7. Starkey, Marion, The Devil in Massachusetts, Knopf, Doubleday, 1969.
  8. Brief Biography of John Hathorne, Hawthorne in Salem Web site (http://www.hawthorneinsalem.org/Life&Times/Family/Paternal/Introduction.html#JohnHathorne).
  9. Hawthorne, Manning, Biography of Nathaniel Hawthorne in Readers' Encyclopedia of American Literature.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.