Persian embroidery

Persian embroidery is a Persian art and handicraft.[1]

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History
See also: Tiraz

It has been speculated that Persian embroidery existed from ancient times and at least from the time of the Sasanian Empire, based on numerous designs are visible on rock sculptures and silverware of that period,[2] and have been classified by Professor Ernst Herzfeld. Patterns on the coat of Chosroes II at Taq-e Bostan are in high relief; they may represent embroidery. Roundels, animals, and other familiar motifs of Sasanian art were also used as patterns for sculptures representing embroidery.

The earliest piece of physical Persian embroidery is from the Seljuk Empire (1037–1194 A.D.);[2] it featured a strong Chinese-style pattern influencing the design.[2] The Chinese style of embroidery of this time featured a satin stitch (Persian: ṭirāz) made of silk thread and was applied mainly for ornamentation purposes.[2][3]

Peculiarities

The chain stitch (Persian: gulab-duzi) was used in many types of Persian embroidery, most notably in the regional Rasht embroidery.[4] The gold and silver embroidery (Persian: malileh duzi) style flourished across Iran and was used for decorating household objects.[3] The embroidery featuring metal tinsel in tulle (Persian: naghdeh-duzi) is a common technique of the Jews of Iran.[3]

Persian embroidered women's trouserings, also known as "Gilets Persans", have rich patterns; these were in fashion until the late 18th century. It uses mostly floral motifs, especially Persian figures, animals, and patterns related to hunting. The designs are always of diagonal, parallel bands filled with floral ornamentation.

The earlier Persian embroideries are almost all of type in which the design covers the entire work. The reverse is mainly true of the later pieces, in which the plain-colored background is equally as important as the varied silks of the needlework. Earlier pieces are almost all similar in design to one or other of the many types of carpets. These are mainly worked in darning-stitch on cotton or loosely woven linen, while occasional examples are in cross-stitch or tent-stitch. Carpet-weaving was mainly done by men, and embroidery by women; members of the same family worked at both trades.

See also

References
  1. Kamali, Fattaneh Jalal; Sa'di, Batool Hassani (2016-12-15). "Role of Iranian Traditional Needlework in People's Social and Family Life: A Study of Pateh Embroidery in Kerman". Modern Applied Science. 11 (1): 253. doi:10.5539/mas.v11n1p253. ISSN 1913-1852.
  2. Wulff, Hans E. (1966). The Traditional Crafts of Persia; their Development, Technology, and Influence on Eastern and Western Civilizations. Internet Archive. Cambridge, MA: M.I.T. Press. pp. 216–218.
  3. Sarshar, Houman M. (2014-09-17). The Jews of Iran: The History, Religion and Culture of a Community in the Islamic World. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 164–165. ISBN 978-0-85772-765-7.
  4. "Hanging, 19th century". Metropolitan Museum of Art.

Further reading
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