Vilnius Voivodeship
The Vilnius Voivodeship (Latin: Palatinatus Vilnensis, Lithuanian: Vilniaus vaivadija, Polish: województwo wileńskie, Belarusian: Віленскае ваяводства) was one of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania's voivodeships, which existed from the voivodeship's creation in 1413 to the Third Partition of Commonwealth in 1795.[1] This voivodeship was the largest and most politically and economically important in the Grand Duchy.[1]
| Vilnius Voivodeship | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Voivodeship of Grand Duchy of Lithuania (part of the federative Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth since 1569) | |||||||||
| 1413–1795 | |||||||||
 Vilnius Voivodeship in red. Voivodeship's borders did not change since the Union of Lublin. | |||||||||
| Capital | Vilnius | ||||||||
| Area | |||||||||
• | 44,200 km2 (17,100 sq mi) | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
| History | |||||||||
| 1413 | |||||||||
| 1795 | |||||||||
| Political subdivisions | counties (aka. pavietas, powiat): five | ||||||||
| |||||||||
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History
- Coat of arms and flag of the Vilnius Voivodeship
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Flag of Vilnius Voivodeship
The Voivodeship's coat of arms in 1555.png.webp)
As depicted in 1712_(2).jpg.webp)
As depicted in 1720.png.webp)
As depicted in 1875
1413-1566
The Vilnius Voivodeship was created instead of the Vilnius Viceroyalty during the Pact of Horodło in 1413.[1]
The core of the Vilnius Voivodeship was the Vilnius County, which was composed of the Vilnius Bailiwick , which was composed of the manors of Vilnius, Nemenčinė, Švenčionys, Dysna and other places, in addition to almost all of Lithuania on both side of Neris.[1] Also included was the Barysaw Viceroyalty, Śvir, the lands of the dukes Giedroyć and the counties of the so-called Lithuanian Rus', which included Maladzyechna, Gaina, Minsk, Barysaw, Rechytsa, Svislach (town) , Propoysk‑Chachersk.[1] In the Upper Dnieper, the Vilnius Voivodeship had half of the Horval, Liozna and Babruysk parishes, whose remaining part belonged to the Trakai Voivodeship.[1] From Vitebsk' lands, the Vilnius Voivodeship received Mahilioŭ, which belonged to the Grand Duchess of Lithuania, Kniážycy, Ciacieryn and Aboĺcy.[1] Moreover, the Principalities of Halshany, Kletsk, Navahrudak, Slutsk and Zaslawye were part of the Vilnius Voivodeship.[1] Navahrudak became a separate Voivodeship in 1507.[1]
The Vilnius Voivodeship was the location of many large estates.[1] These were centred on the following places and owned by those families: Goštautai owned Hieraniony, the Radziwiłłs had Nyasvizh and Dubingiai, Zaberezinsky had Zabiarezina, while the Astikai had Vyžuonos.[1]
1566-1795
In 1566, during the administrative and judicial reforms of 1564–66, Vilnius Voivodeship was divided into the counties of Vilna, Ashmyany, Braslaw, Lida (assigned from Trakai Voivodeship), Ukmergė.[1] Simultaneously, Vitebsk' lands, the Upper Dnieper, most of the Lithuanian Rus', the Principalities of Kletsk and Sluck were separated from the Vilnius Voivodeship.[1]
Aftermath
19th century
After the partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Vilnius Voivodeship was occupied by the Russian Empire.[1] Most of the territory became the Vilna Governorate. In 1843, its northern part was assigned to Kovno Governorate.
20th century
After World War I, the lands of the former Vilnius Voivodeship were fought over by the Lithuanian Army, Central Lithuania with its Army, the Polish Army, and the Red Army. During the Interwar, most of the former Voivodeship ended up under the Second Polish Republic while the rest was ruled by Lithuanians. According to the Soviet–Lithuanian Peace Treaty in 1920, most of the former voivodeship should have been part of Lithuania. After World War II, the occupying Soviet Union assigned most of the voivodeship's territory that was previously under Polish rule to the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic.
Geography and administrative division
Geographically the area was centered on the city of Vilnius, which had always been the capital of the entity and the seat of a voivode. However, the actual territory of the voivodeship varied over time. Together with the Trakai Voivodeship it was known as Lithuania propria. Until the partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth the voivodeship, also known as palatinate, was composed of five counties:
Voivodes
The Voivode of Vilnius was ranked as first in importance among the secular members of the Lithuanian Council of Lords.[1] In the voivode hierarchy of Poland-Lithuania, established by the Union of Lublin in 1569, the Voivode of Vilnius, who was also a senator of the Polish–Lithuanian Sejm, took the fourth place and the Castellan of Vilnius - the sixth place.[1]
References
Sources
- Gudavičius, Edvardas (2022). "Vilniaus vaivadija". Vle.lt (in Lithuanian). Archived from the original on 24 February 2022.
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