Papyrus 45

Papyrus 45
New Testament manuscript; papyri; uncials; minuscules; lectionaries;
	Folios 13-14 with part of the Gospel of Luke
Name	P. Chester Beatty I
Sign	45
Text	Gospels, Acts
Date	c. 250
Script	Greek
Found	Egypt
Now at	Chester Beatty Library
Cite	F.G. Kenyon, The Chester Beatty Biblical Papyri (London: E. Walker), 1933
Size	30 leaves; 10 in x 8 in
Type	eclectic text-type
Category	I

Papyrus 45 ( ${\mathfrak {P}}$ ⁴⁵ or P. Chester Beatty I) is an early New Testament manuscript which is a part of the Chester Beatty Papyri. Manuscripts among the Chester Beatty Papyri have had several provenances associated with them, the most likely being the Faiyum.[1] It has been paleographically dated to the early 3rd century CE.[2] It contains verses in fragmentary form from the texts of Matthew chapters 20-21 and 25-26; Mark chapters 4-9 and 11-12; Luke chapters 6-7 and 9-14; John chapters 4-5 and 10-11; and Acts chapters 4-17.[3]^: vii The manuscript is currently housed at the Chester Beatty Library, Dublin, Ireland, except for one leaf containing Matt. 25:41-26:39 which is at the Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Vienna (Pap. Vindob. G. 31974).[4][5] In November 2020, the CSNTM in conjunction with Hendrickson Publishers released a new 1:1 high-resolution imaged facsimile edition of ${\mathfrak {P}}$ ⁴⁵ on black and white backgrounds, along with ${\mathfrak {P}}$ ⁴⁶ and ${\mathfrak {P}}$ ⁴⁷.[6]

Description

The manuscript is heavily damaged and fragmented. The papyrus was bound in a codex, which may have consisted of 220 pages, however only 30 survive (two of Matthew, six of Mark, seven of Luke, two of John, and thirteen of Acts).[7]^: 54 All of the pages have lacunae, with very few lines complete.[7]^: 54 The leaves of Matthew and John are the smallest.[7]^: 54 The original pages were roughly 10 inches by 8 inches.[7]^: 54 Unlike many of the other surviving manuscripts from the 3rd century which usually contained just the Gospels, or just the Catholic letters, or just the Pauline epistles, this manuscript possibly contained more than one grouping of New Testament texts.[7]^: 54 This hypothesis is attributed to the use of gatherings of two leaves, a single-quire that few other codices had.[7]^{: 54, fn. 5} It is unknown whether the codex was enclosed in a leather cover or one of another material.[3]^: vii

Despite the fragmentary nature, the codex has evidence of the following verses from the New Testament:

Extant Verses in ${\mathfrak {P}}$ ⁴⁵[8][9][3]^: vii
Book	Chapter and Verse(s)
Matthew	20:24-32; 21:13-19; 25:41-46; 26:1-39
Mark	4:36-40; 5:15-26, 38-43; 6:1-3, 16-25, 36-50; 7:3-15, 25-37; 8:1, 10-26, 34-38; 9:1-8, 18-31; 11:27-33; 12:1, 5-8, 13-19, 24-28
Luke	6:31-41, 45-49; 7:1-7; 9:26-41, 45-62; 10:1, 6-22, 26-42; 11:1, 6-25, 28-46, 50-54; 12:1-12, 18-37, 42-59; 13:1, 6-24, 29-35; 14:1-10, 17-33
John	4:51-54; 5:1-3, 20-25; 10:7-25, 31-42; 11:1-10, 18-36, 43-57
Acts	4:27-36; 5:1-20, 30-39; 6:7-15; 7:1-2, 10-21, 32-41, 52-60; 8:1, 14-25, 34-40; 9:1-6, 16-27, 35-43; 10:1-2, 10-23, 31-41; 11:2-14, 24-30; 12:1-5, 13-22; 13:6-16, 25-36, 46-52; 14:1-3, 15-23; 15:2-7, 19-26, 38-41; 16:1-4, 15-21, 32-40; 17:9-17

Textual character

Because of the extent of the damage, determining the text's type has been difficult for scholars. The manuscript was obtained by Alfred Chester Beatty in the first half of the 20th century, and published in The Chester Beatty Biblical Papyri, Descriptions and Texts of Twelve Manuscripts on Papyrus of the Greek Bible by Frederic G. Kenyon in 1933. In this work, Kenyon identified the text of the Gospel of Mark in 𝔓⁴⁵ as Caesarean, following the definition of Burnett Hillman Streeter.[10]^: 262 Hollis Huston criticized Kenyon's transcription of various partially surviving words, and concluded that chapters 6 and 11 of Mark in 𝔓⁴⁵ could not neatly fit into one text-type, especially not Caesarean, because the manuscript predates the distinctive texts for each type from the 4th and 5th centuries.[10]^{: 265, 268, 270–271} 𝔓⁴⁵ has a great number of singular readings.[11] On the origin of these singular readings, E. C. Colwell comments:

"As an editor the scribe of 𝔓⁴⁵ wielded a sharp axe. The most striking aspect of his style is its conciseness. The dispensable word is dispensed with. He omits adverbs, adjectives, nouns, participles, verbs, personal pronouns—without any compensating habit of addition. He frequently omits phrases and clauses. He prefers the simple to the compound word. In short, he favors brevity. He shortens the text in at least fifty places in singular readings alone. But he does not drop syllables or letters. His shortened text is readable."[12]

Text-type

𝔓⁴⁵ has a relatively close statistical relationship with W in Mark, however, and to a lesser extent Family 13. Citing Larry Hurtado's study, Text-Critical Methodology and the Pre-Caesarean Text: Codex W in the Gospel of Mark,[13] Eldon Jay Epp has agreed that there is no connection to a Caesarean or pre-Caesarean text in Mark. There is also no strong connection to the Alexandrian text of B, the Western text of D, or the Byzantine text of the Textus Receptus.[14] Another hypothesis is that 𝔓⁴⁵ comes from the Alexandrian tradition, but has many readings intended to "improve" the text stylistically, and a number of harmonizations. While still difficult to place historically in a category of texts, contrary to Kenyon, including 𝔓⁴⁵ as a representative of the Caesarean text-type has been undermined.[15]

The textual character of the manuscript varies from book to book. In Mark, multivariate analysis of apparatus data from the UBS Greek New Testament (4th ed.)[16] places 𝔓⁴⁵ in a group which includes W (for chapters 5-16), Θ, Family 1, and the minuscules 28, 205, 565; the Sinaitic Syriac, Armenian, and Georgian versions; and Origen's quotations.[17] This group corresponds to what Streeter called an "Eastern type" of the text.[18]^{: 27, 108} In Luke, an eleven-way PAM partition based on Greek manuscript data associated with the INTF's Parallel Pericopes volume[19] places the manuscript in a group with C (04), L (019), Ξ (040), 33, 892, and 1241.[20] In Acts it is closest to the Alexandrian text.

It is calculated that the codex omitted the Pericope Adulterae (John 7:53-8:11).[21]

Some notable readings

Matthew 25:41-46 in Papyrus 45

Matthew 26:34

ἀλεκτοροφωνίας: 𝔓³⁷^(vid) 𝔓⁴⁵ L ƒ¹ 2886.

ἀλέκτορα φωνῆσαι: א‎ B D W 33.

{\mathfrak {M}}

Mark 6:40

κατὰ ἑκατὸν καὶ κατὰ πεντήκοντα:

Omit. : 𝔓⁴⁵ sy^vf sy^h(ms)

Incl. : א‎ B D (ἀνὰ ἑκατὸν καὶ ἀνὰ - L Θ ƒ¹ ƒ¹³ 28. 565. 579. 700. 892. 1424.

{\mathfrak {M}}

)[22]

Mark 6:44

τοὺς ἄρτους:

Omit. : 𝔓⁴⁵ א‎ D W Θ ƒ¹ ^.13 28. 565. 700. 2542 lat cop

Incl. : A B L 33.

{\mathfrak {M}}

(c) f sy^p.h bo

Mark 6:45

εἰς τὸ πέραν:

Omit. : 𝔓⁴⁵ W ƒ¹ 118. it^q syr^s

Incl. : All other witnesses

Mark 8:12

λέγω ὑμῖν:

Omit. : 𝔓⁴⁵ W

Incl. (without ὑμῖν): B L 892. pc

Incl. (full): All other witnesses

Mark 8:15

των Ηρωδιανων: 𝔓⁴⁵ W Θ ƒ¹ ^.13 28. 565. 1365. 2542 it^i.k cop sa^mss arm geo

Ἡρῴδου: All other witnesses

Mark 8:35

ἐμοῦ καὶ:

Omit. : 𝔓⁴⁵ D 28. 700. it^{a.b.d.i.k.n.r1} syr^s arm Origen

Incl. : All other witnesses

Mark 9:27

καὶ ἀνέστη:

Omit. : 𝔓⁴⁵^(vid) W it^k.l sy^s.p

Incl. : All other witnesses

Luke 6:48

διὰ τὸ καλῶς οἰκοδομῆσθαι αὐτήν: 𝔓⁷⁵^(vid) א‎ B L W Ξ 33. 157. 579. 892. 1241. 1342. 2542 sy^hmg sa bo^pt

τεθεμελίωτο γὰρ ἐπὶ τὴν πέτραν: A C D Θ Ψ ƒ¹ ^.13 700.^c Byz latt syr^p.h cop bo^pt arm geo goth

Omit. : 𝔓⁴⁵^(vid) 700.* syr^s

Luke 11:33

οὐδὲ ὑπὸ τὸν μόδιον:

Omit. : 𝔓⁴⁵ 𝔓⁷⁵ L Γ Ξ 070 ƒ¹ 22. 69. 700.* 788. 1241. 2542 syr^s cop arm, geo

Incl. : א‎ A B C D W Θ Ψ ƒ¹³

{\mathfrak {M}}

latt sy^(c.p).h; (Cl)

Luke 11:44

γραμματεις και Φαρισαιοι υποκριται:

Omit. : 𝔓⁴⁵ 𝔓⁷⁵ א‎ B C L ƒ¹ 33. 1241. 2542 it^{a.aur.c.e.ff2.l} vg syr^s.c sa cop bo^pt arm geo

Incl. : A (D) W Θ Ψ ƒ¹³

{\mathfrak {M}}

it sy^p.h bo^pt

Luke 11:54

ινα κατηγορησωσιν αυτου:

Omit. : 𝔓⁴⁵ 𝔓⁷⁵ א‎ B L 579. 892.* 1241. 2542 syr^s.c co

Incl. : A C (D) W Θ Ψ ƒ¹ ^.13 33.

{\mathfrak {M}}

lat vg sy^(p).h

Luke 12:9

Omit. verse: 𝔓⁴⁵ it^e syr^s bo^ms

Incl. verse: All other witnesses

Luke 12:47

μὴ ἑτοιμάσας ἢ:

Omit. : 𝔓⁴⁵

Incl. : All other witnesses

John 11:7

τοῖς μαθηταῖς:

Omit. : 𝔓⁴⁵ 𝔓⁶⁶* it^e.1

Incl. : 𝔓⁶^(vid) 𝔓⁶⁶^(c) 𝔓⁷⁵ א‎ A B D K Γ Δ L W Θ Ψ 0250 ƒ¹³ 𝑙844 al lat syr co ƒ¹ 33.

{\mathfrak {M}}

John 11:25

καὶ ἡ ζωή:

Omit. : 𝔓⁴⁵ it¹ syr^s Diatessaron syr Cyprian

Incl. : All other witnesses

John 11:51

τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦ ἐκείνου:

Omit. : 𝔓⁴⁵ it^e.1 syr^s

Incl. : All other witnesses

Acts 5:37

πάντες:

Omit. : 𝔓⁴⁵ D it

Incl. : All other witnesses

Acts 8:18

το αγιον:

Omit. : א‎ A^c B sa mae

Incl. : 𝔓⁴⁵ 𝔓⁷⁴ A* C D E Ψ 33. 1739 Byz latt syr cop bo

Acts 9:17

Ἰησοῦς:

Omit. :

{\mathfrak {M}}

Incl. : 𝔓⁴⁵

{\mathfrak {P}}

⁷⁴ א‎ A B C E Ψ 33. 81. 323. 614. 945. 1175 1739

Acts 9:21

οἱ ἀκούοντες:

Omit. : 𝔓⁴⁵ 𝔓⁷⁴ Ψ* pc

Incl. : All other witnesses

Acts 9:38

δύο ἄνδρας:

Omit. :

{\mathfrak {M}}

Incl. : 𝔓⁴⁵ 𝔓⁷⁴ א‎ A B C E Ψ 36 81. 323. 614. 945 1175 1739 latt syr co

Acts 10:10

ἐγένετο: 𝔓⁷⁴^(vid) א‎ A B C 36. 81. 323. 453. 945. 1175. 1739. Origen

επεπεσεν: E Ψ 33. Byz latt syr

ηλθεν: 𝔓⁴⁵

Acts 10:13

Πέτρε:

Omit. : 𝔓⁴⁵ gig Clement Ambrose

Incl. : All other witnesses

Acts 10:16

εὐθὺς:

Omit. : 𝔓⁴⁵ 36. 453. 1175. 2818 it^d syr^p sa^mss bo^ms

Incl. : 𝔓⁷⁴ א‎ A B C E 81. pc vg sy^hmg bo

παλιν : (D) Ψ 33^(vid). 323. 614. 945. 1241. 1505. 1739

{\mathfrak {M}}

p sy^h sa^mss mae

Acts 10:33

κυρίου: 𝔓⁴⁵^(vid) א‎ A B C E Ψ 81* 323. 614. 945 1175 1739 lat syr^h bo

θεου:

{\mathfrak {P}}

⁷⁴ D Byz syr^p sa mae bo^ms

Acts 11:12

μηδὲν διακρίναντα:

Omit. : 𝔓⁴⁵ D it^l.p* syr^h

Incl. : א‎(*) A B (E Ψ) 33. 81. 945. (1175). 1739 al

Acts 13:48

κυρίου: 𝔓⁴⁵ 𝔓⁷⁴ א‎ A C Ψ 33. 1739 Byz gig vg sa^mss mae

θεου: B D E 049 323. 453 sa^ms bo

θεον: 614. syr pc

Acts 13:49

τοῦ κυρίου:

Omit. : 𝔓⁴⁵ pc

Incl. : All other witnesses

Acts 15:20

τῆς πορνείας:

Omit. : 𝔓⁴⁵

Incl. : All other witnesses

Acts 15:40

κυρίου: 𝔓⁷⁴ א‎ A B D 33. 81. it^d vg^st sa

θεου: 𝔓⁴⁵ C E Ψ 1739 Byz gig it^w vg^cl syr bo

Acts 16:32

κυρίου: 𝔓⁴⁵ 𝔓⁷⁴ א‎² A C (D) E Ψ 33. 1739 Byz lat syr cop

θεου: א‎* B pc

Acts 17:13

καὶ ταράσσοντες:

Omit. : 𝔓⁴⁵ E Byz

Incl. : 𝔓⁷⁴ א‎ A B D(*) (Ψ) 33. 36. 81. 323. 614. 945. 1175. 1505. 1739 al lat syr sa (bo)

Notes and references

See main Chester Beatty Papyri page for full info.
Kenyon, Frederic G. (1933). The Chester Beatty Biblical Papyri, Descriptions and Texts of Twelve Manuscripts on Papyrus of the Greek Bible, Fasciculus I, General Introduction. Emery Walker Ltd. p. x.
Kenyon, Frederic G. (1933). The Chester Beatty Biblical Papyri, Descriptions and Texts of Twelve Manuscripts on Papyrus of the Greek Bible, Fasciculus II, The Gospels and Acts, Text. Emery Walker Ltd.
Kurt and Barbara Aland, Der Text des Neuen Testaments. Einführung in die wissenschaftlichen Ausgaben sowie in Theorie und Praxis der modernen Textkritik. Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart 1989, p. 109. ISBN 3-438-06011-6
"Liste Handschriften". Münster: Institute for New Testament Textual Research. Retrieved 26 August 2011.
CSNTM, CSNTM and Hendrickson Publishers to Publish Third-Century New Testament Papyri Facsimiles
Metzger, Bruce M.; Ehrman, Bart D. (2005). The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption and Restoration (4th ed.). New York, New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-019-516667-5.
Gerstinger, Hans (1933). "Ein Fragment des Chester Beatty-Evangelienkodex in der Papyrussammlung der National Bibliothek in Wien (Pap. gr. Vindob 31974)". Aegyptus. 13 (1): 67–72. Retrieved 22 April 2022.
Skeat, Theodore Creasy; McGing, Brian C. (1991). "Notes on Chester Beatty Biblical Papyrus I (Gospels and Acts)". Hermathena (150): 21-25. Retrieved 22 April 2022.
Huston, Hollis W (1955). "Mark 6 and 11 in P45 and in the Caesarean Text". Journal of Biblical Literature. 74 (4). doi:10.2307/3261672. Retrieved 22 April 2022.
Aland, Barbara (2004). "The Significance of the Chester Beatty in Early Church History". In Horton, Charles (ed.). The Earliest Gospels. London. p. 110.
Colwell, Ernest Cadman (1965). "Scribal Habits in the Early Papyri: A Study in the Corruption of the Text". In Hyatt, J. P. (ed.). The Bible in Modern Scholarship. New York: Abingdon Press. p. 383.
Hurtado, Larry W. (1981). Text-Critical Methodology and the Pre-Caesarean Text: Codex W in the Gospel of Mark. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Eerdmans. ISBN 0-8028-1872-2.
Epp, Eldon Jay (September 1974). "The Twentieth Century Interlude in New Testament Textual Criticism". Journal of Biblical Literature. 93 (3): 395.
Wasserman, Tommy (2015). "𝔓⁴⁵ and Codex W in Mark Revisited". In Keith, Chris; Roth, Dieter T. (eds.). Mark, Manuscripts, And Monotheism: Essays in Honor of Larry W. Hurtado. London, UK; New York, USA: Bloomsbury T&T Clark. p. 154. ISBN 978-0-56765-594-3.
Aland, Kurt; Aland, Barbara; Martini, Carlo M.; Metzger, Bruce M.; Karavidopoulos, Johannes, eds. (1983). The Greek New Testament (4th ed.). Stuttgart: United Bible Societies. ISBN 978-3-438-05110-3.
Timothy J. Finney (2018). "How To Discover Textual Groups". Digital Studies/Le Champ Numérique. 8. doi:10.16995/dscn.291.
Streeter, Burnett Hillman (1924). The Four Gospels, A Study of Origins: Treating of the Manuscript Tradition, Sources, Authorship, and Dates. London: Macmillan.
Strutwolf, Holger; Wachtel, Klaus, eds. (2011). Novum Testamentum Graecum: Editio Critica Maior: Parallel Pericopes: Special Volume Regarding the Synoptic Gospels. Stuttgart: German Bible Society. ISBN 3438056089.
PAM (partitioning around medoids) is a multivariate analysis technique. For a description, see Timothy J. Finney. "Views of New Testament Textual Space". Retrieved 16 March 2013.
Skeat, Theodore Creesy (2004). "A Codicological Analysis of the Chester Beatty Papyrus Codex of Gospels and Acts (𝔓⁴⁵)". In Elliot, James Keith (ed.). The Collected Biblical Writings of T. C. Skeat. Leiden; Boston: Brill. p. 147. ISBN 9004139206.
"ECM - INTF".

External links

Robert B. Waltz, 'NT Manuscripts: Papyri, Papyri ${\mathfrak {P}}$ ⁴⁵,' at The Encyclopedia of New Testament Textual Criticism. Retrieved November 19, 2020.
Images of ${\mathfrak {P}}$ ⁴⁵ at the Centre for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts.
Images of the Austrian National Library portions of ${\mathfrak {P}}$ ⁴⁵.

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[1] See main Chester Beatty Papyri page for full info.

[2] Kenyon, Frederic G. (1933). The Chester Beatty Biblical Papyri, Descriptions and Texts of Twelve Manuscripts on Papyrus of the Greek Bible, Fasciculus I, General Introduction. Emery Walker Ltd. p. x.

[fasc-II-3] Kenyon, Frederic G. (1933). The Chester Beatty Biblical Papyri, Descriptions and Texts of Twelve Manuscripts on Papyrus of the Greek Bible, Fasciculus II, The Gospels and Acts, Text. Emery Walker Ltd.

[Aland-4] Kurt and Barbara Aland, Der Text des Neuen Testaments. Einführung in die wissenschaftlichen Ausgaben sowie in Theorie und Praxis der modernen Textkritik. Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, Stuttgart 1989, p. 109. ISBN 3-438-06011-6

[INTF-5] "Liste Handschriften". Münster: Institute for New Testament Textual Research. Retrieved 26 August 2011.

[6] CSNTM, CSNTM and Hendrickson Publishers to Publish Third-Century New Testament Papyri Facsimiles

[TNTTCR-7] Metzger, Bruce M.; Ehrman, Bart D. (2005). The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption and Restoration (4th ed.). New York, New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-019-516667-5.

[8] Gerstinger, Hans (1933). "Ein Fragment des Chester Beatty-Evangelienkodex in der Papyrussammlung der National Bibliothek in Wien (Pap. gr. Vindob 31974)". Aegyptus. 13 (1): 67–72. Retrieved 22 April 2022.

[9] Skeat, Theodore Creasy; McGing, Brian C. (1991). "Notes on Chester Beatty Biblical Papyrus I (Gospels and Acts)". Hermathena (150): 21-25. Retrieved 22 April 2022.

[huston-10] Huston, Hollis W (1955). "Mark 6 and 11 in P45 and in the Caesarean Text". Journal of Biblical Literature. 74 (4). doi:10.2307/3261672. Retrieved 22 April 2022.

[11] Aland, Barbara (2004). "The Significance of the Chester Beatty in Early Church History". In Horton, Charles (ed.). The Earliest Gospels. London. p. 110.

[12] Colwell, Ernest Cadman (1965). "Scribal Habits in the Early Papyri: A Study in the Corruption of the Text". In Hyatt, J. P. (ed.). The Bible in Modern Scholarship. New York: Abingdon Press. p. 383.

[13] Hurtado, Larry W. (1981). Text-Critical Methodology and the Pre-Caesarean Text: Codex W in the Gospel of Mark. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Eerdmans. ISBN 0-8028-1872-2.

[14] Epp, Eldon Jay (September 1974). "The Twentieth Century Interlude in New Testament Textual Criticism". Journal of Biblical Literature. 93 (3): 395.

[15] Wasserman, Tommy (2015). "𝔓⁴⁵ and Codex W in Mark Revisited". In Keith, Chris; Roth, Dieter T. (eds.). Mark, Manuscripts, And Monotheism: Essays in Honor of Larry W. Hurtado. London, UK; New York, USA: Bloomsbury T&T Clark. p. 154. ISBN 978-0-56765-594-3.

[16] Aland, Kurt; Aland, Barbara; Martini, Carlo M.; Metzger, Bruce M.; Karavidopoulos, Johannes, eds. (1983). The Greek New Testament (4th ed.). Stuttgart: United Bible Societies. ISBN 978-3-438-05110-3.

[17] Timothy J. Finney (2018). "How To Discover Textual Groups". Digital Studies/Le Champ Numérique. 8. doi:10.16995/dscn.291.

[18] Streeter, Burnett Hillman (1924). The Four Gospels, A Study of Origins: Treating of the Manuscript Tradition, Sources, Authorship, and Dates. London: Macmillan.

[19] Strutwolf, Holger; Wachtel, Klaus, eds. (2011). Novum Testamentum Graecum: Editio Critica Maior: Parallel Pericopes: Special Volume Regarding the Synoptic Gospels. Stuttgart: German Bible Society. ISBN 3438056089.

[20] PAM (partitioning around medoids) is a multivariate analysis technique. For a description, see Timothy J. Finney. "Views of New Testament Textual Space". Retrieved 16 March 2013.

[21] Skeat, Theodore Creesy (2004). "A Codicological Analysis of the Chester Beatty Papyrus Codex of Gospels and Acts (𝔓⁴⁵)". In Elliot, James Keith (ed.). The Collected Biblical Writings of T. C. Skeat. Leiden; Boston: Brill. p. 147. ISBN 9004139206.

[22] "ECM - INTF".

Papyrus 45

Description

Textual character

Text-type

Some notable readings

See also

Notes and references

Further reading

External links