List of wars involving Sweden

This is a list of wars involving the Kingdom of Sweden. There are legendary accounts of Swedish kings well into prehistory and they are mentioned by Tacitus in his Germania, but St. Olof Skötkonung (995–1022) was the first ruler documented to have been accepted by both the Swedes around Lake Mälaren and by the Geats around Lake Vättern. The modern state of Sweden considers itself to have been established on 6 June 1523 by the acclamation of Gustav Vasa as king which finally ended the Kalmar Union with Denmark, although the current Swedish constitution dates to 1974.

Military engagements since 1814 have not been formally declared wars.

Kingdom of Sweden (800–1521)

Conflict	Sweden & its Allies	Sweden's opposition	Outcome
Jomsviking–Swedish War (980s) Location: Uppsala	Sweden	Jomsviking	Battle of Fýrisvellir decisive Swedish victory, death of Styrbjörn the Strong and Valtoke Gormsson[1]
Battle of Svolder (999-1000) Location: In Øresund or near Rügen	Sweden Denmark Jarls of Lade	Norway	Decisive Swedish and Danish Victory, Olaf Tryggvason killed
Yaroslav the Wise and Sviatopolk I of Kiev civil war for Kiev Bolesław I's intervention in the Kievan succession crisis (1018-1019) Location: In Ukraine Kiev	Yaroslav the Wise Varangians	Sviatopolk I of Kiev Duchy of Poland	Decisive victory for Yaroslav the Wise Sviatopolk I of Kiev forced to flee Kiev. Swedish Varangians helped Yaroslav capture Kiev. Eymund a relative or son to Eric the Victorious led the expedition.
Swedish-Danish war (1026-1030) Location: In Helge å or in Uppland	Sweden Norway	North Sea Empire Kingdom of England	Battle of Helgeå According to Norse sources, Pyrrhic victory for Cnut the Great but suffering far more casualties than Sweden. Anglo-Saxon sources mention Anund Jakob as the victor. Cnut the Great might have occupied Sigtuna for 2–3 years before getting ousted by Anund.
(1042) Ingvar the Far-Travelleds expedition Location: Georgia (country)	Varangians Kingdom of Georgia	Byzantine Empire Duchy of Kldekari	Defeat failure to restablish Swedish trade and military outposts in the East. Battle of Sasireti
Norwegian–Swedish War (1099–1101) (1099–1101) Location: Unknown	Sweden	Norway	Three King's Meeting (1101)
First Swedish Crusade (1150) Location: Unknown	Eric IX of Sweden, Henry (bishop of Finland)	Finns	Eventual incorporation of Southwest Finland into the Swedish kingdom
Karelians pillage Sigtuna (1187) Location: Sigtuna	Sweden	Karelians	Eric Chronicles describe Karelians destroying Sigtuna.
Battle of Neva (1240)	Swedes, Norwegians, Finns and Tavastians	Novgorod Republic and Karelians	Novgorodian victory.
Livonian Crusade (13th Century) Location: Estonia, Latvia	Crusade Sword-Brothers Livonian Order Denmark Duchy of Estonia Principality of Rügen Nordalbingia within Saxony Bishopric of Riga Bishopric of Dorpat Sweden Tālava christianized Livs, Letts, Estonians, Latgalians and Ungannians Bishopric of Courland Bishopric of Ösel–Wiek Pskov Republic	Pagans (Indigenous peoples) Livs (Livonians) Latgalians Curonians Estonians Oeselians Selonians Semigallians Rotalians Ungannians Vends Grand Duchy of Lithuania Samogitians Novgorod Republic Principality of Polotsk Principality of Smolensk	Crusader victory, Creation of Terra Mariana and Duchy of Estonia. However, the expedition lead by John I of Sweden ended in disaster in the Battle of Lihula on 8 August 1220.
Second Swedish Crusade (1249-1250) Location: Finland	Birger Jarl, Christians	Tavastians	Area of Tavastians and south-western Finland fall to Swedish rule, Häme Castle is founded
Karelians make campaign to Sweden (1257) Location: Finland	Sweden	Finland	Pope Alexander IV calls crusade against Karelians at the request of Valdemar, the king of Sweden
The war against Valdemar Birgersson (1257) Battle of Hova	Valdemar's Forces	Duke Magnus's Forces	Valdemar, King of Sweden is deposed Magnus Ladulås is crowned king of Sweden.
Swedish campaign against the Karelians and Izhorians (1292) Location: Unknown	Sweden	Karelians Izhorians	Novgorod First Chronicle: "In the same year the Svei, 800 of them, came in arms to ravage, 400 went against Korel, and 400 against the Izhera people; and the Izhera people killed them, and the Korel people killed theirs, and others they took with their hands."[2]
Third Swedish Crusade (1293) Location: Finland	Uppland	Karelians	*Swedes conquer 14 hundreds from the Karelians Next phase of the construction of the Vyborg Castle started Finland gradually becomes part of medieval Sweden
Swedish–Novgorodian Wars (1142–1322) Location: Finland	Sweden	Novgorod Republic	Treaty of Nöteborg (1323)
Swedish Brother's Feud (1304–1310) Location: Sweden	Sweden	Duke Eric and Valdemar's Forces	Death of Duke Eric and Valdemar.
Dano-Swedish War (1470–1471) (1470–1471) Location: Sweden	Sweden	Denmark	Swedish Victory
Russo-Swedish War (1495–1497) (1495–1497)[3] Location: Sweden	Sweden	Grand Duchy of Moscow	Swedish Victory, Eternal Peace of 1508
Dano-Swedish War (1501–1512) (1501–1512) Location: Sweden	Sweden Norwegian rebels (1501-1504) Free City of Lübeck (From 1522)	Kalmar Union Denmark Norway	Treaty of Malmö: Sweden and Lübeck agree to pay contribution to Denmark
Swedish War of Liberation (1521–23)[3] Location: Scandinavia	Sweden Free City of Lübeck (1509–12)	Kalmar Union Denmark Norway	*Kingdom of Sweden proclaims independence Dissolution of the Kalmar Union Creation of Denmark–Norway Sweden occupies Ranrike

Kingdom of Sweden (1523–1611)

Conflict	Sweden & its Allies	Sweden's opposition	Outcome
Count's Feud (May 1534 – 29 July 1536)[3] Location: Denmark	Christian III (Protestants) Schleswig Holstein Sweden Duchy of Prussia Jutland Funen Supported by: Norwegian nobles[4] Duchy of Guelders	Christian II (Catholics) County of Oldenburg Free City of Lübeck Scania Malmö Copenhagen Zealand Supported by: Norwegian nobles[5] Habsburg Netherlands	Victory for Christian III and the Danish Protestants.
Dacke War (1542–1543) Location: Sweden	Sweden	Rebels lead by Nils Dacke	Peasant uprising against the crown defeated, uprising leader Nils Dacke executed
Russo-Swedish War (1554–1557) (1554–1557)[3] Location: Sweden	Sweden	Tsardom of Russia	Treaty of Novgorod (1557), Status quo ante bellum
Northern Seven Years' War (1563–1570)[3] Location: Scandinavia	Sweden	Denmark-Norway Free City of Lübeck Polish–Lithuanian Union[note 1]	Treaty of Stettin (1570), Status quo ante bellum
Livonian War (1542–1543)[3] Location: Sweden	Livonian Confederation Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (before 1569 the Polish–Lithuanian union) Denmark–Norway Kingdom of Sweden Zaporozhian Cossacks Principality of Transylvania (after 1577)[7]	Tsardom of Russia Qasim Khanate Kingdom of Livonia	*Treaty of Teusina Estonia ceded to Sweden
War against Sigismund (1598–1599)[3] Location: Sweden	Polish–Swedish union Poland Sweden	Swedish Separatists	Separatist victory, Polish-Swedish Union dissolved
Russo-Swedish War (1554–1557) (1600–1629)[3] Location: Baltic Sea, Prussia, Latvia, Poland	Sweden	Poland (Poland-Lithuania) Holy Roman Empire (1626–1629)	Truce of Altmark, Livonia ceded to Sweden
De la Gardie campaign (1542–1543) Location: Russia	Sweden Tsardom of Russia	Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth False Dmitry II	Polish-Lithuanian Victory
Ingrian War (1610–1617)[3] Location: Russia	Sweden Swedish Empire	Tsardom of Russia	Treaty of Stolbovo, Ingria ceded to Sweden

Swedish Empire (1611–1721)

Conflict	Sweden & its Allies	Sweden's opposition	Outcome
Kalmar War (1611–1613)[3] Location: Scandinavia	Swedish Empire	Denmark-Norway	Treaty of Knäred, Dano-Norwegian victory
Thirty Years' War (1618–1648)[3] Location: Sweden	Anti-Imperial alliance: prior to 1635[note 2] Kingdom of Bohemia Swedish Empire Palatinate Savoy Transylvania[note 3] Dutch Republic Denmark–Norway Heilbronn League Hesse-Kassel Brandenburg-Prussia Saxony Post-1635 Peace of Prague France Swedish Empire Dutch Republic Hesse-Kassel	Imperial alliance prior to 1635[note 4] Habsburg Monarchy Spanish Empire Bavaria Catholic League Post-1635 Peace of Prague Holy Roman Empire Spanish Empire Denmark–Norway	Peace of Westphalia France annexes Décapole and Upper Alsace[9] Sweden obtains Wolin and Western Pomerania[10] Brandenburg-Prussia obtains Eastern Pomerania[10]
Torstenson War (1643–1645)[3] Location: Denmark-Norway, Swedish Empire	Swedish Empire Dutch Republic	Denmark-Norway Holy Roman Empire	Swedish/Dutch victory Second Treaty of Brömsebro (1645) Jämtland, Härjedalen, Idre, Särna, Gotland, Saaremaa and Halland become Swedish territories
First Bremian War (1654)[3] Location: Bremen	Swedish Empire	Bremen (1654)	First Stade Recess, Bremen pays homage to Sweden
Second Northern War (1655–1660)[3] Location: Denmark–Norway, Swedish Empire, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Swedish colonies in North America	Swedish Empire Brandenburg-Prussia (1656–57) Principality of Transylvania Ukrainian Cossacks (1657)[11] Grand Duchy of Lithuania Wallachia Moldavia	Poland (Poland-Lithuania) Denmark–Norway (1657–60) Habsburg Monarchy Moscow Tsardom (1656–58) Crimean Khanate Brandenburg-Prussia (1655–56, 1657–60) Duchy of Courland (1656–58) Dutch Republic	Swedish victory against Denmark-Norway Dutch victory in North America Swedish invasion of Poland-Lithuania unsuccessful
Second Bremian War (1666)[3] Location: Bremen	Swedish Empire	Bremen (1654/66) Electorate of Cologne (1666) Brunswick-Lüneburg (Celle) (1666) Denmark-Norway (1666) Electorate of Brandenburg (1666) Dutch Republic (1666)	Treaty of Habenhausen, Conflicting Results
War of Devolution (24 May 1667 – 2 May 1668)[3] Location: Spanish Netherlands Franche-Comté Northern Catalonia	Spanish Empire Triple Alliance: Dutch Republic Kingdom of England Swedish Empire	France	Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1668) Armentières, Bergues, Charleroi, Kortrijk, Douai, Veurne, Lille, Oudenaarde and Tournai to France
Scanian War (1675–1679)[3] Location: Scandinavia, Europe	Swedish Empire Kingdom of France	Denmark-Norway Dutch Republic Brandenburg-Prussia Holy Roman Empire	Treaty of Fontainebleau (1679) Treaty of Lund (1679) Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1679) Sweden restores their territories in Pomerania
Nine Years' War (1654)[3] Location: Bremen	Grand Alliance: Dutch Republic England Holy Roman Empire Spanish Empire Duchy of Savoy Portuguese Empire Swedish Empire (until 1691)	France[12]	Treaty of Ryswick
Great Northern War (22 February 1700 – 10 September 1721)[3] Location: Northern Europe Central Europe Eastern Europe	Swedish Empire Holstein-Gottorp (1700–20) Warsaw Confederation (1704–09) Ottoman Empire (1710–14) Crimean Khanate (1710–14) Wallachia (1710–14) Cossack Hetmanate (1708–14) Dutch Republic (1700) England (1700) Scotland (1700) Ireland (1700) Great Britain (1719–20)	Tsardom of Russia Cossack Hetmanate Kalmyk Khanate Saxony (1700–06, 1709–19) Duchy of Courland (1700–01) Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1701–04, 1709–19) Sandomierz Confederation (1704–09) Denmark–Norway (1700, 1709–20) Prussia (1715–20) Hanover (1715–19) Great Britain (1717–19) Montenegro (1711–12) Moldavia (1711)	Coalition victory: The Tsardom of Russia establishes itself as a new power in Europe Decline of the Swedish Empire and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Treaty of Nystad: Russia gains the three dominions Estonia, Livonia and Ingria as well as parts of Kexholm and Viborg. Treaties of Stockholm: Prussia gains parts of Swedish Pomerania; Hanover gains Bremen-Verden. Treaty of Frederiksborg: Holstein–Gottorp loses its part of the Duchy of Schleswig to Denmark. Treaty of the Pruth: Azov area is ceded back to the Ottoman Empire. Russia demolishes strategic castles such as Taganrog. Charles XII of Sweden gets safe passage from Turkey to Sweden in 1711.

Age of Liberty (1718–1772)

Conflict	Sweden & its Allies	Sweden's opposition	Outcome
Russo-Swedish War (1741–1743)[3] Location: Finland, Russia	Sweden	Russian Empire	Russian victory Treaty of Turku
Pomeranian War (13 September 1757 – 22 May 1762)[3] Location: Swedish Pomerania, Prussian Pomerania, Brandenburg, Mecklenburg-Schwerin	Sweden Russian Empire	Prussia	Prussian victory Treaty of Hamburg Prussian victory[13] Status quo ante bellum

Gustavian era (1772-1809)

Conflict	Sweden & its Allies	Sweden's opposition	Outcome
Russo-Swedish War (1788–1790)[3] Location: Finland, Baltic Sea, Sweden	Sweden	Russian Empire Denmark-Norway(1788-1789)[14]	Status quo ante bellum
First Barbary War (May 10, 1801 – June 10, 1805)[3] Location: Off the Mediterranean coast of Tripoli; Derna	United States Sweden (1801–02) Sicily[15][16]	Tripolitania Morocco (1802)[17][18]	Peace Treaty
Franco-Swedish War (31 October 1805 – 6 January 1810)[3] Location: Swedish Pomerania	Sweden United Kingdom Prussia Co-belligerents: Russian Empire (–1807) Austrian Empire Saxony	French Empire Spain Holland Co-belligerents: Russian Empire (1808–09) Denmark–Norway (1808–09)	French victory Treaty of Paris Sweden regains Swedish Pomerania Sweden integrates the Continental System
Finnish War (21 February 1808 – 17 September 1809)[3] Location: Scandinavia	Sweden Supported by: United Kingdom	Russian Empire Co-belligerent: Denmark–Norway (The Dano-Swedish War) Supported by: French Empire	Russian victory Treaty of Fredrikshamn
Dano-Swedish War of 1808–1809 (1808–1809) Location: Scandinavia	Sweden Co-belligerent: United Kingdom (Gunboat War)	Denmark–Norway Co-belligerent: Russian Empire (Finnish War) Supported by: French Empire	Status quo ante bellum

Kingdom of Sweden (1809-1814)

Conflict	Sweden & its Allies	Sweden's opposition	Outcome
Anglo-Swedish War (1810–1812)[3] Location: N/A	Sweden	United Kingdom	Status quo ante bellum
War of the Sixth Coalition (3 March 1813 – 30 May 1814)[3] Location: Central and Eastern Europe, France, Italy	Original coalition Russia Prussia United Kingdom Mecklenburg-Schwerin Portugal Sardinia Sicily Spain Sweden After the Armistice of Pläswitz Austria Bavaria After the Battle of Leipzig Baden Liechtenstein Netherlands Württemberg After January 1814 Denmark	France Duchy of Warsaw[note 5] Italy Naples Until January 1814 Confederation of the Rhine (many member states defected after Battle of Leipzig) Denmark–Norway	Coalition victory Treaty of Fontainebleau, Treaty of Kiel and First Treaty of Paris Bourbon Restoration, with Napoleon defeated and exiled to Elba Various territorial changes Dissolution of Denmark-Norway Beginning of the Congress of Vienna Hostilities resume with the return of Napoleon to power in 1815
Swedish–Norwegian War (1814)[3] Location: Norway	Sweden Supported by: United Kingdom (naval blockade)	Norway	Swedish victory Convention of Moss Norway entered a personal union with Sweden. Swedish approval of the Norwegian Constitution Christian Frederik abandoned all claims to the Norwegian crown

United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway (1814-1905)

Conflict	Sweden & its Allies	Sweden's opposition	Outcome
Hundred Days (1815) Location: France	United Kingdom Prussia Austria Kingdom of France Netherlands Brunswick Hanover Nassau Württemberg Tuscany Russia Baden Bavaria Denmark Liechtenstein Kingdom of Portugal Sardinia Saxony Sicily Spain Sweden-Norway Switzerland	France Naples	Coalition victory Second Treaty of Paris End of the Napoleonic Wars Second exile of Napoleon (to the island of Saint Helena) and second Bourbon Restoration Beginning of the Concert of Europe
First Schleswig War (1848-1851) Location: Schleswig and Jutland	Denmark Swedish-Norwegian volunteers Supported by: Russian Empire United Kingdom Sweden-Norway France	German Confederation Schleswig Holstein Prussia Kingdom of Saxony Kingdom of Hanover Mecklenburg-Schwerin	Danish victory Armistice of Malmö London Protocol Second Schleswig War (1864)
Second Schleswig War (1864) Location: Schleswig and Jutland Pre-war actions in Holstein and Lauenburg	Kingdom of Denmark Danish Iceland Swedish volunteers	Kingdom of Prussia Austrian Empire 1863 actions: German Confederation Kingdom of Prussia Austrian Empire Kingdom of Saxony Kingdom of Hanover	Austro-Prussian victory Treaty of Vienna Denmark surrenders control over Schleswig, Holstein and Lauenburg to Prussia and Austria

Kingdom of Sweden (1905-present)

Conflict	Sweden & its Allies	Sweden's opposition	Outcome
Invasion of Åland (1918) Location: Åland	Central Powers: Germany Whites Sweden	Soviet Russia Reds	Åland Islands dispute
Congo Crisis 5 July 1960 – 25 November 1965 Location: Republic of the Congo	1960–1963: Congo-Léopoldville Supported by: Soviet Union (1960) ONUC[19][20] India Sweden Ireland Ethiopia Canada Malaya UAS Nigeria Argentina Australia Brazil Burma Norway Denmark Ceylon Indonesia Iran Philippines Italy Liberia Morocco Tunisia Netherlands Pakistan Sierra Leone Sudan United Arab Republic Yugoslavia 1964–1965: Congo-Léopoldville United States Belgium Supported by: ONUC (1964)	1960–1963: Katanga South Kasai Supported by:[note 6] Belgium South Africa France Portugal CAF 1960–1962: Congo-Stanleyville Supported by: Soviet Union 1964–1965: Kwilu and Simba rebels Supported by: Soviet Union China Cuba	The Congo established as an independent unitary state under the de facto dictatorship of Mobutu Sese Seko.
Vietnam War 1 November 1955 – 30 April 1975 (1975-04-30) (19 years, 5 months, 4 weeks and 1 day)[note 7][26] Location: South Vietnam, North Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, South China Sea, Gulf of Thailand	North Vietnam Viet Cong and PRG Pathet Lao Khmer Rouge GRUNK (1970–1975) People's Republic of China Soviet Union North Korea Supported by: Czechoslovakia East Germany Poland Romania Hungary Bulgaria Cuba Sweden[27]	South Vietnam United States South Korea Australia New Zealand Laos Cambodia (1967–1970) Khmer Republic (1970–1975) Thailand Philippines Supported by: Republic of China[28] Malaysia[29][30] Singapore[28] Canada[31] Spain[32]	North Vietnamese and Viet Cong/PRG victory Withdrawal of U.S. coalition's forces from Vietnam in 1973 Communist forces take power in South Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos Reunification of Vietnam Start of the boat people and refugee crises Start of the Cambodian genocide and the Third Indochina War
Gulf War Location: N/A	Kuwait United States United Kingdom Saudi Arabia Egypt France Coalition: Afghanistan[33] Syria[34] Morocco Oman Pakistan Canada United Arab Emirates Qatar Bangladesh Italy Australia Netherlands Niger Philippines Sweden Turkey[35] Argentina Senegal Spain Bahrain Belgium Poland South Korea Singapore Norway Czechoslovakia Greece Denmark[36] New Zealand Hungary	Iraq Republic of Kuwait (Iraqi puppet state) Supported by: Libya Sudan Yemen PLO	Coalition victory Iraqi forces expelled from Kuwait Kuwaiti independence restored Destruction of Iraqi and Kuwaiti infrastructure Shia and Kurdish uprisings against the Iraqi government Saddam Hussein regime of the Iraqi Baathist government retains power in Iraq UN sanctions against Iraq Iraqi no-fly zones established United Nations Security Council Resolution 687 establishes cease-fire terms, beginning of the Iraq disarmament controversies State of Kuwait restored Iraqi Kurdistan obtains autonomy, establishment of the northern Iraq no fly zone by the US'
Operation Deliberate Force (30 August – 20 September 1995) Location: Bosnia and Herzegovina	NATO France Germany Italy Netherlands Spain Turkey United Kingdom United States UNPROFOR (Sweden was a part of UNPROFOR)	Republika Srpska	Strategic NATO victory Bosnian Serbs return to negotiations
War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) Location: Afghanistan	ISAF/RS phase (from 2001): Islamic Republic of Afghanistan ISAF (2001–2015) United States United Kingdom Canada Australia Italy Germany Georgia Jordan Turkey Bulgaria Poland Romania Spain Czech Republic North Macedonia Denmark Armenia Azerbaijan Finland France Croatia Hungary Norway Lithuania Mongolia UAE Belgium Portugal Slovakia Netherlands Montenegro Latvia Sweden Albania Ukraine Bosnia and Herzegovina Greece Ireland Iceland Estonia Malaysia Slovenia Austria Switzerland Bahrain El Salvador Luxembourg New Zealand South Korea Tonga Singapore Resolute Support (from 2015)[37]	ISAF/RS phase (from 2001): Taliban Islamic Jihad Union[38] Haqqani network[39] (from 2002) al-Qaeda (al-Qaeda in the Indian Subcontinent (AQIS))[40] Taliban splinter groups Fidai Mahaz (from 2013) Mullah Dadullah Front (from 2012)[41] IEHCA loyal to Muhammad Rasul (from 2015)[42][43] Supported by: Hezb-e-Islami Gulbuddin (until 2016) Islamic Jihad Union[44] (from 2002) Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (until 2015) Turkistan Islamic Party Lashkar-e-Jhangvi[45] Pakistani Taliban[46] Lashkar-e-Islam Iran (allegedly)[47][48] Russia (allegedly)[49] Pakistan (allegedly)[50][51] Saudi Arabia (allegedly)[52] China (allegedly)[53] RS phase (from 2015): ISIL–KP[54] IMU[55]	Defeat Overthrow of the Taliban governed Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan on 17 December 2001 Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan 2004 Afghan presidential election Coalition failure to quell Taliban insurgency since 2006[56][57][58] Doha Agreement (2020) Withdrawal of U.S forces from Afghanistan Taliban retake Kabul
First Libyan Civil War Location: Libya	Anti-Gaddafi forces National Liberation Army National Transitional Council Islamic Fighting Group Anti-Gaddafi tribes[59][60][61][62][63] Foreign mercenaries (alleged)[64][65] Qatar[61][62][63] Enforcing UNSC Resolution 1973: NATO NATO members Belgium Bulgaria Canada Denmark France Italy Netherlands Norway[66] Portugal Romania Spain Turkey United Kingdom United States Other countries Jordan[67] Sweden United Arab Emirates[68] Minor border clashes: Tunisia Arms suppliers: Egypt Moldova[69] Switzerland[70]	Libyan Jamahiriya Libyan Armed Forces Paramilitary forces Pro-Gaddafi tribes[59][60][71] Foreign mercenaries (alleged)[72][73][74][75][76]	Rebel victory Overthrow and collapse of the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Death of Muammar Gaddafi and end of his rule over Libya Assumption of interim control by National Transitional Council; remains in power until August 8, 2012 UN authorisation of NATO military intervention Diplomatic recognition of NTC as sole governing authority for Libya by 105 countries, UN, EU, AL and AU Factional violence leading to another civil war in 2014[77] Rise and spread of Salafism in Libya[78]Status quo ante bellum
Mali War (16 January 2012 – Present) Location: Northern Mali	Government of Mali Military of Mali France ECOWAS Full list Benin[79] Burkina Faso[80] Cape Verde[81] Gambia[81] Ghana[82] Guinea[83] Guinea-Bissau[81] Ivory Coast[83] Liberia[84] Niger[85] Nigeria[86] Sierra Leone[87] Senegal[86] Togo[79] Chad[88] Burundi[89] Gabon[90] South Africa[91] Rwanda[91] Tanzania[91] Uganda[92] China[93] Germany[94] Sweden[95] Estonia[96] Egypt[97] United Kingdom[98] Supported by: Full list Algeria Angola[99] Australia[100] Bangladesh[101] Belgium[102] Bulgaria Cambodia Canada[103][104] Comoros[105] Czech Republic[106] Denmark[107][108] European Union[109][110] Germany[111][112] Hungary[113][114] India[115][116][117][118][119] Ireland[120] Italy[121] Japan[122] Mauritania Morocco Namibia[123] Nepal Netherlands[124] Norway Poland Portugal Romania[125] Spain[126][127] Turkey Ukraine United Arab Emirates[128] United Kingdom[129] United States[130] Non-state combatants: Ganda Iso FLNA[131][132] MSA (from 2016) GATIA (from 2014)	* National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA) Islamic Movement of Azawad (MIA)[133] Al-Qaeda Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin (2017–present) Al-Mourabitoun (2013–17) Ansar al-Sharia (2012–present) Ansar Dine (2012–17)[134] AQIM (2012–17) Macina Liberation Front (2015–17)[135] MOJWA (2011–13)[136][137] Nigerian jihadist volunteers Boko Haram (2012–13)[138] Ansaru (2012–13)[138] Islamic State Islamic State in the Greater Sahara	Ongoing

Notes

Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth after July 1569.[6]
States that fought against the Emperor at some point between 1618 to 1635
"into line with army of Gabriel Bethlen in 1620"[8]
States that allied at some point between 1618 to 1635
Duchy of Warsaw as a state was in effect fully occupied by Russian and Prussian forces by May 1813, although most Poles remained loyal to Napoleon.
None of the supporters ever officially recognised either of the two states.[21]
Due to the early presence of U.S. troops in Vietnam the start date of the Vietnam War is a matter of debate. In 1998, after a high level review by the Department of Defense (DoD) and through the efforts of Richard B. Fitzgibbon's family the start date of the Vietnam War according to the US government was officially changed to 1 November 1955.[22] U.S. government reports currently cite 1 November 1955 as the commencement date of the "Vietnam Conflict", because this date marked when the U.S. Military Assistance Advisory Group (MAAG) in Indochina (deployed to Southeast Asia under President Truman) was reorganized into country-specific units and MAAG Vietnam was established.[23]^: 20 Other start dates include when Hanoi authorized Viet Cong forces in South Vietnam to begin a low-level insurgency in December 1956,[24] whereas some view 26 September 1959, when the first battle occurred between the Viet Cong and the South Vietnamese army, as the start date.[25]

References

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Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj (Profiles of Malaysia's Foreign Ministers) (PDF). Institute of Diplomacy and Foreign Relations (IDFR), Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Malaysia). 2008. p. 31. ISBN 978-983-2220-26-8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 October 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2015. The Tunku had been personally responsible for Malaya's partisan support of the South Vietnamese regime in its fight against the Vietcong and, in reply to a Parliamentary question on 6 February 1962, he had listed all the used weapons and equipment of the Royal Malaya Police given to Saigon. These included a total of 45,707 single-barrel shotguns, 611 armoured cars and smaller numbers of carbines and pistols. Writing in 1975, he revealed that "we had clandestinely been giving 'aid' to Vietnam since early 1958. Published American archival sources now reveal that the actual Malaysian contributions to the war effort in Vietnam included the following: "over 5,000 Vietnamese officers trained in Malaysia; training of 150 U.S. soldiers in handling Tracker Dogs; a rather impressive list of military equipment and weapons given to Viet-Nam after the end of the Malaysian insurgency (for example, 641 armored personnel carriers, 56,000 shotguns); and a creditable amount of civil assistance (transportation equipment, cholera vaccine, and flood relief)". It is undeniable that the Government's policy of supporting the South Vietnamese regime with arms, equipment and training was regarded by some quarters, especially the Opposition parties, as a form of interfering in the internal affairs of that country and the Tunku's valiant efforts to defend it were not convincing enough, from a purely foreign policy standpoint.
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Miller, Judith. "Syria Plans to Double Gulf Force." The New York Times, 27 March 1991.
Haberman, Clyde; Times, Special To the New York (20 January 1991). "WAR IN THE GULF: Turkey; Turkey's Role in Air Assault Sets Off Fear of Retaliation (Published 1991)" – via NYTimes.com.
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"News – Resolute Support Mission". Retrieved 4 October 2015.
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Молдова продала оружие ливийским террористам — point, 14 ноября 2013
Швейцарское оружие оказалось в руках ливийских повстанцев — Наша газета, 29 июля 2011
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This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[7] Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth after July 1569.[6]

[9] States that fought against the Emperor at some point between 1618 to 1635

[11] "into line with army of Gabriel Bethlen in 1620"[8]

[12] States that allied at some point between 1618 to 1635

[23] Duchy of Warsaw as a state was in effect fully occupied by Russian and Prussian forces by May 1813, although most Poles remained loyal to Napoleon.

[27] None of the supporters ever officially recognised either of the two states.[21]

[start_date-32] Due to the early presence of U.S. troops in Vietnam the start date of the Vietnam War is a matter of debate. In 1998, after a high level review by the Department of Defense (DoD) and through the efforts of Richard B. Fitzgibbon's family the start date of the Vietnam War according to the US government was officially changed to 1 November 1955.[22] U.S. government reports currently cite 1 November 1955 as the commencement date of the "Vietnam Conflict", because this date marked when the U.S. Military Assistance Advisory Group (MAAG) in Indochina (deployed to Southeast Asia under President Truman) was reorganized into country-specific units and MAAG Vietnam was established.[23]^: 20 Other start dates include when Hanoi authorized Viet Cong forces in South Vietnam to begin a low-level insurgency in December 1956,[24] whereas some view 26 September 1959, when the first battle occurred between the Viet Cong and the South Vietnamese army, as the start date.[25]

[1] Thunberg, Carl L. (2012). Slaget på Fyrisvallarna i ny tolkning (The Battle of Fýrisvellir in a New Interpretation). Retrieved 2021-01-05.

[:1-2] "The Chronicle of Novgorod" (PDF). London Offices of the Society, 1914. Retrieved 5 April 2016.

[Sundberg-3] Sundberg, Ulf (2010). Sveriges Krig, 1448–1814. SMB. ISBN 978-91-85789-62-7.

[4] Norwegian nobles supported, fought and send troops to aid in the war.

[5] Norwegian Catholic nobles supported Christian II.

[Lukowski-6] Lukowski, Jerzy; Zawadzki, Hubert (2001). A Concise History of Poland (1st ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 63–64. ISBN 9780521559171.

[FOOTNOTELiptai1984[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_June_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i>[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(June_2021)">page&nbsp;needed</span>]]</i>&#93;</sup>-8] Liptai 1984, p. .

[10] Várkonyi, Ágnes (1999). Age of the Reforms. Magyar Könyvklub. ISBN 963-547-070-3.

[FOOTNOTECroxton2013225–226-13] Croxton 2013, pp. 225–226.

[FOOTNOTEHeitzRischer1995232-14] Heitz & Rischer 1995, p. 232.

[15] Hrushevsky (2003), pp. 327ff.

[FOOTNOTEKohn2000186-16] Kohn 2000, p. 186.

[Aretin632-17] Aretin, Karl Otmar (1997). Das Reich und der österreichisch-preußische Dualismus (1745–1806). Das Alte Reich. Vol. 3. Klett Cotta. p. 632. ISBN 3-608-91398-X.

[18] Zentrale Für Unterrichtsmedien. "The Swedish-Russian War of 1788–1790". Zentrale Für Unterrichtsmedien. Zentrale Für Unterrichtsmedien (ZUM). Retrieved 18 November 2011.

[19] "Tripolitan War". Encyclopedia.com (from The Oxford Companion to American Military History). 2000. Retrieved 11 February 2017.

[VeteranMuseum-20] "War with the Barbary Pirates (Tripolitan War)". veteranmuseum.org. Retrieved 11 February 2017.

[21] Joseph Wheelan (21 September 2004). Jefferson's War: America's First War on Terror 1801–1805. PublicAffairs. pp. 128–. ISBN 978-0-7867-4020-8.

[22] Tucker, Spencer C. (2014). The Encyclopedia of the Wars of the Early American Republic, 1783–1812: A Political, Social, and Military History [3 volumes]: A Political, Social, and Military History. ABC-CLIO. p. 430. ISBN 978-1-59884-157-2.

[FOOTNOTEHaskin200524–5-24] Haskin 2005, pp. 24–5.

[25] "ONUC - Facts and Figures". peacekeeping.un.org. Retrieved 19 June 2021.

[FOOTNOTENugent200497-26] Nugent 2004, p. 97.

[28] "Name of Technical Sergeant Richard B. Fitzgibbon to be added to the Vietnam Veterans Memorial". Department of Defense (DoD). Archived from the original on 20 October 2013.

[Lawrence-29] Lawrence, A.T. (2009). Crucible Vietnam: Memoir of an Infantry Lieutenant. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-4517-2.

[FOOTNOTEOlsonRoberts200867-30] Olson & Roberts 2008, p. 67.

[WarBegan-31] "Chapter 5, Origins of the Insurgency in South Vietnam, 1954–1960". The Pentagon Papers (Gravel Edition), Volume 1. Boston: Beacon Press. 1971. Section 3, pp. 314–346 – via International Relations Department, Mount Holyoke College.

[mtholyoke.edu-33] The Paris Agreement on Vietnam: Twenty-five Years Later (Conference Transcript). Washington, DC: The Nixon Center. April 1998. Retrieved 5 September 2012 – via International Relations Department, Mount Holyoke College.

[34] Logevall, Fredrik (1993). "The Swedish-American Conflict over Vietnam". Diplomatic History. 17 (3): 421–445. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7709.1993.tb00589.x. JSTOR 24912244. Retrieved 29 July 2021.

[UONC-35] Moise, Edwin E. (1996). Tonkin Gulf and the Escalation of the Vietnam War. Univ of North Carolina Press. pp. 3–4. ISBN 978-0-8078-2300-2.

[36] "Chapter Three: 1957–1969 Early Relations between Malaysia and Vietnam" (PDF). University of Malaya Student Repository. p. 72. Retrieved 17 October 2015.

[37] Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj (Profiles of Malaysia's Foreign Ministers) (PDF). Institute of Diplomacy and Foreign Relations (IDFR), Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Malaysia). 2008. p. 31. ISBN 978-983-2220-26-8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 October 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2015. The Tunku had been personally responsible for Malaya's partisan support of the South Vietnamese regime in its fight against the Vietcong and, in reply to a Parliamentary question on 6 February 1962, he had listed all the used weapons and equipment of the Royal Malaya Police given to Saigon. These included a total of 45,707 single-barrel shotguns, 611 armoured cars and smaller numbers of carbines and pistols. Writing in 1975, he revealed that "we had clandestinely been giving 'aid' to Vietnam since early 1958. Published American archival sources now reveal that the actual Malaysian contributions to the war effort in Vietnam included the following: "over 5,000 Vietnamese officers trained in Malaysia; training of 150 U.S. soldiers in handling Tracker Dogs; a rather impressive list of military equipment and weapons given to Viet-Nam after the end of the Malaysian insurgency (for example, 641 armored personnel carriers, 56,000 shotguns); and a creditable amount of civil assistance (transportation equipment, cholera vaccine, and flood relief)". It is undeniable that the Government's policy of supporting the South Vietnamese regime with arms, equipment and training was regarded by some quarters, especially the Opposition parties, as a form of interfering in the internal affairs of that country and the Tunku's valiant efforts to defend it were not convincing enough, from a purely foreign policy standpoint.

[38] Boyko, John (9 April 2021). "Canada is making the same mistakes in Yemen that it did in Vietnam". The Globe and Mail. Toronto. Retrieved 29 July 2021.

[39] Marin, Paloma (9 April 2012). "Spain's secret support for US in Vietnam". El Pais. Madrid. Retrieved 29 July 2021.

[40] "DESERT SHIELD AND DESERT STORM A CHRONOLOGY AND TROOP LIST FOR THE 1990–1991 PERSIAN GULF CRISIS" (PDF). apps.dtic.mil. Retrieved 2018-12-18.

[nyt-syria-double-41] Miller, Judith. "Syria Plans to Double Gulf Force." The New York Times, 27 March 1991.

[42] Haberman, Clyde; Times, Special To the New York (20 January 1991). "WAR IN THE GULF: Turkey; Turkey's Role in Air Assault Sets Off Fear of Retaliation (Published 1991)" – via NYTimes.com.

[43] "Den 1. Golfkrig". Forsvaret.dk. 24 September 2010. Archived from the original on 12 January 2011. Retrieved 1 February 2011.

[News_–_Resolute_Support_Mission-44] "News – Resolute Support Mission". Retrieved 4 October 2015.

[45] "Taliban storm Kunduz city". The Long War Journal. Retrieved 30 September 2015.

[longwarjournal.org-46] The Taliban's new leadership is allied with al Qaeda, The Long War Journal, 31 July 2015

[47] "Al-Qaeda operates under Taliban protection: UN report | World News – India TV".

[48] Rod Nordland (19 May 2012). "In Afghanistan, New Group Begins Campaign of Terror". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 June 2021.

[49] Rod Nordland; Jawad Sukhanyar; Taimoor Shah (19 June 2017). "Afghan Government Quietly Aids Breakaway Taliban Faction". The New York Times. Retrieved 6 September 2017.

[red_on_red-50] Matthew DuPée (January 2018). "Red on Red: Analyzing Afghanistan's Intra-Insurgency Violence". Combating Terrorism Center. Retrieved 18 February 2018.

[51] "Central Asian groups split over leadership of global jihad". The Long War Journal. 24 August 2015. Retrieved 27 August 2015.

[52] "Who is Lashkar-e-Jhangvi?". Voanews.com. 25 October 2016. Retrieved 2 June 2017.

[53] "ISIS 'OUTSOURCES' TERROR ATTACKS TO THE PAKISTANI TALIBAN IN AFGHANISTAN: U.N. REPORT". Newsweek. 15 August 2017.

[54] "Report: Iran pays $1,000 for each U.S. soldier killed by the Taliban". NBC News. 9 May 2010.

[55] Tabatabai, Ariane M. (9 August 2019). "Iran's cooperation with the Taliban could affect talks on U.S. withdrawal from Afghanistan". The Washington Post.

[56] Martinez, Luis (10 July 2020). "Top Pentagon officials say Russian bounty program not corroborated". ABC News.

[57] Shams, Shamil (4 March 2020). "US-Taliban deal: How Pakistan's 'Islamist support' finally paid off". Deutsche Welle.

[58] Jamal, Umair (23 May 2020). "Understanding Pakistan's Take on India-Taliban Talks". The Diplomat.

[59] "Saudis Bankroll Taliban, Even as King Officially Supports Afghan Government". The New York Times. 12 June 2016.

[60] "China offered Afghan militants bounties to attack US soldiers: reports". Deutsche Welle. 31 December 2020.

[find_sanctuary-61] Seldin, Jeff (18 November 2017). "Afghan Officials: Islamic State Fighters Finding Sanctuary in Afghanistan". VOA News. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 18 November 2017.

[IMU_joins_ISIL-62] "Uzbek militants in Afghanistan pledge allegiance to ISIS in beheading video". khaama.com.

[63] "Afghan fears rise as US ends its longest war". BBC News. October 20, 2020.

[64] "Why America failed in Afghanistan". The Week.

[65] "What America Didn't Understand About Its Longest War". www.politico.com.

[tribewsj-66] Dagher, Sam (21 June 2011). "Libya City Torn by Tribal Feud". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 26 July 2011.

[tribespiegel-67] Von Rohr, Mathieu (26 July 2011). "Tribal Rivalries Complicate Libyan War". Der Spiegel. Retrieved 26 July 2011.

[Al_Jazeera-68] "NTC asks NATO to extend Libya presence". Al Jazeera. 26 October 2011. Retrieved 26 October 2011.

[bbc.co.uk-69] "Libya's Mustafa Abdul Jalil asks Nato to stay longer". BBC. 26 October 2011. Retrieved 4 November 2011.

[Black-70] Black, Ian (26 October 2011). "Qatar admits sending hundreds of troops to support Libya rebels". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 20 November 2011.

[71] "На решающий штурм Бени-Валида посылают афганских наемников -". argumentiru.com. Retrieved 18 July 2020.

[72] "Старший сын Каддафи утверждает, что в Триполи воюют подразделения НАТО и наемники". 23 August 2011. Retrieved 18 July 2020.

[73] "Last Libyan Mission for Norway's F16S To Fly Tomorrow". Agenzia Giornalistica Italia. 29 July 2011. Archived from the original on 23 November 2012. Retrieved 11 August 2011.

[74] "Jordanian Fighters Protecting Aid Mission". The Jordan Times. 6 April 2011. Retrieved 6 April 2011.

[75] "UAE Updates Support to UN Resolution 1973". Emirates News Agency. 25 March 2011. Retrieved 26 March 2011.

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[FOOTNOTEComolli201528,_103,_171-145] Comolli (2015), pp. 28, 103, 171.

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