Peter Barnes (Irish republican)

Peter Barnes (6 May 1907 – 7 February 1940) was born in Banagher, King's County (Offaly) and became a member of the Irish Republican Army (IRA).

Barnes along with James Mccormick (also known as James Richards), participated in the 1939 Coventry bombing which was part of the IRA's sabotage campaign in England (the S-Plan). The Coventry bombing killed five people on 25 August 1939, Barnes was arrested on that date in London.[1] Although he and McCormick admitted constructing the bomb, which was intended to be used to destroy a power station, they claimed not to be involved in planting the bomb.[2]

face photo of Peter Barnes

Another IRA man (Jobie Sullivan) claimed that he planted the bomb and that Barnes and McCormick were innocent.[3]

From the moment of his arrest until the moment of his hanging Peter Barnes protested his innocence. On the night before his execution, he wrote a letter to his sister stating: "I am an innocent man and as I have said before, it will be known yet that I am. The only thing that worries me now is the thought of my poor father and mother, but I know God will comfort them."[4] Seán MacBride, a former Chief-of-Staff for the IRA and Irish barrister, attempted to secure their release claiming they were being illegally held without a writ of habeas corpus.[5] Also charged with murder along with James McCormick were Brigid O'Hara, Joseph and Mary Hewitt, all five pleaded not guilty before the court at Birmingham Assizes.[6] Brigid O'Hara issued statements between 28 August and 4 September to Scotland Yard and Birmingham police denying any knowledge of the bombings,[7] and later provided evidence for the prosecution.[8]

Found guilty of murder on 15 December, Barnes and McCormick were hanged at Winson Green Prison in Birmingham on 7 February 1940.[9] The executions provoked a wave of protests and marches throughout Ireland, Irish flags were flown at half-mast and, through the intervention of a sympathizer, at the World's Fair in New York.[10] Their bodies were buried in the prison yard and in 1969 their remains were flown to Dublin.[11] The re-interment on 6 July 1969 in Mullingar was attended by an estimated 15,000 people.[12]

Their trial and execution resulted in a public outcry in Ireland against Neville Chamberlain and the British Government as Peadar O'Donnell and other prominent Irish writers signed a petition campaigning for leniency towards the condemned men.[13]

Further reading
  • Fairfield, Letitia. Trial of Peter Barnes and others: the I.R.A. Coventry explosion of 1939. William Hodge & Co., Ltd. 1953. ISBN 1-56169-184-4.
  • "Ireland's Latest Martyrs, Peter Barnes and James McCormack 'Richards'". Irish World. 2 March 1940.

References
  1. Dolan, Anne (n.d.). "Barnes, Peter". Dictionary of Irish Biography. Dublin: Royal Irish Academy. Retrieved 22 April 2022.
  2. Anderson, Brendan (2002). Joe Cahill: A Life in the IRA. O'Brien Press. p. 29. ISBN 0-86278-836-6.
  3. MacEoin, Uinseann (1997), The IRA in the twilight years 1923-1948, Argenta Publications, Dublin, pg 643, ISBN 0951117246
  4. O'Meara, Jonathan (10 February 2005). "Remembering Barnes and McCormick - IRA Volunteers unjustly executed 65 years ago". An Phoblacht. Retrieved 21 April 2022.
  5. Coogan, Tim Pat. On the Blanket: The Inside Story of the IRA Prisoners' "Dirty" Protest. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002. ISBN 0-312-29513-8 (p. 38).
  6. "Five Charged with Murder by Bomb". Irish Press. 12 December 1939.
  7. "Bomb Murder Charge. Belfast Woman's Statement Read". Irish Press. 13 December 1939.
  8. "Accused Man's Story in Bomb Murder Trial". Irish Press. 13 December 1939.
  9. Tarpey, Marie Veronica. The Role of Joseph McGarrity in the Struggle for Irish Independence. New York: St. John's University, 1969. (p. 331).
  10. Dolan, Dictionary of Irish Biography.
  11. "Remembering the Past: Re-interment of Barnes and McCormack". An Phoblacht. 2 July 2009. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
  12. McIntyre (15 March 2016). "Westmeath Society Commemorate Barnes And McCormick In Mullingar". The Pensive Quill (15 March 2016). Retrieved 19 April 2022.
  13. Ó Drisceoil, Donal. "Peadar O'Donnell". Cork: Cork University Press, 2001. ISBN 1-85918-310-7 (p. 107).
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