Teratodontidae

Teratodontidae ("monster teeth") is a family of extinct predatory mammals from extinct paraphyletic superfamily Hyainailouroidea within extinct order Hyaenodonta. Remains are known from Late Eocene to Late Miocene deposits in Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and Asia.[2]

Teratodontidae
Temporal range: Late Eocene - Late Miocene
lower jaw of Brychotherium ephalmos
skull of Masrasector nananubis
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: †Hyaenodonta
Superfamily: †Hyainailouroidea
Family: †Teratodontidae
Savage, 1965[1]
Subfamily: †Teratodontinae
Savage, 1965
Type genus
†Teratodon
Savage, 1965
Genera
[see text]

Etymology

The name of the family and subfamily translates as "monster teeth" (from Ancient Greek τέρας (téras) 'monster', from Ancient Greek ὀδών (odon) 'tooth' and taxonomic suffixes "-idae" and "-inae".

Classification and phylogeny

Taxonomy
  • Family: †Teratodontidae (Savage, 1965)
    • Subfamily: †Teratodontinae (Savage, 1965)
      • Genus: †Anasinopa (Savage, 1965)
        • †Anasinopa leakeyi (Savage, 1965)
        • †Anasinopa libyca (Morales, Brewer & Pickford, 2010)
      • Genus: †Brychotherium (Borths, 2016)
        • †Brychotherium ephalmos (Borths, 2016)
      • Genus: †Ekweeconfractus (Flink, 2021)[3]
        • †Ekweeconfractus amorui (Flink, 2021)
      • Genus: †Masrasector (Simons & Gingerich, 1974)
        • †Masrasector aegypticum (Simons & Gingerich, 1974)
        • †Masrasector ligabuei (Crochet, 1990)
        • †Masrasector nananubis (Borths & Seiffert, 2017)
      • Genus: †Metasinopa (Osborn, 1909)
        • †Metasinopa fraasii (Osborn, 1909)
        • †Metasinopa napaki (Savage 1965)
      • Tribe: †Dissopsalini (Morales & Pickford, 2017)
        • Genus: †Buhakia (Morlo, 2007)
          • †Buhakia moghraensis (Morlo, 2007)
        • Genus: †Dissopsalis (Pilgrim, 1910)
          • †Dissopsalis carnifex (Savage, 1965)
          • †Dissopsalis pyroclasticus (Barry, 1988)
      • Tribe: †Teratodontini (Savage, 1965)
        • Genus: †Teratodon (Savage, 1965)
          • †Teratodon enigmae (Savage, 1965)
          • †Teratodon spekei (Savage, 1965)

Phylogeny

The phylogenetic relationships of family Teratodontidae are shown in the following cladograms:[4][5][6][7]

 †Hyaenodonta 
 

†Eoproviverra

 
 
 
 

†Boualitomus

 
 

†Hyaenodonta sp. (Quarry L-41, Fayum, Egypt)

 
 

†Lahimia

 
 
 
 
 
 

†Arfiidae

 
 

†Limnocyonidae

 
 
 

†Sinopidae

 
 
 

†Hyaenodontoidea

 
 
 
 

†Gazinocyon

 
 

†Pyrocyon

 
 
 

†Galecyon

 
 
 
 

†Indohyaenodontidae

 
 

†Glibzegdouia

 
 
 

†Parvavorodon

 
 
 
 

†Koholiidae

 
 

†Tritemnodon

 
 
 

†Furodon

 
 

†Kyawdawia

 
 

†Paratritemnodon

 
 
 †Teratodontidae 
 †Teratodontinae 
 
 
 
 
 
 †Teratodontini 
 †Teratodon 
 

†Teratodon enigmae

 
 

†Teratodon spekei

 
 

†Teratodon sp. (DPC 8999)

 
 
 
 †Anasinopa 
 

†Anasinopa leakeyi

 
 

†Anasinopa libyca

 
 
 
 
 

†Masrasector aegypticum

 
 

†Masrasector ligabuei

 
 
 
 

†Masrasector nananubis

 
 
 
 †Metasinopa 
 

†Metasinopa fraasii

 
 

†Metasinopa napaki

 
 
 
 
 
 †Brychotherium 

†Brychotherium ephalmos

 
 †Dissopsalini 
 †Buhakia 
 

†Buhakia hyaenoides

 
 

†Buhakia moghraensis

 
 
 †Dissopsalis 
 

†Dissopsalis carnifex

 
 

†Dissopsalis pyroclasticus

 
 
 
 
 
 
 †Ekweeconfractus 

†Ekweeconfractus amorui

 
 
 
 
 
 
†Hyainailouroidea
 

†Apterodontinae

 
 
 

†Orienspterodon

 
 
 
†Hyainailourinae
 
 

†Hemipsalodon

 
 ? 

†Ischnognathus

 
  †Akhnatenavus clade 
 
 

†Akhnatenavus

 
 
 
 

†"Pterodon" africanus

 
 

†"Pterodon" phiomensis

 
 
 

†Paroxyaenini

 
 
†Hyainailourini
 

†Pterodontina

 
 

†Kerberos

 
 
 
 
 

†Falcatodon

 
 

†Sectisodon

 
 
 

†Exiguodon

 
 

†Isohyaenodon zadoki 

 
 
 
 
 
†Isohyaenodon 
(†Isohyaenodontina) 
 

†Isohyaenodon andrewsi 

 
 
 

†Sivapterodon

 
 

†Hyainailouros bugtiensis 

 
 
 
 

†Hyainailouros napakensis 

 

†Hyainailouros 

 
 
 

†Hyainailouros sulzeri 

 
 

†Hyainailourinae sp. (Arrdrift)

 
 
 

†Simbakubwa

 
 
 
 

†Mlanyama

 
 

†Metapterodontini

 
 
 
 

†Megistotherium

 
 

†Leakitheriini

 
 
 
 

†Pakakali

 
 

†Prionogalidae

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 †Lahimia clade 
 †Arfia clade 
 †Galecyon clade 
 †Indohyaenodon clade 
 †Tritemnodon clade 
 †Masrasector 
 

References
  1. R. J. G. Savage (1965.) "Fossil Mammals of Africa: 19 The Miocene Carnivora of East Africa." Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Geology 10(8):241-316
  2. Matthew R. Borths; Nancy J. Stevens (2017). "The first hyaenodont from the late Oligocene Nsungwe Formation of Tanzania: Paleoecological insights into the Paleogene-Neogene carnivore transition". PLOS ONE. 12 (10): e0185301. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1285301B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0185301. PMC 5636082. PMID 29020030.
  3. Flink, T.; Cote, S.; et al. (March 2021). "The neurocranium of Ekweeconfractus amorui gen. et sp. nov. (Hyaenodonta, Mammalia) and the evolution of the brain in some hyaenodontan carnivores". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 41 (2): e1927748. doi:10.1080/02724634.2021.1927748.
  4. Borths, Matthew R.; Stevens, Nancy J. (2017). "Deciduous dentition and dental eruption of Hyainailouroidea (Hyaenodonta, "Creodonta," Placentalia, Mammalia)". Palaeontologia Electronica. 20 (3): 55A. doi:10.26879/776.
  5. Matthew R. Borths; Nancy J. Stevens (2019). "Simbakubwa kutokaafrika, gen. et sp. nov. (Hyainailourinae, Hyaenodonta, 'Creodonta,' Mammalia), a gigantic carnivore from the earliest Miocene of Kenya". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 39 (1): e1570222. doi:10.1080/02724634.2019.1570222.
  6. Floréal Solé; Bernard Marandat; Fabrice Lihoreau (2020). "The hyaenodonts (Mammalia) from the French locality of Aumelas (Hérault), with possible new representatives from the late Ypresian". Geodiversitas. 42 (13): 185–214. doi:10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a13.
  7. Solé, F.; Morlo, M.; Schaal, T.; Lehmann, T. (2021). "New hyaenodonts (Mammalia) from the late Ypresian locality of Prémontré (France) support a radiation of the hyaenodonts in Europe already at the end of the early Eocene". Geobios. in press. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2021.02.004.
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