Treaty of Thapathali
The Treaty of Thapathali (Chinese: 藏尼條約) was a treaty signed between the Tibetan government of Ganden Phodrang and the Kingdom of Nepal in Thapathali Durbar in Kathmandu, the capital of Nepal, following the Nepalese–Tibetan War. In January 1856, a representative group of Tibet came to Kathmandu for discussion of the treaty. After a long discussion, the representative group ultimately signed in Thapathali a treaty on 24 March.
| Treaty of Thapathali(1856) | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Signed | 24 March 1856 (Chaitra 3, 1912 B.S.) |
| Location | Thapathali, Kathmandu, Nepal |
| Effective | 24 March 1856 |
Failure of first attempt
A meeting of delegation teams was called in Shikarjong but no decision was made. Nepali delegation team returned as they were to discuss with prime minister, Jung Bahadur Rana. In the meeting with Tibetan delegation, Jung Bahadur demanded one crore rupees for expenses of war and for returning the Tibetan land captured by Nepal. It was very hard for Tibetan delegation to make such a decision so Kaji Til Bikram was sent to Sikarjong along with the Tibetan in September. The ambassador of China replied with proud that he can give four lakhs rupees for war expenses and five lakhs rupees as penantly for the destruction of Nepalese troops in Lhasa. The ambassador also replied that the Tibet is a state of China and the Emperor gave it to Nuns only for religious purpose so Tibet was not subjected to give even one palm length of land to Nepal; if Nepal did not returned immediately from Tibet then Nepal must be ready to fight war with China. As Nepalese were not in support of this condition, the attempt of Treaty failed.
Treaty of Thapathali
In March of the sixth year of Xianfeng (1856), the two sides signed a peace treaty in Thapathali, Nepal. There are ten articles in the treaty:
(1) Tibet pays 10,000 rupees as a ransom to the Gurkhas annually.
(2) Gorkhas and Tibet have always respected the great emperor. There are many monasteries in Tibet, and many practitioners live alone and follow religious rules.
(3) Afterwards, for Gurkha merchants and citizens, Tibet does not collect merchant tax, road tax and other taxes.
(4) Tibet allows the Sikh soldiers captured before and the Gurkha soldiers, officials, servicemen, women, and artillery positions captured in the war to be returned to the Gurkhas; All items left behind by Tibetans in Long, Nyalam, Tsongkha, Blang, and Rongju areas were returned to Tibet.
(5) Gurkhas will subsequently send a senior official to be stationed in Lhasa, but not Newars.
(6) Gurkhas are allowed to open shops in Lhasa to sell and buy jewelry, clothing, food, and other various items at will.
(7) If there are disputes between Lhasa businessmen and citizens, Gurkha officials are not allowed to interrogate them; if there are disputes between Gurkha merchants and residents in Lhasa or Kathmandu Muslims, they are not allowed to be interrogated by Tibetan officials; if there are disputes between Tibetan people and Gurkha people , The officials of the two sides will be interrogated together, the Tibetan people will be fined, and the Tibetan officials will be fined, and the Gurkha businessmen and Muslims will be fined and returned to the Gurkha officials.
(8) If the Gurkhas fled to Tibet for murder, Tibet handed them over and sent them to Gurkha; Tibetans fled to Gurkha because of murder, and the Gurkhas handed them over and sent to Tibet.
(9) Tibetan officials should investigate the property of the Gurkha merchants and citizens who robbed them and ordered them to be returned to their original owners. If the criminal cannot return the original item, the Gurkha officials should make him make a promise and pay him back within a time limit.
(10) After the treaty has been concluded, neither party shall retaliate against the family property of the Tibetans who are attached to the Gurkhas or the family property of the people who are attached to the Gorkhas of Tibet.