Phoenician Adoration steles

The Phoenician Adoration steles are a number of Phoenician and Punic steles depicting the adoration gesture (orans).[1]

In Umm al-Amad, Lebanon, 23 such steles have been found. These date to between 100-400 BCE. Many of the steles contain inscriptions; these usually reference religious titles such as "priest", "chief", or "chief of gates". Of the males depicted, most images show the person in a long robe holding a bowl with an elongated handle in the shape of a naked girl considered to be the Ancient Egyptian Cosmetic Spoon: Young Girl Swimming.[1]

Baalyaton stele

The Baalyaton stele is a stele dated to 150BC found in 1900 in three parts at Umm al-Amad, Lebanon.

On the front side is a representation of a man in bas-relief, with a three-line inscription engraved below the left hand. At the top is solar disk, in Egyptian style, flanked by two uraeuses (cobras). The main portrait is full length, beardless, in a tunic down to bare feet; the open right hand stretched forward in the habitual gesture of adoration.[2]

The three line inscription is known as KI 15. The inscription has been translated as follows: “This is the memory stone of Baalyaton, son of Baalyaton hrd/b”

It is currently at the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek in Copenhagen.

  • Funerary stele with a Phoenician inscription in the National Museum of Beirut: "To Baalshamar, son of 'Abdosir... chief of the porters"[3]

Bibliography

General
  • Caubet, Annie ; Fontan, Elisabeth ; Gubel, Eric, Art phénicien : la sculpture de tradition phénicienne (Paris, Musée du Louvre), [Musée du Louvre/Département des Antiquités orientales], Paris, RMN/Snoeck, 2002, Disponible sur : M:\AO\Ouvrages numériques\Caubet-Fontan-Gubel_ArtPhénicien_2003.pdf , p. 144, n° 157
  • Maës, Antoine, « Le costume phénicien des stèles d'Umm el-'Amed », dans Lipinski, Edward (dir.), Phoenicia and the Bible, Louvain, Peeters, (Studia Phoenicia, 11), 1991, P. 209-230, p. 212-213, fig. 2
  • Maximilian F. Rönnberg, Bemerkungen zur phönizisch-punischen Priesterikonographie, Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins, Bd. 133, H. 1 (2017), pp. 84-105
  • Henrike Michelau, Hellenistische Stelen mit Kultakteuren aus Umm el-ʿAmed, Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina Vereins 130/1, 2014, 77-95
  • Henrike Michelau, Adorantendarstellungen karthagischer und phönizischer Grabstelen, in: H. Töpfer / F. Schön (ed.), Karthago-Dialoge. Karthago und der punische Mittelmeerraum – Kulturkontakte und Kulturtransfers im 1. Jahrtausend vor Christus (RessourcenKulturen, 2; Tübingen), 137–158.

Baalyaton stele (RES 250)

RES 307 (at the Louvre)

References
  1. Henrike Michelau (Tübingen), Umm el-ʿAmed: Research on the Hellenistic Commemoration Stelae, ZDPV
  2. RES 250
  3. Maximillien De Lafayette (2011). Phoenicia, Ur, and Carthage: Artifacts, Inscriptions, Slabs, Sites. p. 41. ISBN 978-1-257-83653-6.
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