Shershabadia

The word Shershabadia (from Persian: شیرشاه‌آبادیا) literally means (the language and/or the people) of the land known as Shershahabad. The term is derived from the community's place of origin; a pargana known as Shershahabad, which was later corrupted into Shershabad. Located in the Bengal region, Shershahabad comprised the parts of southern Malda and northern Murshidabad.[1] Shershahabad was named after the 16th-century emperor Sher Shah of the Sur dynasty.

The Shershabadia community originated from the erstwhile Shershahabad paragana which comprised Southern Malda and Northern Murshidabad.[1][3]

From Malda and Murshidabad they migrated upwards along the river-stream and scattered into the various regions of Eastern Bihar and Northern Bengal. The cause of migration is thought to be due to the oppression of British Government for their engagement in the anti-British activities and the erosion of the Ganges along the left and right banks.[3]

Towards the beginning of the 20th century, a large number of Shershabadias of Murshidabad gradually migrated to Malda along the upward river-stream of the Ganges to settle in the chars and diyaras due to the erosion of the west bank of the Ganges.[4]

They participated in the anti-British activities under the banner of Wahabi movement in the mid nineteenth century. They established several anti-British outposts across the district of Malda and adjoining regions. Freedom fighters, funds, ammunitions etc. were collected from wide areas by boat through river ways and were gathered at first in Narayanpur centre and then forwarded to Patna centre by board and ultimately supplied systematically to Sittana, the battlefield of the North-West Frontiers. They developed systematic collections of Zakat, Osor, Fitre, and other voluntary subscriptions from these areas.[3] They also invented a new system of collecting fund, i.e. "Mutthi". This system was invented by the Patna Kalif for the cause of developing fund to launch anti-British Movement.[5]

They were engaged in anti-British activities under leaders such as Maulana Rafi Mondal, Moulavi Amiruddin and Ibrahim Mondal.[3] The leaders of the movement were prosecuted in 1866 for waging war against the British Government. Moulavi Amiruddin and Ibrahim Mondal were sentenced to the exile in the Andaman Islands in the conspiracy of malda, 1870 and conspiracy of Rajmahal, 1870 respectively.[6]

During the British period, the Shershabadia were considered by the British authorities, to have criminal tendency for the involvement of some members in the anti-British movement known as Wahabi Movement, but later on deleted from the list of Criminal Tribes.[7]

The Shershabadias traditionally resides along the left and right banks of the Ganges from Rajmahal district of Jharkhand upto Godagari region of Rajshahi district of Bangladesh. At present, they live mainly in the surrounding districts of West Bengal and Bihar namely Malda, Murshidabad, Uttar Dinajpur, Purnia, Katihar etc. Presently, after the divide of Bihar into Jharkhand, the districts of Jharkhand namely Pakur and Sahebganj are where they are found.[2] They also live in Darjeeling and Uttar Dinajpur districts of West Bengal where they migrated from Malda and Murshidabad.[8] They also live in Bangladesh in the district of Chapai-Nawabganj which was earlier a part of the pre-partition Malda district.

The Shershabadia people reportedly speak a dialect called Badia, which is a variety of the Varendri dialect of Bengali.[1] Those who reside in West Bengal and Bangladesh have knowledge of standard Bengali, and those who reside in Bihar and Jharkhand have knowledge of Hindi.

They are a community of settled agriculturist, but as their population has grown, the land ownership has been sub-divided. This has led to many becoming landless, and a growth of those in the community who are agricultural labour, day labour, teaching, business etc. This drift is aggravated also due to the river bank erosion along the Ganges which flows through the parts of the southern Malda and Northern Murshidabad.

The community entirely belongs to Sunni Muslim. The majority do not belong to any of the four recognized theological schools of Islam viz. Hanafi, Shafi'i, Maliki and Hanbali. Rather they follow all the correct call from all the four Imams and they are known as Ahl al-Hadith (strict followers of the Quran and Hadith).[3] Preaching of any Pir/ Darbesh (Muslim Saint) is not accepted of them normally. Except the prayer in funeral ground they do not perform Jiyarat (a type of prayer kindling light). As a whole they are not involved in popular Muharram but some of them are remain on fasting throughout the day. Charham and Chalisha (observance on fourth and fortieth day after death) are not performed in Shershabadia Community.[2]

They live in the organised settlements of there own in a para or village. Few households from the same area forms a Jamat or Dōsh. This Jamat is responsible for managing ceremonies related to birth, marriage and death. It also settles the familial and land disputes locally. The role of Sōrdar of the Jamat (Chief of the Community) is very important in this society.

Their females follow the system of Parda (Veil) as far as practiced. Shershabadia women are experts in stitching Kyantha/Kheta (clothes) and singing Badia Geed (songs).

Marriage is solemnised mostly at daytime. During marriages they perform the rituals like Haldi Makha, Bayna Kora, Geed Gaha, Thubra Khawa etc.[1]

Their traditional food items include Kalayer uti/ruti, Ayaikhar Khir, Pantabhat, Jalbhat, Andhasa/Adarsa, Chityai/Chitua Pitha etc.[1]

• Shaikh of Bihar
• Bedia (tribe)