Vitebsk electoral district (Russian Constituent Assembly election, 1917)

The Vitebsk electoral district (Russian: Витебский избирательный округ) was a constituency created for the 1917 Russian Constituent Assembly election. The electoral district covered the Vitebsk Governorate.[3] White Russian separatism was a negligible force in the electoral district.[4]

Vitebsk
Former Civilian Constituency
for the All-Russian Constituent Assembly
Former constituency
Created1917
Abolished1918
Number of members9
Number of Uyezd Electoral Commissions11
Number of Urban Electoral Commissions2
Number of Parishes195
Sources:[1][2]

On May 9–10, 1917 the 1st Latgallian Latvian Congress was held, which demanded the separation of Latgale from the Vitebsk governorate and integration with Latvia.[5] In the Latgale region, which had an ethnic Latvian population and would later get annexed to independent Latvia, the Bolsheviks received over 50% of the votes cast.[6] Nevertheless, Latgale had a notably weaker Bolshevik vote than neighbouring Livonia (with 72% Bolshevik vote) and the Latvian Rifles regiment (96% Bolshevik vote), possibly linked to opposition to Bolshevik policies from the Catholic Church and Jewish business sectors.[7] The socio-economic conditions were different in Latgale than other Latvian regions, having a less educated and more religiously oriented population.[8]

Candidatures

List 1 - Socialist-Revolutionary Party
Andrius Bulota, former State Duma deputy, was the third candidate on the list of the Socialist-Revolutionary Party
Candidates of List 1
1. Alexander Gizetti Petrograd, writer. Gizetti was nominated by the Central Committee of the Socialist-Revolutionary Party;
2. Maxim Boldysh Bolshoye Pokotino village, Nikolaev Volost, Polotsky Uyezd, Peasant
3. Andrius Bulota Petrograd, former member of the 2nd and 3rd State Dumas, member of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of the Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies
4. Yuda Novakovsky Petrograd, member of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of the Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies
5. Iosif Ruskul Skinchi village, Mikhailovsky Volost, Lutsinsky Uyezd, Peasant
6. Mikhail Tsetlin Chairman of the Vitebsk Committee of the Socialist-Revolutionary Party
7. Daniil Vasilevsky Representing the peasantry of Polotsky Uyezd. Popular educator. Chairman of Polotsky Uyezd Zemstvo Council.
8. Alexander Prokofiev Vitebsk. Popular educator. Representing the peasants of the Gorodoksky Uyezd, member of the Vitebsk Provincial Executive committee of the Soviet of Peasants Deputies
9. Nerses Aslanov Vitebsk. Deputy Chairman of the Vitebsk Provincial Soviet of Peasants Deputies
10. Grigory Katzenelenbogen Rezhitsa. Chairman of the Rezhitsa Soviet of Workers, Soldiers and Peasants Deputies
11. Mark Lyakhovsky Zaprudye village, Staroselskaya Volost, Vitebsky Uyezd. Peasant
12. Vasily Moiseev Vitebsk. Chairman of the Provincial Soviet of Peasants Deputies

[9]

List 2 - Trudovik Popular-Socialist Party
Alexander Zarudny, who had served as Minister of Justice in the Russian Provisional Government, headed the Trudovik list
Candidates of List 2
1. Alexander Zarudny
2. Leon Bramson
3. Vladimir Karpov
4. Mikhail Bogdanov
5. Nikolai Kislyakov
6. Alexander Likhnitsky
7. Alexander Kyusse-Tyuz
8. Alexander Shestov
9. Evgeny Alonov
10. Vasily Tretyakov
11. Mikhail Demidov
12. Vasily Stolpovsky
13. Pavel Solovyov

[9]

List 3 - Kadets
Maxim Vinaver headed the Kadet list
Candidates of List 3
1. Maxim Vinaver
2. Vasily Stepanov
3. Emmanuil Dubossarsky
4. Olga Nechaeva
5. Parfeniy Vasiliev
6. Evgeny Senkovsky
7. Semyon Burkov
8. Alexey Luzgin
9. Ivan Abmorshev

[9]

List 4 - Latgale Socialist Party of Working People
Candidates of List 4
1. Francis Kemps
2. Aloizijs Skruls
3. Zenons Laizāns
4. Francs Vilcāns

[9]

List 5 - Bolsheviks
Lev Kamenev headed the Bolshevik list
Felix Dzerzhinsky occupied the second slot on the Bolshevik list
Candidates of List 5
1. Lev Kamenev Petrograd
2. Felix Dzerzhinsky Petrograd
3. Sarkis Sarkisyants Vitebsk
4. Stefan Chesheyko-Sokhatsky Dvinsk
5. Boris Pinson Vitebsk
6. Zalman Ryvkin Velizh
7. Vilis Chunchin Vitebsk
8. Zinovy Filippovsky Kolyshki, Vitebsky Uyezd
9. Naum Lagovier Velizh
10. Ivan Litvin Dvinsk
11. Ephraim Sklyansky 5th Army, 149th Black Sea Regiment
12. Nikolai Peskovsky Rezhitsa
13. Aleksei Badaev Petrograd

[9]

List 6 - Bloc of the Vitebsk Belorussian People's Union and the Orthodox Parishes of the Faith of the Polotsk Diocese
Candidates of List 6
1. Georgy Polonsky
2. Boris Byalynitsky-Birulya
3. Foma Litvinov
4. Mikhail Sokolov
5. Alexey Sukharev
6. Trofim Bavshuto
7. Fedor Grigorovich
8. Trofim Zaitsev
9. Andrei Starovoitov
10. Foma Podkhilko

[9]

List 7 - Jewish National Electoral Committee
Naphtali Friedman headed the list of the Jewish National Electoral Committee.
Candidates of List 7
1. Naphtali Friedman
2. Grigorii Bruk
3. Julius Brutzkus
4. Isaac Berger
5. Chaim Grinberg

[9][10]

List 8 - Vitebsk Provincial Union of Land Owners and Society of Old Believers of Vitebsk Governorate
Sergey Kotlyarevsky headed the joint list of Land Owners and Old Believers
Candidates of List 8
1. Sergey Kotlyarevsky
2. Gury Gusakov
3. Leonid Kopatsinsky
4. Andrey Kovalev
5. Andrey Janson
6. Varfolomey Saveliev
7. Khristian Bigge
8. Vatslav Kossov
9. Bronislav Mirsky

[9]

List 9 - Mensheviks and Bund
Akaki Chkhenkeli headed the Menshevik-Bund list
Candidates of List 9
1. Akaki Chkhenkeli
2. Raphael Abramovitch
3. Kuzma Gvozdev
4. Malka Frumkina-Wichman
5. Alexander Matskanov
6. Grigory Aronson
7. Vladimir Sivitsky
8. Alexander Matskov
9. Shmul Chizhevsky
10. Pomorov
11. Grigory Levin
12. Mikhail Podashevsky

[9]

List 10 - United Polish Organizations
Roman Catholic metropolitan archbishop Eduard von der Ropp headed the Polish list
Candidates of List 10
1. Eduard von der Ropp
2. Henry Dymsha
3. Stanisław Łopaciński
4. Konrad Nedzvetsky
5. Józef Czesnowicki
6. Vikenty Baliul
7. Adam Buynitsky
8. Stanisław Zdanowicz

[9]

List 11 - Socialists-Federalists and Peasants of Latgale
Candidates of List 11
1. Antons Skrinda
2. Zigfrīds Anna Meierovics
3. Antons Laizāns
4. Valeriya Seyl'
5. Aloīzijs Bojārs
6. Nikolay Manuilov
7. Pēteris Zalāns
8. Doroško Donāts
9. Eduards Kozlovskis
10. Antons Zvidrins
11. Viktors Gabranovs
12 . Daniels Gabruševs

[9]

Zigfrīds Anna Meierovics withdrew his candidature before the election, leaving 11 candidates on the list.[9]

List 12 - Lettish Democrats-Nationalists
Zigfrīds Anna Meierovics, later the Prime Minister of Latvia, was the second candidate of the Lettish Democrat-Nationalist list
Candidates of List 12
1. Jurijs Pabergs
2. Zigfrīds Anna Meierovics
3. Ivans Grišāns
4. Iosifs Kindzuls
5. Petrs Lazdans
6. Staņislavs Kambala
7. Donats Lačkajs-Lače

[9]

List 13-Peasants of Vitebsk Governorate
Candidates of List 13
1. Alexander Lobus
2. Nikolay Novikov
3. Boris Tyasto (withdrew his candidature - replaced by Ivan Zagulov)
4. Yakov Alekseev
5. Vladimir Puzynya
6. Semyon Gushchenko
7. Tit Kovalenok

[9]

List 14 - Citizens of the Bolets Volost, Gorodoksky Uyezd
Candidates of List 14
1. Ivan Kuzminsky

[9]

Kuzminsky was member of the Left Socialist-Revolutionaries, peasant from Potashenskaya Volost, Gorodoksky Uyezd.[9]

Results
Vitebsk
Party Vote % Seats
List 5 - Bolsheviks 287,101 51.22 6
List 1 - Socialist-Revolutionaries 150,279 26.81 3
List 11 - Socialist-Federalists and Peasants of Latgale 26,990 4.82
List 7 - Jewish National Electoral Committee 24,790 4.42
List 9 - Mensheviks-Bund 12,471 2.22
List 10 - United Polish Organizations 10,556 1.88
List 13 - Peasants of Vitebsk Governorate 9,752 1.74
List 6 - Vitebsk Belarusian People’s Union and
Orthodox Parishes of the Faith of the Polotsk Diocese		 9,019 1.61
List 3 - Kadets 8,132 1.45
List 8 - Landowners and Old Believers 6,098 1.09
List 12 - Lettish Democrats-Nationalists 5,881 1.05
List 4 - Latgallian Popular Committee and
Latgallian Socialist Party of Working People		 5,118 0.91
List 2 - Popular Socialists 3,599 0.64
List 14 - Citizens of Boletskii Volost of Gorodsky Uezd 752 0.13
Total: 560,538 9

[11][12][13]
Deputies Elected
Boldysh SR
Bulat SR
Gizetti SR
Ceshejko-Sochacki Bolshevik
Dzerzhinsky Bolshevik
Kamenev Bolshevik
Pinson Bolshevik
Rivkin Bolshevik
Sarkisyants Bolshevik

[14]

Vitebsk town

In Vitebsk town, the Bolsheviks got 11,875 votes (34.8%), the Jewish National Electoral Committee 5,772 votes (16.9%), the Menshevik-Bund list 3,822 votes (11.3%), the White Russian/Orthodox list 3,058 votes (8.9%), the SRs 3,053 votes (8.9%), the Kadets 2,365 votes (6.9%), the Polish list 2,169 votes (6.4%), the Popular Socialists 958 votes (2.9%), the Lettish Democrats-Nationalists 395 votes (1.1%), the Landowners/Old Believers list 375 votes (1.1%), the peasants' list 197 votes (0.5%), Latgallian Socialist-Federalists 68 votes (0.2%), Latgallian nationalists 20 votes (0.1%) and 12 votes for the Boletsky volost citizens' list.[13]

References
  1. И. С. Малчевский (1930). Всероссийское учредительное собрание. Гос изд-во. pp. 140–142.
  2. Б. Ф Додонов; Е. Д Гринько; О. В.. Лавинская (2004). Журналы заседаний Временного правительства: Сентябрь-октябрь 1917 года. РОССПЭН. pp. 206–208.
  3. Татьяна Евгеньевна Новицкая (1991). Учредительное собрание: Россия 1918 : стенограмма и другие документы. Недра. p. 13.
  4. Oliver Henry Radkey (1989). Russia goes to the polls: the election to the all-Russian Constituent Assembly, 1917. Cornell University Press. p. 21. ISBN 978-0-8014-2360-4.
  5. Aija Brasliņa; Latvijas Nacional̄ais mak̄slas muzejs (2008). Latvijai topot no de facto līdz de iure: māksla un laikmets. Latvijas Nacionālais mākslas muzejs. p. 216.
  6. Andrew Ezergailis; Gert von Pistohlkors (1982). Die baltischen Provinzen Russlands zwischen den Revolutionen von 1905 und 1917: Internationales Marburger Symposium zu Problemen der baltischen Sozial- und Kulturgeschichte. Böhlau. p. 258. ISBN 978-3-412-01582-4.
  7. Josifs S̆teimanis (April 2002). History of Latvian Jews. East European Monographs. pp. 54–55. ISBN 978-0-88033-493-8.
  8. Revue Canadienne D'études Slaves. Sir George Williams University. 1969. p. 646.
  9. Гродзенскі дзяржаўны універсітэт імя Я. Купалы (2008). Веснік Гродзенскага дзяржаўнага універсітэта імя Янкі Купалы: Гісторыя, філасофія, паліталогія, сацыялогія. Серыя 1, Issue 2. Універсітэта. pp. 17–18. OCLC 301239049.
  10. Simon Rabinovitch (1 October 2016). Jewish Rights, National Rites: Nationalism and Autonomy in Late Imperial and Revolutionary Russia. Stanford University Press. p. 237. ISBN 978-0-8047-9303-2.
  11. Oliver Henry Radkey (1989). Russia goes to the polls: the election to the all-Russian Constituent Assembly, 1917. Cornell University Press. pp. 148–160. ISBN 978-0-8014-2360-4.
  12. Leonard Mikhaĭlovich Gavrilov; Institut istorii (Akademii︠a︡ nauk SSSR) (1962). Borʹba za ustanovlenie i uprochenie sovetskoĭ vlasti: khronika sobytiĭ, 26 okti︠a︡bri︠a︡ 1917 g.-10 i︠a︡nvari︠a︡ 1918 g. Izd-vo Akademii nauk SSSR. p. 337.
  13. Л. М Спирин (1987). Россия 1917 год: из истории борьбы политических партий. Мысль. pp. 273–328.
  14. Лев Григорьевич Протасов (2008). Люди Учредительного собрания: портрет в интерьере эпохи. РОССПЭН. ISBN 978-5-8243-0972-0.
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