List of massacres in the Philippines
This is a list of massacres that have taken place in the Philippines.
List
Name | Date | Location | Deaths | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Chinese Massacre of 1603 | 1603 | Manila, Captaincy General of the Philippines | 15,000–25,000[1] | Fearing an uprising by the large Chinese community in the Philippines, the Spanish colonists carried out a massacre, largely in the Manila area, in October 1603.[2] |
Chinese Massacre of 1639 | 1639 | Luzon, Captaincy General of the Philippines | 17,000–22,000[1] | The Spanish and their Filipino allies carried out a large-scale massacre, in which 17,000 to 22,000 Chinese rebels died. |
Chinese Massacre of 1662 | 1662 | Manila, Captaincy General of the Philippines | Several thousand[1] | |
Cholera massacre | October 9, 1820 | Manila | 39 | Based on the eyewitnesses' accounts, a deadly cholera epidemic led to a massacre, wherein a mob of about 3000 men killed Europeans, mostly Spanish, and Chinese nationals.[3][4] |
Balangiga massacre | September 28, 1901 | Balangiga, Eastern Samar | 48[5][6](American soldiers) | A mess area, where soldiers are eating breakfast, was attacked by hundreds of residents led by Valeriano Abanador. With 22 injuries, it was the U.S. Army's "worst defeat" since a battle in 1876.[10][11]
Many Filipino historians argue that the true "Balangiga massacre" was the subsequent American retaliation,[12] which resulted in an unclear number of deaths. Although the original American report claimed that only 39 people were killed,[13] estimates by actual historians range from around 2,000[7] to roughly 50,000.[8][9] |
Moro Crater massacre (Battle of Bud Dajo) | March 10, 1906 | Jolo Island | 600
(figures varied) |
Battle lasted for 4 days. Only seven were captured including three women and four children. While eighteen men escaped from the mountain.[14][15][16] |
Pantingan River massacre
(War crime) |
April 12, 1942 | Bataan | 350–400
(all soldiers) |
Victims were killed in a mass execution by the Imperial Japanese Army while on their way from Bagac to Limay.[17] |
Shinyō Maru massacre | September 7, 1944 | off Mindanao, Sulu Sea | 668 | Occurred in the Pacific theater of World War II. In an attack on a Japanese convoy by the American submarine USS Paddle, 668 Allied prisoners of war were massacred by the Japanese or killed when their ship, the SS Shinyō Maru was sunk. Only 82 Americans survived the ordeal and were later rescued.[18] |
Palawan massacre
(War crime) |
December 14, 1944 | Palawan | 138
(all Americans) |
Japanese officers and men, fearing an American landing, herded 150 Allied prisoners of war into air raid shelters and foxholes wherein most of them were burned alive; those who escaped were shot or bayoneted. The accused were later ordered to be arrested and tried.[19] Only few survived. |
Mangkaeng massacre | January 23, 1945 | Brgy. Guising Norte, Naguilian, La Union | 400
(all civilians) |
Japanese forces fired at the victims. Documentation of the incident was started since 2016.[20] |
Massacre of Squadron 77 | February 1945 | Malolos, Bulacan | 109
(Hukbalahap guerrillas) |
Squadron 77 was returning home from Pampanga and was surrounded by American and Filipino soldiers, disarmed and brought before USAFFE Col Adonias Maclang, who ordered them shot and buried in a mass grave. Maclang was later appointed mayor of Malolos by US CIC officers who approved the executions.[21] |
Manila massacre
(War crime) |
February to March 1945 | Various places in Manila. | At least 100,000 | Series of massacres were committed by the Imperial Japanese Army during the Second World War's Battle of Manila (1945).[22] |
Maliwalu massacre | April 7, 1950 | Maliwalu, Bacolor, Pampanga | 21
(all farmers) |
Occurred on Good Friday, victims were executed allegedly as "revenge" for the death of a military captain said to be a leader of the private army working for Pampanga Gov. Jose Lingad, and was reportedly killed by Hukbalahap members in the same place. This caused Lingad to lose his reelection bid in 1951.[23][24] |
Maragondon massacre | September 1952 | Maragondon, Cavite | 4
(Municipal mayor, police chief, 2 policemen) |
Allegedly on the orders of a Sen. Montano, from the victim's rival political party, Leonardo Manecio (Nardong Putik), his alleged hired killer, and his henchmen kidnapped town mayor Severino Rillo and stabbed to death along with the town chief of police and his officers.[25][26][27][28]
The involved, the senator and his men including Manecio, the vice mayor and two councilors of the town, were accused and charged of the killing. Manecio was later convicted, but the senator was acquitted.[25][29] |
RCA Building incident | August 26, 1963 | RCA Bldg., Canonigo St., Paco, Manila | 5
(security guards of the RCA Bldg.) |
Victims were killed by a gang using a fireman's axe; another guard and a carpenter survived. Suspects then stole a huge amount of money. It was found to be an inside job which involves 4 employees, with another guard Apolonio Adriano as the killer; they were convicted and sentenced to death on 1966.[30] |
Culatingan massacre | June 13, 1966 | Culatingan, Concepcion, Tarlac | 5
(all farmers) |
Three Philippine Constabulary (PC) agents shot 7 farmers; 2 of them survived. Authorities said that they were Hukbalahap members engaged in battle with them, but the town vice mayor, as well as the survivors, contradicted this claim.[23][31] Then Tarlac Gov. Benigno Aquino Jr., actively involved in the investigation, blamed the PC for the murders, marking the first confrontations with Pres. Marcos.[32] |
Lapiang Malaya massacre
(Bloody Sunday) |
May 21, 1967 | Taft Avenue, Pasay; near the border with Manila | 33
(32 were farmers from Southern Luzon) |
Bolo-wielding members of Lapiang Malaya (Freedom Movement) marched to Malacañang and conducted a rally, but were massacred as confronted by the police armed with rifles; 358 more were arrested and taken to Camp Crame in Quezon City.[31][33][34] |
Jabidah massacre | March 18, 1968 | Corregidor Island | 11
(figures varied: claims from a sole survivor, student activists, CMFR & MNLF) |
Recounted by a survivor in interviews on 2008 and 2009, Muslim youth trained for "Operation Merdeka" were allegedly shot by their training officers.[35][36][37] |
Tarlac incident | October 8, 1969 | Between Capas, Tarlac, and Camp O’Donnell, Pampanga. | 10
(civilian security guards of the US Naval radio station, driver) |
Victims were shot while on their transport vehicle.[38] |
Manili massacre | June 19, 1971 | Brgy. Manili, Carmen, North Cotabato | Unknown
(figures varied; all civilians) |
Maguindanaoans were killed by soldiers inside a mosque.[39][40][41] |
Tacub massacre | October 24, 1971 | Magsaysay, Lanao del Norte | Unknown | [42] |
Massacre in Zamboanga City | September 5, 1974 | Zamboanga City | 28 | Five raiders described as Christians, armed with bolo knives and automatic rifles, raided an upland settlement and killed Muslims.[43] |
Malisbong (Palimbang) massacre | September 24, 1974 | Brgy. Malisbong, Palimbang, Sultan Kudarat | Unknown
(figures varied; all civilians) |
Government forces burned the entire village with 300 houses, Moro men were shot inside Tacbil mosque, women and children were arrested and detained, some of them experienced "torture." Victims were recognized by the government in 2014.[14][35][39][40][44][45][46] |
Massacre in Wao | August 8, 1975 | Wao, Lanao del Sur | 32 | Muslim rebels ambushed a truck carrying 34 civilians, killed one, tied the rest together and took them to a village in Bukidnon, where they were gunned down. Two survived.[47] |
Massacre in Bingcul village | 1977 | Bingcul village, somewhere in Mindanao | 42 | Government militiamen massacred Muslim villagers and burned down their homes. Four survived.[48] |
Tictapul incident | 1977 | Bo. Tictapul, Zamboanga City | 60-Several Hundred[49][50]
(all civilians) |
A local Catholic priest who works in the Tictapul area stated the army had burned the town after giving residents a few hours to move out. He said 60 to 600 people had probably been killed and only a mosque and a school are left standing. Laisa Masuhud Alamia, a survivor, claimed 400 were killed, including several Christian families.[35][51] |
Patikul massacre | October 10, 1977 | Patikul, Sulu, Mindanao, Philippines | 35 | 35 unarmed officers, including Brig. Gen. Teodulfo Bautista, commanding general of the 1st Infantry "Tabak" Division of the Philippine Army, were tricked into attending a "peace dialogue" with a group of MNLF rebels led by Usman Sali in Patikul, Sulu. They were ambushed and killed. |
Buluan incident | July 16, 1978 | Buluan, Maguindanao | 9
(all civilians) |
Soldiers shot some 15 farmers working in a field.[40] |
Massacre in Bongao Island | April 1980 | Bongao Island, Bongao, Tawi-Tawi | 29 | Philippine marines massacred them during a guerilla war. Motive unknown.[52] |
Pata Island massacre | February 12, 1981 | Pata, Sulu | 124
(government forces) |
Government officers and soldiers were ambushed by Muslim rebels before the supposed peace talks; at that time, the worst attack since 1974 and the worst defeat on their side.[53][54] Sources, however, tagged the retaliation as a real massacre, wherein 3,000 Tausug civilians were killed in an operation launched by the military.[39] |
Daet massacre | June 14, 1981 | Daet, Camarines Norte | 4
(all civilians) |
Marching protesters were fired upon by soldiers; more than 40 were wounded.[55][56][57][58] |
Tudela incident
(Family murders) |
August 24, 1981 | Sitio Gitason, Bo. Lampasan, Tudela, Misamis Occidental | 10
(family members) |
Paramilitary members of a mock religious sect attacked Gumapon family's house with 12 persons inside.[55][56] |
Sag-od massacre | September 15, 1981 | Bo. Sag-od, Las Navas, Northern Samar | 45
(all civilians) |
Armed security men of a timber company allied with a paramilitary group shot residents when they come out of their homes.[55][56][59] |
Culasi incident | December 19, 1981 | Culasi, Antique | 5
(all farmers) |
PC members fired at a group of at least 400 marching residents while on the bridge; several were injured.[23][55][56] |
Talugtug incident | January 3, 1982 | Talugtug, Nueva Ecija | 5
(all civilians) |
Victims were gathered by the military. They were found dead a day later.[55][56] |
Dumingag incident | February 1982 | Dumingag, Zamboanga del Sur | 12
(all civilians) |
Members of Ilaga cult killed the victims in retaliation for the death of their leader.[55][56] |
Gapan incident
(Family murders) |
February 12, 1982 | Gapan, Nueva Ecija | 5
(family members: couple, 3 children) |
Men in camouflage attacked Bautista family's house.[56] |
Hinunangan incident | March 1982 | Bo. Masaymon, Hinunangan, Southern Leyte | 8
(all civilians, 6 were aged 3–18) |
Only few reports given that victims were allegedly killed by soldiers.[55][56] |
Bayog incident | May 25 – June 1982 | Bo. Dimalinao, Bayog, Zamboanga del Sur | 5
(all civilians) |
In retaliation for the death of 23 soldiers on May 23, military bombed the barrio by planes, killing 3. Victims were picked up days later, on May 30 and June 18, then killed. It was followed by an attack in the parish priest's residence.[55][56] |
Bulacan massacre | June 21, 1982 | Pulilan, Bulacan | 5
(all civilians) |
Six peasant organizers conducting a meeting at a farmer's house were raided by soldiers and five of them were taken away. They were found dead in San Rafael town a day after. Only one, who evaded the raid, survived.[55][56][60] |
Labo incident | June 23, 1982 | Labo, Camarines Norte | 5
(all civilians) |
In retaliation for the death of a soldier's friend, victims finishing the construction of the army detachment were shot by its soldiers.[55] |
Tong Umapoy massacre | 1983 | Tawi-Tawi | 57
(all civilians) |
A Navy ship allegedly fired on a passenger boat, killing people on board.[44] |
Godod ambush
(Rebel attack) |
September 29, 1983 | Godod, Zamboanga del Norte | 46
(39 soldiers, 7 civilians) |
About 70 suspected New People's Army rebels ambushed an army patrol unit in an incident with the highest casualty count suffered by Government forces in a single attack since leftist operations began a decade prior; only eleven survived.[61] |
Sinasa village incident
(Either mass suicide or mass murder) |
September 9, 1985 | Sinasa village, Davao City | 68
(perpetrator and his followers) |
Similar to what happened in a settlement in Guyana on 1978, as local officials stated, religious leader Mangayanon Butaog fed poisoned food to his 69 followers in a remote mountain village, then later committed suicide; five survived.[62] |
Escalante massacre | September 20, 1985 | Escalante, Negros Occidental | 20
(all civilians) |
A crowd of estimated 5,000, holding a strike, were shot by government forces during dispersal; scores injured. The involved policemen were jailed and later released on parole in 2003.[23][55][63][64][65] |
Balamban murders | October 5, 1985 | Balamban, Cebu | 9
(family members) |
Skeletal remains of Anugot family members were exhumed on August 29, 2008.[66] |
Inopacan massacre | 1985[67] | Mt. Sapang Dako, Baranggay Culisihan, Inopacan, Leyte[68][69][70] | 67 | The Communist New People's Army rebel purge victims' skeletal remains were discovered and exhumed by authorities in a mass grave site on August 28, 2006.[67][68][69][70][71] |
Mendiola massacre (Black Thursday) |
January 22, 1987 | Mendiola, San Miguel, Manila | 13
(all civilians) |
Government forces opened fire on a group of thousands of farmers on their way to Malacañang; 39 were injured. None were convicted.[23][72] |
Lupao massacre | February 10, 1987 | Sitio Padlao, Namulandayan, Lupao, Nueva Ecija | 17
(all civilians) |
Victims were killed by soldiers, reportedly in retaliation for the death of a platoon leader killed by the New People's Army (NPA). Soldiers involved were later acquitted by the military court.[23] It is claimed that soldiers burned and looted their homes after a running gun battle with communist rebels, leading to the death of an Army lieutenant and the wounding of his radioman.[73] The carnage, which also wounded 8,[74][75] remains unresolved.[73][76][77][78][79] |
DXRA massacre | August 27, 1987 | Davao City | 9
(4 local mediamen; 5 civilians) |
Communist rebels attacked radio stations DXRA and DXMF, however, failed to cause casualties to the latter.[80] |
Massacre in Midsalip | November 22, 1988 | Midsalip, Zamboanga del Sur | 9 | Machete ang knife-wielding assailants hacked to death a sleeping family, including a farmer, his wife and 7 children, in their home. Two survived.[81] |
Massacre in Bagtik | November 22, 1988 | Bagtik, San Remigio, Cebu | 17 | Gunmen wearing fatigues arrived in an isolated mountain area, and for 10 minutes, sprayed automatic gunfire around the chapel and an adjacent residence, while villagers gathered for evening prayers. Victims including 4 children and 2 elderly women. At least 12 were wounded.[81][82] |
Rano massacre | June 25, 1989 | Binaton, Digos City, Davao del Sur | 37-41
(figures varied; mostly unarmed civilians, some armed anti-communist vigilantes, some count include 2 claimed NPA rebel deaths) |
Thirty-nine victims were members of the United Church of Christ congregation, killed in church. Two New People's Army rebels also killed in an encounter. At least eight others were wounded.[83] |
1989 Davao hostage crisis | August 13–15, 1989 | Davao City | 21 | A hostage-taking incident, army jail detainees took as hostages 15 Joyous Assembly of God members; 5 Christian Pentecostals and 16 detainees, also hostages, were killed.[84] |
Digos massacre | November 23, 1989 | Digos, Davao Del Sur, Mindanao, Philippines | 39[85] | Including women and children. |
Vizconde massacre
(Family murders) |
June 30, 1991 | BF Homes, Parañaque City, Metro Manila | 3 | Vizconde Family members were the victims, all had suffered multiple stab wounds. |
Sablan massacre
(Family murders) |
June 18–19, 1992 | Sitio Dakes, Brgy. Banangan, Sablan, Benguet | 3
(family members: survivor's sister and 2 cousins) |
Victims were killed by five policemen; Myrna Diones was the only survivor.[86] |
Massacre in villages | December 13, 1992 | Zamboanga del Sur | 40 | About 20 to 30 armed Muslims entered three villages: Alto Gulod, Lunot, Saguran. Villagers were lined up, stabbed and shot. Many were wounded.[87][88][89][90] |
Antipolo massacre
(Rampage killing) |
December 3, 1993 | Sitio Kulasisi, Brgy. San Luis, Antipolo, Rizal | 5
(perpetrator's neighbors) |
Suspect Winefredo Masagca, believed to be "possessed by evil spirits," killed his neighbors in their house.[91] |
Lipa massacre
(Family murders) |
April 10, 1994 | Sabang, Lipa City, Batangas | 3 | Angelina Arandia, along with her daughters Chelsea Liz and Anne Geleen were the victims, all had suffered multiple stab wounds |
Ipil massacre
(Terror attack) |
April 3, 1995 | Ipil, Zamboanga del Sur
(now part of Zamboanga Sibugay) |
53
(all civilians) |
Approximately 200 heavily armed militants of the Abu Sayyaf fired upon residents, strafed civilian homes, plundered banks, took up to 30 hostages and then burned the centre of the town to the ground.[92][93] With more than 48 injuries.[94] |
Payumo massacre
(Family murders) |
September 9, 1995 | Santa Rosa, Laguna | 4
(family members: mother, 3 children) |
Victims were believed to be killed by drug addicts; a daughter of the family survived.[95][96]
Four suspects were convicted by the Biñan RTC on 1997.[97] However, on 2002, the Supreme Court lowered the death penalty sentence of three of them to four life terms each, while the fourth suspect, then sentenced to life imprisonment, was acquitted.[98] |
Olongapo incident
(Rampage killing) |
October 21, 1995 | Olongapo City | 8 | Perpetrator Edgar Fernandez staged a shooting spree in a private hospital for its management's poor treatment; 3 were wounded.[99][100][101] |
Buhi massacre
(Family murders) |
December 28, 1995 | Sitio Bogtong, Brgy. Gabas, Buhi, Camarines Sur | 13
(family members: from the Cascante–Gayte clan: mother & 2 children; from the Gayte–Campo clan: couple & 5 children; also 2 another Gayte relatives and an adopted daughter. They including 5 young minors.) |
The incident was triggered by a land dispute involving Nieva, Gayte, and Campo families. In retaliation for the killing of landlord Cristito Nieva, Jr. on Oct. 28, 1995, a number of armed men attacked the compound in a remote village and later shot and hacked the victims in their houses, with three of them beheaded, and the rest sustained gunshots.[102][103] One of them was the wife of one of the suspects implicated to the landlord's murder. Two of 9 survivors, one from each clan, stood as star witness.
Some of the involved and implicated were a police chief (with 5 others including Ramon Madrideo, once turned as state witness, they were arrested on Jan. 1996[104]) and 4 from the Nieva clan (including the alleged mastermind Ester Nieva, landlord's wife, they were arrested on 1999 in Cavite[105]).[106] A case was considered solved upon the surrender of remaining 3 of 13 suspects in the landlord's murder on Aug. 1996.[107] |
North Cotabato incident
(Mass murder) |
May 11, 1997 | Pigcawayan, North Cotabato | 5
(minor brothers) |
A case of alleged cannibalism.[108] |
Sara massacre
(Rampage killing) |
August 12, 1998 | Brgy. Bacabac, Sara, Iloilo | 10
(travelers, including a United States Peace Corps volunteer) |
Five men attacked four vehicles and shot the victims in a robbery incident. On Aug. 14, Ernesto (Edgardo) Brito surrendered; he admitted, but later denied, his involvement while pointed at Ricky Braga as the alleged mastermind, and his second cousin; the two later captured.
On May 19, 2000, the Iloilo City RTC only sentenced Brito to death, while convicted also two confessed killers, the Braga cousins, as well as a couple for the obstruction of justice.[109] |
Nueva Ecija incident
(Summary killing) |
March 1999 | Jaen, Nueva Ecija Tarlac City, Tarlac |
5
(including a lone survivor in Jaen) |
Victims were shot in Jaen, allegedly by the men of local police chief Supt. Alfredo Siwa. Their companion, survivor and lone witness, was later killed by a group of eight armed men reportedly led by Siwa, at the Tarlac Provincial Hospital, Mar. 26. Later, Siwa was arrested and the entire Baliwag police force was relieved.[110] |
Mindoro Oriental murders
(Rampage killing) |
April 3, 2000 | Victoria, Oriental Mindoro | 7
(all civilians) |
Victims were fatally shot by two drunk military soldiers in a videoke bar; two others were seriously wounded.[111] |
Armed attack (Lanao del Sur)
(Rebel attack) |
July 16, 2000 | Brgy. Somogot, Bumbaran, Lanao del Sur | 21
(all Christian residents) |
Victims were shot dead inside a mosque, by about a hundred armed men, suspected to be Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) rebels, who had attacked the village; ensued shooting rampage injured 11 people.[112] |
Armed attack (Cotabato)
(Rebel attack) |
August 4, 2000 | North Cotabato | 16
(all civilians) |
Heavily armed men, suspected from MILF, stopped the vehicles on a road; victims inside were robbed and shot; 10 were injured.[113] |
Dinagat massacre
(Mass murder) |
December 13, 2000 | San Jose, Dinagat Island, Surigao del Norte
(now part of Dinagat Islands) |
11
(members of a faction of Philippine Benevolent Missionaries Association) |
Members of the PBMA's White Guerreros were killed by the elite force, White Eagles, upon orders of their cult leader Ruben Ecleo Jr., in his residence. Local police reported that the victims were hacked; but National Bureau of Investigation autopsies later found out that they were shot.[114] |
Bacolod City murders
(Family murders) |
December 17, 2000 | Bacolod City | 8
(family members: father, 3 sons, his parents; also 2 family housemaids) |
Perpetrator, Rivilla family's houseboy Bernon Gallo, later confessed and was convicted for the killings in the residence of a haciendero family wherein their driver had survived.[115] |
Mandaue City murders
(Family murders) |
June 18, 2002 | Mandaue | 5
(family members: 2 siblings and their parents, all in-laws of Ruben Ecleo Jr.; a neighbor) |
Victims were shot dead in the Bacolod family's home by Rico Gumonong, a PBMA member, who was later killed in an encounter with the responding policemen. Among the victims was Ben Bacolod, brother-in-law of Ruben Ecleo Jr. and believed to be the sole witness in the murder of his sister and Ecleo's wife, Alona Bacolod. He also testified on the 2000 Dinagat massacre. Ecleo surrendered to the police on June 19. He had faced charges for two separate massacres and for the death of his wife.[114] |
Zamboanga City murders
(Family murders) |
December 19, 2002 | Brgy. San Roque, Zamboanga City | 7
(family members: mother, 3 children; also 3 family helpers) |
Victims were murdered at the Tan family's house.[116] |
Hacienda Luisita massacre | November 16, 2004 | Hacienda Luisita, Tarlac | 7 | A clash between combined government troops and more than 6,000 protesting farm workers during an attempted dispersal resulted also in injuries of at least 120. Charges against the respondents were dismissed in 2010.[23][72][117] |
Palo massacre | November 21, 2005 | Barangay San Agustin, Palo, Leyte | 7 | Claimed to be a legitimate operation by the military, the "gunfight" between the soldiers and alleged armed groups lasted for about 45 minutes at dawn. Resulted to the death of 7 peasants, including a seven-months-old-pregnant woman, 11 were wounded, 8 were arrested but only 6 were detained, and 2 were still missing.[118][119] |
Calbayog massacre | June 2, 2007 | Gadgaran, Calbayog City, Samar | 10 | Danilo "Danny" Guades hacked to death 10 people with a bolo and injured 17 more on a drunk rampage through his neighbourhood at early morning. |
Olongapo massacre | March 13, 2008 | Gordon Heights, Olongapo City | 4
(including model Scarlet Garcia and her cousin) |
Victims were killed in a condominium unit.[120][121][122] |
Olongapo murders
(Family murders) |
July 27, 2008 | Sitio Kakilingan, Iram Resettlement, Brgy. Cabalan, Olongapo City | 3
(Korean family members: mother, daughter, grandchild) |
Victims were stabbed by unidentified men in their house.[123][124] |
RCBC Cabuyao massacre | May 16, 2008 | Cabuyao City, Laguna | 10 | All bank employees were shot dead. |
Calamba massacre | May 18, 2008 | Hornalan, Calamba City, Laguna | 8 | |
Shariff Aguak murders
(Family murders) |
August 28, 2008 | Brgy. Tapikan, Shariff Aguak, Maguindanao | 8
(members of the Lumenda and Aleb families) |
Ampatuan militiamen shot and killed them as they were harvesting in their rice field.[125] |
Maguindanao massacre
(Mass murder) |
November 23, 2009 | Sitio Masalay, Brgy. Salman, Ampatuan, Maguindanao | 58
(most of them were part of a convoy: family members, including E. Mangudadatu's wife and his two sisters, and supporters of a perpetrator's political rival, 32 journalists; lawyers; aides; 6 passersby that mistakenly identified as part of the convoy.) |
A convoy carrying family members and supporters of Buluan vice mayor Esmael Mangudadatu was stopped by around 200 armed men while on their way to the provincial capitol to file his candidacy, challenging Datu Unsay mayor Andal Ampatuan Jr., son of the incumbent Maguindanao governor Andal Ampatuan Sr. and member of one of Mindanao's leading Muslim political clans, in the forthcoming gubernatorial election, part of the national elections in 2010. The victims were later abducted and killed; their bodies were buried in shallow graves on a hilltop.[125][126] Andal Jr. and several of his political relatives were suspected to have plotted the attack. This incident led to the declaration of martial law in the province in December of the same year.[127] The incident is the world's worst single attack against the media and the worst case of election-related violence in the country’s history. On Dec. 19, 2019, Quezon City RTC convicted 28 people, including masterminds Andal Jr. and Zaldy Ampatuan, and sentenced them to reclusion perpetua; 56 others were acquitted.[128][129] |
Rendon massacre
(Family murders) |
October 12, 2011 | Brgy. Sta Felomina, San Pablo City, Laguna | 4
(family members: couple, 2 children) |
Suspect Ernie Tambuong, victims' neighbor, killed them because of a suspicion; only a daughter of the family survived.[130][131][132][133] |
Sibago Island massacre
(Terror attack) |
January 24, 2012 | Sibago Island, Basilan | 15
(all civilians: Pagadian City residents) |
Gunmen, victim's rivals as stated by authorities, aboard three pump boats fired at them while fishing; three wounded.[94][134][135][136] |
Roque-Sta. Ana. massacre
(Family murders) |
August 16, 2012 | St. Francis Village, Balagtas, Bulacan | 4
(family members: grandfather, mother, 2 children) |
Victims were killed in a robbery incident.[137][138] |
Kawit massacre | January 4, 2013 | Tabon 1, Kawit, Cavite | 8 (including the perpetrator) | A 30-minute shooting rampage occurred when a drunk man named Ronald Baquiran Bae killed at least 7 people and a dog and wounded 12 other people with a semiautomatic pistol, before he was shot and killed by police. Another man, John Paul Lopez, was later arrested for assisting the gunman during the shooting by reloading his pistol magazine. The motive of the suspect is still unclear. |
Atimonan massacre | January 6, 2013 | Atimonan, Quezon | 13 | Thirteen people were killed in a mass murder, authorities said to be an alleged shootout conducted by Philippine National Police. |
Nunungan massacre
(Terror attack) |
April 22, 2013 | Nunungan, Lanao del Norte | 13
(all civilians: including relatives of the town mayor, supporters) |
Convoy of the town mayor was ambushed; 10 wounded.[94][139][140] |
Pampanga massacre | September 21, 2013 | Angeles City | 7 | Edejer, a bangus (milkfish) trader, sustained a gunshot wound in the head during the killings that claimed the life of his wife Corazon, son Kenneth, nephew Nelson Dominico, housemaids Teresita Lansangan and Kaykay, and Benigno Villanueva.[141] |
Baguio massacre | April 6, 2014 | Kayang Hilltop, Baguio | 5 | Victims (including 3 minors and a maid) were stabbed dead inside a rented apartment on the fourth floor of the building that serves as a marketplace.[142] The Regional Trial Court Branch 4, Baguio City, on January 28, 2016 found Phillip Tolentino Avino, the accused in the killing, guilty beyond reasonable doubt. He was sentenced to suffer reclusion perpetua or life sentence without eligibility to parole for the five counts of murder filed against him.[143] |
Talipao massacre | July 28, 2014 | Talipao, Sulu | 21 | Armed men opened fire at a convoy of civilians who were travelling to a feast to mark the end of Ramadan.[144] |
Mamasapano clash (Also known as the Mamasapano massacre) | January 25, 2015 | Brgy. Tukanalipao, Mamasapano, Maguindanao | 44 SAF personnel | A police operation, codenamed Oplan Exodus, by Philippine National Police-Special Action Force (allegedly joined by United States Army Special Forces) against the Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front; SAF members were fired upon by members of the MILF.[72] |
Negros Oriental massacre | February 5, 2016 | Canlaon City, Negros Oriental | 3 (including a 15-year-old girl) | Roberto Montano Jr., 29, of Barangay Quezon, San Carlos City, is the prime suspect in the killing of Virgilio Tabanao, 61, his wife Erlinda, 69, and granddaughter, Kia, 15, at their home in Sitio Alibabay, Barangay Mabigo.[145] |
SJDM massacre
(Family murders) |
June 27, 2017 | San Jose del Monte City, Bulacan | 5
(family members: grandmother, mother, 3 children) |
[146][147] |
Hacienda Nene massacre | October 20, 2018 | Hacienda Nene, Sagay, Negros Occidental | 9
(all farmers) |
At least 40 men reportedly fired at the victims, all sugarcane farmers and members of National Federation of Sugar Workers (NFSW).[23] Three of the bodies were set on fire. Four farmers, two of which were minors, survived and escaped from the massacre, which would be uncovered to the media a day later.[148][149] |
References
- Clodfelter, Micheal (9 May 2017). Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492-2015. p. 61. ISBN 9780786474707. Archived from the original on 17 September 2020. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
- Borao, José Eugenio (Nov 1, 1998). "The massacre of 1603: Chinese perception of the Spaniards in the Philippines" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on April 23, 2018. Retrieved Feb 18, 2018.
- "Massacre in Manila" Archived 2021-10-17 at the Wayback Machine Philippine Daily Inquirer. 8 July 2005. Retrieved 10 September 2016.
- "6 Horrifying Facts That Get Let Out Of Philippine History". FilipiKnow. 11 October 2016. Archived from the original on 27 February 2017. Retrieved 27 February 2017.
- "Philippine bells toll memory of massacre" Archived 2021-10-17 at the Wayback Machine The Victoria Advocate. April 8, 1998. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
- "Bells in Wyoming toll memory of massacre" Archived 2021-10-17 at the Wayback Machine Boca Raton News. April 8, 1998. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
- Fritz, David L, Before "The Howling Wilderness": The Military Career of Jacob Heard Smith, Military Affairs, November–December (1979), p. 186
- Young, Kenneth Ray, "Guerrilla Warfare Revisited", Leyte Samar Studies, XI:1 (1977), pp. 21–31
- Dumindin, Arnaldo. "Philippine-American War, 1899–1902". Archived from the original on 2008-12-08. Retrieved 2008-03-30.
- Dumindin, Arnaldo (2006). "Balangiga Massacre, 1901". Philippine-American War, 1899–1902. Archived from the original on February 21, 2018. Retrieved Feb 15, 2018.
- Eperjesi, John (23 February 2015). "For Whom the Balangiga Bells Toll". HuffPost. Archived from the original on 20 August 2017. Retrieved Feb 15, 2018.
-
- Agoncillo, Teodoro C. (1990) [1960]. History of the Filipino People (8th ed.). Quezon City: Garotech Publishing. p. 228. ISBN 971-8711-06-6., "In their desperation, the American soldiers turned arsonists burning whole towns in order to force guerrillas to the open. One such infamous case of extreme barbarity occurred in the town of Balangiga, Samar, in 1901–1902. ..."
- Nebrida, Victor. "The Balangiga Massacre: Getting Even". Archived from the original on 2 April 2008. Retrieved 2008-03-29.
- "News: Duterte wants apology from US, but gives Marcos hero's burial when 1,500 Moros were massacred during Martial Law". Memebuster. Sep 8, 2016. Archived from the original on February 22, 2018. Retrieved Feb 22, 2018.
- "US soldiers pose with the bodies of Moro insurgents, Philippines, 1906". rarehistoricalphotos.com. Rare Historical Photos. January 29, 2016. Archived from the original on September 13, 2016. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
- Clemens, Samuel (Mar 12, 1906). "Comments on the Moro Massacre". History is a Weapon. Archived from the original on February 6, 2018. Retrieved Feb 15, 2018.
- "War Crimes in the Philippines during WWII (PDF)" Archived 2021-05-15 at the Wayback Machine Arthur D. Simons Center. Retrieved 05-13-2021.
- Mazza, Eugene A. (February 15, 2004). "The American Prisoners of War Rescued after the sinking of the Japanese transport, Shinyō Maru, by the USS Paddle, SS 263, on 7 September 1944". Submarine Sailor. Archived from the original on 5 April 2016. Retrieved 13 February 2016.
- —"Order arrest of 34 Japs for Philippines massacre" Archived 2021-10-17 at the Wayback Machine Toronto Daily Star. September 28, 1945. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
—"Japs tried for prison murders" The Gettysburg Times. August 2, 1948. Retrieved February 24, 2022. - Diaz-Sabado, Joanna (Feb 8, 2018). "Feature: A Tree-bute: Remembering the 400 victims of Mangkaeng massacre". Philippine Information Agency. Archived from the original on February 21, 2018. Retrieved Feb 19, 2018.
- Kirkvliet, Benedict J. (2002). The Huk Rebellion A Study of Peasant Revolt in the Philippines. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 113. ISBN 9781461644286.
- –70th anniversary of the Battle of Manila: Archived 2021-05-15 at the Wayback Machine "Briefer: Massacres in the Battle of Manila" Archived 2016-03-02 at the Wayback Machine Republic of the Philippines Presidential Museum and Library. 2015. Accessed 02-20-2016.
–70th anniversary of the Battle of Manila: "Manila Holocaust: Massacre and Rape, by Dr. Benito J. Legarda Jr." Archived 2021-05-15 at the Wayback Machine Republic of the Philippines Presidential Museum and Library. 2015. Retrieved 05-13-2021.
–"February 1945: The Rape of Manila" Archived 2021-05-15 at the Wayback Machine Inquirer.net. February 16, 2014. Retrieved 05-13-2021.
–"Battlefield as Crime Scene: The Japanese Massacre in Manila" Archived 2021-05-15 at the Wayback Machine HistoryNet. December 2018. Retrieved 05-13-2021.
–Aquino, Raymund Luther (January 30, 2015). "The Forgotten Massacre". www.bworldonline.com. BusinessWorld. Archived from the original on July 7, 2018. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
–"The Sack of Manila". battlingbastardsbataan.com. Archived from the original on 20 August 2010. Retrieved 13 July 2006. - "Massacres, incidents of violence against farmers" Archived 2021-05-05 at the Wayback Machine Rappler. October 23, 2018. Retrieved 05-01-2021.
–Note that this article mistakenly reported that Lupao massacre occurred on "June 23, 1987". - Soliven, Maximo (1962). "The Elections 1961 (in PDF)" (PDF). Philippine Studies. Ateneo de Manila University, Loyola Heights, Quezon City. 10 (1): 3–31. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 13, 2020. Retrieved March 23, 2017.
- Ilagan, Karol (May 13, 2013). "Old, new, old-new bets split voters of Maragondon, Cavite". The PCIJ Blog. Archived from the original on July 16, 2018. Retrieved May 20, 2019.
- Trocki, Carl (1998). Gangsters, Democracy, and the State in Southeast Asia. New York: Southeast Asian Program Publications (Cornell University). p. 56. ISBN 0-87727-134-8. Archived from the original on 2021-10-17. Retrieved 2021-08-12.
- "9 Extremely Notorious Pinoy Gangsters". FilipiKnow. 7 September 2016. Archived from the original on 29 November 2019. Retrieved May 20, 2019.
- Begas, Leifbilly (Feb 7, 2013). "Sino ang pumatay kay Nardong Putik?". Inquirer Bandera (Visayas), via PressReader (in Tagalog). Archived from the original on October 17, 2021. Retrieved May 20, 2019.
- "Nardong Putik". Law and Behold! (Blogspot). Aug 21, 2014. Archived from the original on May 24, 2019. Retrieved May 20, 2019.
- "10 Notorious Crimes of the 1960s That Shocked The Philippines". FilipiKnow. Archived from the original on February 9, 2016. Retrieved February 12, 2016.
- "The Philippines: A Global Studies Handbook" Archived 2021-05-15 at the Wayback Machine ABC-CLIO, Inc. 2006.
- "The Life of Benigno Simeon "Ninoy" Aquino Jr". infogr.am. Archived from the original on February 25, 2016. Retrieved February 20, 2016.
- "Lapiang Malaya". Bantayog ng mga Bayani. October 9, 2015. Archived from the original on February 19, 2018. Retrieved Feb 1, 2018.
- "A History of the Philippine Political Protest". gov.ph. Official Gazette, Republic of the Philippines. Archived from the original on July 3, 2017. Retrieved February 25, 2016.
- de Santos, Jonathan (2016). "The Forgotten War". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on February 22, 2018. Retrieved Feb 22, 2018.
- "The Jabidah Massacre of 1968". Bantayog ng mga Bayani. Oct 15, 2015. Archived from the original on February 19, 2018. Retrieved Feb 1, 2018.
- Whitman, Paul (2002). "The Corregidor Massacre – 1968". Corregidor Historic Society. Archived from the original on September 13, 2015. Retrieved Feb 22, 2018.
- Arillo, Cecilio (Jul 5, 2017). "Why President Marcos declared martial law (Part 5)". Business Mirror. Archived from the original on February 22, 2018. Retrieved Feb 22, 2018.
- Maulana, Nash (Aug 28, 2016). "Moros recall massacres under Marcos". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on October 9, 2017. Retrieved Feb 22, 2018.
- Ayroso, Dee (Feb 24, 2016). "#NoMoreMarcos | 'Moros were killed like chickens during Martial Law'". Bulatlat. Archived from the original on January 29, 2018. Retrieved Feb 22, 2018.
- Mawallil, Amir (Jun 27, 2016). "Manili Massacre: Don't look back in anger". Rappler. Archived from the original on February 23, 2018. Retrieved Feb 22, 2018.
- Mawallil, Amir (Oct 7, 2016). "Opinion: Before Martial Law, there was the Tacub Massacre". ABS-CBN News. Archived from the original on October 9, 2017. Retrieved Feb 22, 2018.
- "Christians blamed, Moslems victims in massacre" Archived 2021-10-17 at the Wayback Machine Ottawa Citizen. September 6, 1974. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
- "Vera Files Fact Sheet: Palimbang massacre and Marcos' other transgressions against the Bangsamoro". Vera Files. Sep 24, 2017. Archived from the original on December 25, 2017. Retrieved Feb 22, 2018.
- Mawallil, Amir (Jul 30, 2016). "Opinion: The Malisbong Massacre and the privilege to remember". ABS-CBN News. Archived from the original on February 22, 2018. Retrieved Feb 22, 2018.
- "1,500 Moro massacre victims during Martial Law honored" Archived 2018-02-01 at the Wayback Machine MindaNews. Sep 26, 2014. Article also appeared Archived 2018-02-22 at the Wayback Machine on UNPO website on Sep 29, 2014. Retrieved Feb 22, 2018.
- "Massacre in Philippines" Archived 2021-10-17 at the Wayback Machine The Sydney Morning Herald. August 14, 1975. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
- "Massacre charges suggested" Archived 2021-10-17 at the Wayback Machine The Spokesman-Review. April 26, 1980. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
- Butterfield, Fox (Nov 11, 1977). "As Philippine Truce Fails, End of Moslem Revolt Appeais Far Off". New York Times.
- de Santos, Jonathan. "Memories of Martial Law in Mindanao THE FORGOTTEN WAR". PhilStar Global. Archived from the original on 22 February 2018.
- Subcommittee on International Organizations, United States Congress House Committee on International Relations (1978). Human Rights in the Philippines, Recent Developments: Hearing the Subcommittee on International Organizations of the Committee on International Relations, House of Representatives, Ninety-fifth Congress, Second Session, April 27, 1978. U.S. Government Printing Office. Archived from the original on October 17, 2021. Retrieved August 12, 2021.
- "Philippine marines massacre 29 in remote island, report says " Archived 2021-10-17 at the Wayback Machine Lakeland Ledger. April 17, 1980. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
- "Massacre reported" Archived 2021-10-17 at the Wayback Machine The Bryan Times. February 14, 1981. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
- "Moslem rebels massacre 124 soldiers" Archived 2021-10-17 at the Wayback Machine The Sydney Morning Herald. February 16, 1981. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
- Doyo, Ma. Ceres (Sep 22, 2016). "Martial law massacres". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on June 14, 2018. Retrieved Feb 22, 2018.
- Post Archived 2021-10-17 at the Wayback Machine from Marcos Martial Law Never Again Archived 2020-02-09 at the Wayback Machine (book) Facebook page. Apr 25 2016. Accessed Feb 22, 2018.
- Jun 14, 2015 (14 June 2015). "The Daet Massacre". Bantayog ng mga Bayani. Archived from the original on February 19, 2018. Retrieved Feb 1, 2018.
- "Martyrs of the 1981 Daet Massacre". Bantayog ng mga Bayani. Archived from the original on February 19, 2018. Retrieved Feb 1, 2018.
- "Marcos regime massacre that 'nearly wiped out' an entire village in Samar remembered". Eastern Vista. Sep 18, 2017. Archived from the original on September 22, 2017. Retrieved Feb 22, 2018.
- "Bulacan Martyrs of 1982". Bantayog ng mga Bayani. Nov 30, 2012. Archived from the original on January 30, 2018. Retrieved Feb 1, 2018.
- Trumbull, Robert (Oct 3, 1983). "46 killed by Philippine rebels in ambush of an Army patrol". The New York Times. Archived from the original on May 24, 2015. Retrieved Nov 7, 2018.
- "Cult chief poisons Filipino villagers,, kills self in Jonestown-style massacre" Archived 2020-03-26 at the Wayback Machine Gainesville Sun. September 21, 1985. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
- "Escalante Massacre". Bantayog ng mga Bayani. Oct 12, 2015. Archived from the original on February 22, 2018. Retrieved Feb 22, 2018.
- "Escalante Massacre, 31 years ago today". Bantayog ng mga Bayani. Sep 20, 2016. Archived from the original on February 10, 2018. Retrieved Feb 1, 2018.
- Cañet, Carla (Sep 15, 2016). "Martial law victims to stage protest vs Marcos rule". Sun.Star. Archived from the original on February 22, 2018. Retrieved Feb 22, 2018.
- "Sun.Star: Remains of massacre victims unearthed in Cebu" Archived 2021-05-14 at the Wayback Machine GMA News Online. 08-30-2008. Retrieved 05-13-2021.
- "The communists' power couple". www.philstar.com. PhilStar Global. March 24, 2014. Archived from the original on August 21, 2016. Retrieved June 16, 2016.
- "NPA commander involved in 2006 'Inopacan massacre' falls in Bohol". www.tribune.net.ph. The Daily Tribune News. June 15, 2015. Archived from the original on August 9, 2016. Retrieved June 16, 2016.
- "Leyte marks 2nd year commemoration of Inopacan mass grave exhumation". www.samarnews.com. Samar News.com. August 27, 2008. Archived from the original on August 11, 2016. Retrieved June 16, 2016.
- "Suspect linked to Inopacan massacre arrested in Bohol". www.sunstar.com.ph. Sun.Star. June 14, 2015. Archived from the original on August 2, 2015. Retrieved June 16, 2016.
- "Ex-Mayor Linked to Inopacan Massacre". www.manilatimes.net. The Manila Times. June 14, 2015. Archived from the original on August 27, 2016. Retrieved June 16, 2016.
- "#BigasHindiBala (blog)". Get Real Post. 2 April 2016. Archived from the original on 22 February 2018. Retrieved Feb 22, 2018.
- Paredes, Joel (February 25, 2015). "Lupao Massacre | Memory of Ecija farmers killed 28 years ago casts a pall on EDSA's joy". InterAksyon.com. InterAksyon, TV5. Archived from the original on February 19, 2016. Retrieved February 25, 2016.
- Haugen, Gary (1999). Good News About Injustice. Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press. pp. 149–156. ISBN 978-0-8308-3710-6.
- Bolos, Abner. "Two Presidents and the Lupao Massacre". Bulatlat. Archived from the original on November 20, 2006. Retrieved August 26, 2006.
- "Massacre of Filipinos alleged" Archived 2021-10-17 at the Wayback Machine Lakeland Ledger. February 14, 1987. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
- "Civilian massacre charged in Philippines" Archived 2021-10-17 at the Wayback Machine The Hour. February 12, 1987. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
- "Report of massacre probed in Philippines" Archived 2021-10-17 at the Wayback Machine Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. February 14, 1987. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
- "Philippines invedtigating massacre" Archived 2021-10-17 at the Wayback Machine The Tuscaloosa News. February 13, 1987. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
- Dedace, Sophia (Aug 28, 2009). "Army men in Davao City vow to protect journalists". GMA News. Archived from the original on February 21, 2018. Retrieved Feb 19, 2018.
- "Sleeping family slain in Philippines Massacre; 18 rebels dead" Archived 2021-10-17 at the Wayback Machine Observer-Reporter. November 25, 1988. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
- "17 die in village church massacre" Archived 2021-10-17 at the Wayback Machine The Sydney Morning Herald. November 25, 1988. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
- "Communist Army Admits Massacre" Archived 2021-10-17 at the Wayback Machine The Victoria Advocate. June 28, 1989. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
- "Military on carpet for Davao massacre" Archived 2021-10-17 at the Wayback Machine Manila Standard. August 17, 1989. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
- Quimpo, Mariz. "Digos Massacre Remembered". Philadelphia Independent Media Center. Archived from the original on 15 April 2013. Retrieved 6 December 2012.
- "G.R. Nos. 111009-12". The LawPhil Project. Dec 8, 1994. Archived from the original on February 23, 2018. Retrieved Feb 23, 2018.
- "Massacre in Philippines reported" Archived 2021-10-17 at the Wayback Machine Sun Journal. December 14, 1992. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
- "Report Philippine massacre" Archived 2021-10-17 at the Wayback Machine The Presscott Courier. December 14, 1992. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
- "40 dead in Philippines massacre" Archived 2021-10-17 at the Wayback Machine The Telegraph. December 14, 1992. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
- "Philippines report massacre" Archived 2021-10-17 at the Wayback Machine The Southeast Missourian. December 14, 1992. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
- "Antipolo Massacre". Archived from the original on February 23, 2018. Retrieved Feb 23, 2018.
- "Troops seek killers of 53 in Philippines". Ocala Star-Banner. 12 April 1995. Archived from the original on 17 October 2021. Retrieved 27 May 2013.
- "Gunmen raid Philippine town, 100 dead". Times-Union. Associated Press. 4 April 1995. Archived from the original on 17 October 2021. Retrieved 27 May 2013.
- "10 Worst Terrorist Attacks in the Philippines". Pinoy Top Tens. Archived from the original on April 4, 2018. Retrieved Feb 23, 2018.
- "Police probe Philippine massacre". UPI. Sep 10, 1995. Archived from the original on February 23, 2018. Retrieved Feb 23, 2018.
- "Ano na ang nangyari sa nag-iisang survivor ng Payumo massacre?". Archived from the original on November 21, 2018. Retrieved Nov 7, 2018.
- G.R. Nos. 130078-82. Archived 2019-03-08 at the Wayback Machine Oct 4, 2002. Retrieved Nov 7, 2018.
- Porcalla, Delon (Nov 9, 2002). "High Court spares 3 massacre suspects from death". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on October 17, 2021. Retrieved Nov 7, 2018.
- "Hospital help kills 8 in the Philippines". UPI. Oct 22, 1995. Archived from the original on February 23, 2018. Retrieved Feb 23, 2018.
- Sentinel, Orlando (Oct 22, 1995). "Philippine Hospital Orderly Kills 8 With Rifle In Rampage". Orlando Sentinel. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014. Retrieved Feb 23, 2018.
- "Youth goes on rampage after failing to get RM18 loan". New Straits Times. Oct 22, 1995. Archived from the original on October 17, 2021. Retrieved Feb 23, 2018.
- "Philippine massacre kills 11". United Press International. Dec 29, 1995. Archived from the original on November 8, 2018. Retrieved Nov 7, 2018.
- "Philippine Gunmen Kill 14 People Watching Television". Associated Press. Dec 29, 1995. Archived from the original on November 21, 2018. Retrieved Nov 7, 2018.
- "Police Major, 5 more, tagged in Buhi massacre. Some suspects still at large" Archived 2021-10-17 at the Wayback Machine Manila Standard. January 12, 1996. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
- Barcia, Rhaydz (Jan 25, 1999). "Suspects in Buhi Massacre nabbed". Philippine News Agency. Archived from the original on January 22, 2011. Retrieved Nov 7, 2018.
- "Camarines Sur massacre: Witness names mastermind, cohorts" Archived 2021-10-17 at the Wayback Machine Manila Standard. January 3, 1996. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
- "Buhi massacre: Nieva slay suspects surrender to police" Archived 2021-10-17 at the Wayback Machine Manila Standard. August 17, 1996. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
- "Murder charges vs. Mindanao cannibal cultists" Philippine Headline News Online (PHNO). July 19, 1998. Retrieved Apr 3, 2022.
- —"US Peace Corps volunteer, 9 others killed in Iloilo". Aug 14, 1998.
—"Peace Corps killers caught" Aug 19, 1998.
—"Iloilo massacre leader tagged in Bicol crimes" Aug 29, 1998.
All aforementioned articles are from Philippine Headline News Online (PHNO); retrieved Apr 3, 2022.
—"Ruling on Sara massacre out; victims' kin cry for death" Archived 2021-10-17 at the Wayback Machine Philippine Daily Inquirer. May 20, 2000. Retrieved September 10, 2016. - —"Baliwag cop chief sacked for salvage of massacre witness" Mar 28, 1999.
—"Baliwag police force sacked, cop chief faces murder charge" Mar 30, 1999.
All articles are from Philippine Headline News Online (PHNO); retrieved Apr 3, 2022. - "Erap flies to Mindoro, condoles w/ massacre victims’ kin" PHNO. Apr 5, 2000. Retrieved Feb 26, 2022.
- "MILF rebels massacre 21 Christians" PHNO. Jul 18, 2000. Retrieved Feb 24, 2022.
- —"16 dead in Philippines massacre". ABC News. Aug 5, 2000. Retrieved Feb 21, 2022.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
—"Cotabato: 16 massacred by suspected MILF group" PHNO. Aug 6, 2000. Retrieved Feb 24, 2022. - —"Ecleo faces more charges" Philstar.com. June 21, 2002.
—"Ecleo recruiting fellow jailbirds" Philstar.com. June 25, 2002.
All were retrieved Feb 28, 2022. - —"Haciendero family massacred in Negros" PHNO. Dec 18, 2000. Retrieved Feb 26, 2022.
—"'Ghosts' haunt case of Bacolod massacre" Archived 2021-10-17 at the Wayback Machine Philippine Daily Inquirer. November 3, 2001. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
—"Bacolod massacre sad end of year in Visayas" Archived 2021-10-17 at the Wayback Machine Philippine Daily Inquirer. January 5, 2001. Retrieved September 10, 2016. - Parentildeo, Roel (December 20, 2002). "Businesswoman, 3 kids, 3 maids massacred in Zamboanga". PhilStar Global. The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on March 6, 2016. Retrieved February 25, 2016.
- "Activists commemorate Luisita massacre". abs-cbnNEWS.com. 16 November 2011. Archived from the original on 17 November 2011. Retrieved 16 November 2011.
- "Bullets Rain Over Palo Farmers". Bulatlat. 3 December 2005. Archived from the original on 12 August 2016. Retrieved 13 June 2016.
- "Farmers Acquitted; Soldiers in Palo Massacre Face Criminal Suit". Bulatlat. 26 November 2006. Archived from the original on 12 August 2016. Retrieved 13 June 2016.
- "Traffic cop probed over Olongapo killings". GMA News. Mar 16, 2008. Archived from the original on February 23, 2018. Retrieved Feb 23, 2018.
- Cantos, Joy (Mar 15, 2008). "Babae utak sa Gapo massacre". The Philippine Star (in Tagalog). Archived from the original on October 17, 2021. Retrieved Feb 23, 2018.
- "Miyembro ng TMG iniimbestigahan kaugnay ng Olongapo massacre". GMA News (in Tagalog). Mar 16, 2008. Archived from the original on February 23, 2018. Retrieved Feb 23, 2018.
- Malabanan, Jess (Jul 31, 2008). "Police bag suspects in massacre of Korean family in Olongapo". ABS-CBN News. Archived from the original on February 23, 2018. Retrieved Feb 23, 2018.
- "Korean family massacre case in Olongapo solved". SubicBay News. Aug 5, 2008. Archived from the original on February 23, 2018. Retrieved Feb 23, 2018.
- "The Ampatuans, State-Backed Militias, and Killings in the Southern Philippines" Human Rights Watch. Nov 16, 2010. Retrieved Feb 28, 2022.
- —"Behind the Philippines' Maguindanao Massacre". Time. November 27, 2009. Archived from the original on March 27, 2017. Retrieved February 27, 2017.
—Jimenez-David, Rina (November 24, 2009). "Understanding the unbelievable". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on November 27, 2009. Retrieved November 24, 2009. - —"Arroyo declares martial law in Maguindanao province". GMA News. Dec 5, 2009. Archived from the original on February 22, 2018. Retrieved Feb 22, 2018.
—"Philippines declares martial law in massacre area". Associated Press via Mercury News. Dec 5, 2009. Archived from the original on February 22, 2018. Retrieved Feb 22, 2018.
—"Martial law in Philippines province after massacre". BBC News. Dec 5, 2009. Archived from the original on February 22, 2018. Retrieved Feb 22, 2018.
—Beaumont, Peter (Dec 6, 2009). "Philippines province under martial law after massacre". The Guardian. Archived from the original on February 22, 2018. Retrieved Feb 22, 2018. - Jorgio, J. & Griffiths, J. (Dec 19, 2019). "Planners of Maguindanao massacre found guilty of murder in Philippines 'trial of the decade'" CNN. Retrieved Feb 28, 2022.
- For general details:
—"Timeline: The Maguindanao killings and the struggle for justice" Al Jazeera. Dec 19, 2019.
—Tomacruz, Sofia (Nov 23, 2017). "TIMELINE: The long road to justice for Maguindanao massacre victims" (Updated) Rappler.
All were retrieved Feb 28, 2022. - Cinco, Maricar (Oct 13, 2011). "Family of 5 massacred in Laguna, one survives". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on February 24, 2018. Retrieved Feb 23, 2018.
- "Massacre sa Laguna, 4 na magkakapamilya ang patay". GMA News (in Tagalog). Oct 13, 2011. Archived from the original on February 23, 2018. Retrieved Feb 23, 2018.
- Batallones, Jeck (Oct 13, 2011). "Row over horse leads to massacre in Laguna (video)". ABS-CBN News (in Tagalog). Archived from the original on February 23, 2018. Retrieved Feb 23, 2018.
- "Slain horse behind Laguna massacre?". ABS-CBN News. Oct 13, 2011. Archived from the original on February 23, 2018. Retrieved Feb 23, 2018.
- Yu Santos, David (Jan 24, 2012). "Attack on fishing boats kills 15 in Basilan". Rappler. Archived from the original on February 24, 2018. Retrieved Feb 23, 2018.
- "Gunmen kill 15 fishermen in the Philippines" Associated Press. Jan 24, 2012. Also appeared on The Guardian (link Archived 2018-02-23 at the Wayback Machine) and NY Daily News (link Archived 2018-02-24 at the Wayback Machine). Accessed Feb 23, 2018.
- Alipala, Julie (Jan 30, 2012). "2 fishermen's bodies found off Sulu a week after massacre at sea". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on February 24, 2018. Retrieved Feb 23, 2018.
- "Family of four massacred in Bulacan home — police". GMA News. Aug 16, 2012. Archived from the original on February 23, 2018. Retrieved Feb 23, 2018.
- Santos, Matikas (Aug 16, 2012). "4 knifed to death in Bulacan robbery". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on February 24, 2018. Retrieved Feb 23, 2018.
- "Lanao Norte mayor's convoy ambushed; 13 killed". Philippine Daily Inquirer/Agence France-Presse. Apr 26, 2013. Archived from the original on February 24, 2018. Retrieved Feb 23, 2018.
- "13 Killed in Lanao massacre". Manila Times (via PressReader). Apr 27, 2013. Archived from the original on October 17, 2021. Retrieved Feb 23, 2018.
- Orejas, Tonette (23 September 2013). "Fatalities in Pampanga slays rise to 7". Archived from the original on 3 August 2016. Retrieved 25 May 2016.
- Comanda, Zaldy; Landingin, JJ (8 April 2014). "5 dead in 'Baguio Massacre'". mb.com.ph. Manila Bulletin. Archived from the original on 10 March 2016. Retrieved 10 March 2016.
- Picaña, Thom (January 28, 2016). "Baguio massacre suspect found guilty". www.manilatimes.net. The Manila Times. Archived from the original on March 10, 2016. Retrieved March 10, 2016.
- Casimiro, Queenie (July 28, 2014). "Suspected Abu gunmen kill 21 in Sulu massacre". news.abs-cbn.com. ABS-CBN News. Archived from the original on August 9, 2016. Retrieved June 9, 2016.
- "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2018-07-06. Retrieved 2018-07-06.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - Reyes-Estrope, Carmela (Jun 28, 2017). "Massacre in Bulacan". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on November 6, 2017. Retrieved Feb 15, 2018.
- "5 dead in Bulacan massacre". GMA News. Jun 27, 2017. Archived from the original on February 21, 2018. Retrieved Feb 15, 2018.
- "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2018-10-21. Retrieved 2018-10-21.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - "E3B1C256-BFCB-4CEF-88A6-1DCCD7666635". Archived from the original on 2018-10-21. Retrieved 2018-10-21.