Robert Wormeley Carter

The son and principal heir of Landon Carter (who represented Richmond County part-time in the House of Burgesses for more than a decade and then became a leading advocate of independence before his death in 1778) and his first wife, the former Elizabeth Wormeley (1713-1740) was born at his father's seat, Sabine Hall, into the First Families of Virginia. His paternal grandfather Robert Carter was nicknamed "King Carter" in his lifetime because of his wealth and political influence, which include many years as Speaker of the House of Burgesses, followed by years on the Governor's Council (including two stints as the colony's acting governor). His maternal grandfather, John Wormeley, was likewise a planter from a long-powerful family, although four generations of its burgesses were named "Ralph". His birth family included two younger brothers, Landon Carter II (1738-1801) and John Carter (1739-1789) (both of whom became planters in Prince William County), and a sister, Elizabeth Wormeley Carter (1739-1778) who married Nelson Berkeley of Hanover County (1739-1787) (son of a burgess). His father remarried twice, both to young women who bore daughters shortly before their own deaths. Maria Byrd Carter bore Maria Carter (1744-1817, who married Robert Beverley of Essex County), and Elizabeth Beale bore Judith Carter (1749-1836, who defied her father by marrying Reuben Beale of Madison County) and Lucy Carter, although her other daughters Fanny, Beale and Susannah (Sukie) Carter, all of whom died young.[3]

In 1756, Robert Wormeley Carter married Winifred Travers Beale (1733-1794), who bore several children who survived to adulthood. Their firstborn, Anne Beale Carter (1756-1809), married her cousin, Landon Carter (of Cleve) (1751-1811) who would briefly serve in the House of Delegates representing King George County. This man's primary heir, Landon Carter (of Sabine Hall) (1757-1820) would ultimately inherit Sabine Hall, but only served a single term in the House of Delegates. His brother George Carter (d. 1802) married his cousin Sarah Champe. Another daughter, Frances W. ("Fanny") Carter Lee (1760-1850) married Ludwell Lee, a Virginia lawyer, planter and multi-term legislator who lived in Alexandria then Loudoun County.[4]

Robert Wormeley Carter was groomed to take control of his father's extensive plantations, which were operated using enslaved labor. Although his father remarried twice after Elizabeth Wormeley's death, the senior Landon Carter survived both young wives. Moreover, after the death of his third wife, the elder Carter chose not to marry again, and lived with this son and his wife at Sabine Hall. Although Winifred Beale's father, Captain William Beale, was also a planter in Richmond County, and a relative, Billy Beale, worked as one of Col. Landon Carter's manager/overseers, Col. Carter came to detest Captain Beale. That caused difficulties in the father-son relationship, as did this man's gambling and other financial extravagances, and the activities of his personal valet (who helped eight slaves escape Sabine Hall at the start of the American Revolutionary War).[5]

While in his lifetime Col. Landon Carter was known as one of the most popular published advocates of colonial rights, he is now known as a diarist, for many of his farming/experimental journals and some of his journals concerning his legislative service survive. This son likewise kept a diary, of which 17 years survive, of mostly operational notes made on pages of a Virginia newspaper. One of those notes indicates he bought interior cabinetry for his remodeling of Sabine Hall from famed local architect William Buckland (who also worked on George Mason's Gunston Hall and John Tayloe's Mt. Airy, as well as Francis Lightfoot Lee's now-nearly destroyed Menokin estate.[6]

Robert Wormeley Carter began his political career in 1769, when he was 35 years old. Although sons of the local justices of the peace often began serving on the local court at an earlier age, his relatively late admission may have been related to his father's withdrawal from the local bench in 1762 and decision not to resume the bench in 1769, when this man began his service.[7] That year also marked the first time that Richmond County voters elected Robert Wormeley Carter as one of their representatives in the House of Burgesses. Voters continued to re-elect him and neighbor (and fellow planter) Francis Lightfoot Lee, including after Lord Dunmore suppressed the Virginia General Assembly in 1775.[8] During the American Revolutionary War, Richmond County voters elected both men as their representatives to all five Virginia Revolutionary Conventions. Although this man was not elected to the initial session of the Virginia House of Delegates, he did again represent Richmond County in that body two additional times, with a year of non-service in the same year that Francis Lightfoot Lee's election was disqualified.[9] One historian notes that in 1775 members of a nearby parish (North Farnham) petitioned for dissolution of its vestry as overly related by marriage or consanguinity, which might have led to the election of two men outside that kinship network in this county in 1776, although Francis Lightfoot Lee would soon begin service in the Continental Congress.[10]

In the 1787 state tax census, Robert Wormeley Carter paid taxes on 80 enslaved laborers and 86 enslaved children in Richmond County, as well as 26 horses, 180 other livestock and two post chaises, as well as for his son Landon, and probable overseers Griffin G. Berrick, Robert Reynolds and Henry Sisson.[11]

Carter died in 1797 and was buried at Sabine Hall, which his son Landon inherited, along with many slaves. Sabine Hall was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1969. Many of the family's papers are held by the University of Virginia library.[12] Complicating matters, grandson of the same name (1792-1861, son of his son Landon Carter, rather than his brother), but usually called Robert W. Carter would later serve multiple terms in the Virginia General Assembly.