Oğulpınar, Reyhanlı

The region was historically called Tizin,[2][lower-alpha 1] as part of the frontier zone between the Muslims and Byzantines known as Al-Awasim.[3] It was ravaged during the campaign of Nikephoros II Phokas in the Levant in late 966.[4] In April 1105, Tancred of Galilee defeated the forces of Fakhr al-Mulk Ridwan and his general Sabawa in the Battle of Artah at Tizin.[5]

It was mentioned by Ibn Battuta, as he traveled in 1355 from Aleppo to Antioch near the Orontes River.[6] According to al-Qalqashandi, the ruler of the region during the Mamluk era was known as wali of Harem and Tizin.[7]

• al-Qalqashandi (1922). al-Aʿshá fī Ṣināʿat al-Inshāʾ (in Arabic). Beirut: Dar Al Kotob Al Ilmiyah.
• Fattori, Niccolò (June 2013). "The Policies of Nikephoros II Phokas in the context of the Byzantine economic recovery" (PDF). Middle East Technical University.
• Ibn Battuta (2013). Samuel Lee (ed.). The Travels of Ibn Battuta: In the Near East, Asia and Africa, 1325–1354. Dover Publications. ISBN 9780486123042.
• Runciman, Steven (1987). A History of the Crusades Volume 2. Cambridge University Press.
• Streck, Maximilian (1987) [1927]. "AL-ʿAWĀṢIM". In Houtsma, Martijn Theodoor (ed.). E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936, Volume I: A–Bābā Beg. Leiden: BRILL. pp. 515–516. ISBN 90-04-08265-4.