List of wars involving Germany

This is a list of wars involving Germany including its predecessor states and the modern German state since its unification in 1871:

Frankish Kingdom (481–843)
East Francia (843–962)
Kingdom of Germany within the Holy Roman Empire (962–1806)
State of the Teutonic Order (1224–1525)
Duchy of Prussia (1525–1701)
Kingdom of Prussia (1701–1871)
Confederation of the Rhine (1806–1813)
German Confederation (1815–1866)
North German Confederation (1867–1871)
German Reich (1871–1945)
- German Empire (1871–1918)
- Weimar Republic (1919–1933)
- Nazi Germany (1933–1945)
Federal Republic of Germany (1949–present)

This is an incomplete list of German and proto-German wars and battles from the foundation of Francia by Clovis I, the Merovingian king who united all the Frankish tribes and subjugated the Alemanni in the 5th century, thus setting the foundation for the later Germanic East Francia and Kingdom of Germany, to the current Federal Republic.

Frankish Kingdom, Carolingian Empire and East Francia

Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Result	Ruling King/Mayor of the Palace
Frankish conquest of Turnacum and Cameracum (c. 445 – c. 450[1])	Salian Franks	Roman Empire	Salian Frankish victory Turnacum and Cameracum become Frankish capitals	Clovis I
Battle of Vicus Helena (c.448)	Salian Franks	Roman Empire	Roman victory
Campaigns of Clovis I (486–508)	Francia	Various enemies	Frankish victory against Kingdom of Soissons Frankish victory against Alamannia (Tolbiac) Frankish victory against Kingdom of the Burgundians Frankish victory against Visigothic Kingdom Frankish defeat against Ostrogothic Kingdom Frankish campaign against the Thuringians (491)?
Franco-Visigothic Wars (492–508)	Francia	Visigothic Kingdom	Frankish victory, Gallia Aquitania annexed by Franks
Frankish-Burgundian War (523–533)	Francia	Kingdom of the Burgundians	Frankish victory
Battle of the Unstrut River (531) (531)	Francia	Thuringii	Frankish victory
Gothic War (535–554)	Ostrogoths, Franks, Alamanni, Burgundians	East Roman Empire, Huns, Heruli, Sclaveni, Lombards	Short-term East Roman conquest of Italy, long-term devastation of Italy
Conquest of the Alemanni (536)	Francia	Alemanni	Frankish victory
Conquest of Bavaria (555)	Francia	Baiuvarii	Frankish victory
Fredegund–Brunhilda wars, or Merovingian throne struggle (568–613)	Neustria (Fredegund)	Austrasia (Brunhilda)	Victory for Fredegund's son, Chlothar II of Neustria
Frisian–Frankish wars (7th century–793)	Francia	Frisian Kingdom	Frankish victory
Neustrian war of succession (673)	Neustria (Ebroin)	Neustrian rebel noblemen Austrasia (Childeric II)	Victory for Childeric II of Austrasia
Frankish war of succession (675–679)	Neustria (Ebroin)	Austrasia (Pepin II & Martin)	Victory for Ebroin of Neustria
Neustrian invasion of Austrasia (686–687)	Neustria (Berchar)	Austrasia (Pepin II)	Victory for Pepin II of Austrasia
Frankish Civil War (fr, nl) (715–719)	Carolingian faction (Austrasian) Charles Martel Chlothar IV (717–718) Pippinid faction (Austrasian) Theudoald (715–717) Plectrude (715–717)	Neustrian faction Ragenfrid Dagobert III (†715) Chilperic II Redbad of Frisia (716–718) Odo of Aquitaine (independent until 718)	Carolingian victory (Charles Martel) Neustrians defeat Pippinids (715) Charles subjects Pippinids, enthrones Chlothar (717) Carolingians defeat Neustrians (718) Chlothar dies, Charles recognises Chilperic as king but gains de facto power as palace mayor, establishing the Carolingian dynasty (718)
Umayyad invasion of Gaul (719–759)	Francia Kingdom of the Lombards	Umayyad Caliphate Andalusi commanders (as of 750)	Frankish victory
Siege of Laon (741)	Carloman Pepin the Short	Grifo	Carloman/Pepin victory Grifo imprisoned and excluded from inheritance
War against the Lombards (755–758)	Francia	Lombards	Donation of Pepin
War of Aquitaine (761–768)	Francia	Aquitani	Frankish victory	Charlemagne
Saxon Wars (772–804)	Francia	Saxons	Frankish victory	Charlemagne
War against the Lombards (773–774)	Francia	Lombards	Frankish victory Annexation of the Lombard Kingdom	Charlemagne
War against the Avars and Slavs (791–805)	Francia Carolingian Empire (800)	Avars & Slavs	Frankish victory	Charlemagne
Carolingian Civil Wars (830-843)	Louis the German in varying alliances with his brothers: Lothair Charles the Bald Pippin	Louis the Pious and his sons in varying alliances	The Carolingian Empire is divided in three parts in the Treaty of Verdun.
First Italian Expedition of Otto I (951-952)	East Francia	Kingdom of Italy	East Frankish victory. Berengar II recognized the suzerainty of Otto I.	Otto I
Second Italian Expedition of Otto I (961-962)	East Francia	Kingdom of Italy	East Frankish victory. Berengar II is deposed. Otto I is crowned King of Italy and later Roman Emperor, in retrospect forming the Holy Roman Empire.	Otto I

Holy Roman Empire (862–1806)


Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Result	Ruling King/Emperor
Second Crusade	Holy Roman Empire other Crusaders	Emirate of Damascus other Muslim and Pagan entities in East Central Europe, Iberia and the Near East.	Victories in East Central Europe and Iberia. Defeat in the Holy Land.	Conrad III of Germany
Third Crusade	Holy Roman Empire other Crusaders	Ayyubids	Small Gains for the Crusaders. Jerusalem stays under Ayyubid control.	Frederick I Barbarossa
Sixth Crusade	Holy Roman Empire including in Personal Union: Kingdom of Sicily Kingdom of Jerusalem	Ayyubids	Kingdom of Jerusalem regains Jerusalem through peaceful negotiations.	Frederick II
Seven Years' War (1756–1763)	Member States of the Holy Roman Empire: Habsburg Domain Electorate of Saxony Kingdom of France Russian Empire Kingdom of Spain Kingdom of Sweden Non-European Allies	Member States of the Holy Roman Empire: Kingdom of Prussia Electorate of Hannover Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel County of Schaumburg-Lippe Kingdom of Great Britain Kingdom of Portugal Russian Empire	Victory of the Anglo-Prussian Coalition	Francis I

German Reich (1871–1945)

German Empire (1871–1918)

Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Result	Reichskanzler	German losses
Franco-German War (1870–1871)	Germany	France	Victory Treaty of Frankfurt	Otto von Bismarck	28,208 dead[2]
First Samoan Civil War (1886–1894)	Supporters of Laupepa Germany	Supporters of Mata'afa	Compromise Malietoa Laupepa restored to power		16 dead[3]
Abushiri Revolt (1888–1889)	Germany United Kingdom	Arab Rebels led by al-Harthi	Victory Rebellion put down		?
Hehe Rebellion (1891–1898)	Germany	Hehe	Victory Rebellion put down	Leo von Caprivi	?
Bafut Wars (1891–1907)	Germany	Fondom of Bafut	Victory Exile of the Fon of Bafut	Leo von Caprivi	?
Second Samoan Civil War (1898–1899)	Supporters of Mata'afa Germany	Supporters of Tanumafili I United States United Kingdom	Compromise Tripartite Convention	Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingfürst	?
Boxer Rebellion (1899–1901)	Russia Japan United Kingdom France United States Germany Austria-Hungary Italy	Yihetuan Movement China	Victory Signing of the Boxer Protocol Provisions for foreign troops to be stationed in Beijing	Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingfürst	?
Adamawa Wars (1899–1907)	Germany United Kingdom	Sokoto Caliphate Mahdist rebels	Victory German rule in Kamerun solidified	Bernhard von Bülow	?
Venezuelan Crisis (1902–1903)	United Kingdom Germany Italy	Venezuela	Compromise Venezuelan debt dispute resolved		?
Kavango Uprising[4] (1903)	German Empire	Kavango rebels	Victory Uprising suppressed		?
Herero Wars (1904–1908)	Germany	Herero Namaqua	Victory Herero and Namaqua genocide		1,541 dead[5]
Maji Maji Rebellion (1905–1908)	Germany	Qadiriyya Brotherhood Matumbi Ngoni Yao	Victory Rebellion put down		397 dead[6]
Sokehs Rebellion (1910–1911)	Germany	Sokehs tribe	Victory Rebellion put down	Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg	5 dead[7]
World War I (1914–1918)	Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire Bulgaria	France United Kingdom Russia United States Italy Canada Australia New Zealand India South Africa Serbia Montenegro Belgium Romania Greece Portugal Brazil Nepal Japan China Siam Hejaz Russian SFSR	Defeat End of the German, Russian, Ottoman, and Austro-Hungarian empires Formation of new countries in Europe and the Middle East Transfer of German colonies and regions of the former Ottoman Empire to other powers Establishment of the League of Nations		2,198,420 to 2,800,720 dead[8]

Weimar Republic (1918–1933)

Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Result	Reichskanzler	German losses
German Revolution (1918–1919)	Germany	Revolutionaries	Government victory Establishment of the Weimar Republic	Friedrich Ebert	?
Greater Poland Uprising (1918–1919)	Germany	POW	Defeat Poland gains Greater Poland	Friedrich Ebert	?
First Silesian Uprising (1919)	Germany	POW-GS	Victory German forces crush uprising	Gustav Bauer	?
Ruhr Uprising (1920)	Germany	Ruhr Red Army	Government victory Uprising crushed	Gustav Bauer	1,600+ (Both combatants)
Second Silesian Uprising (1920)	Germany	POW-GS	League of Nations ceasefire Order restored by allied intervention	Constantin Fehrenbach	?
Third Silesian Uprising (1921)	Germany	POW-GS	League of Nations ceasefire Parts of Upper Silesia ceded to Poland	Joseph Wirth	?

Nazi Germany (1933–1945)

Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Result	Führer	German losses
German involvement in the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939)	Spanish Nationalists Italy Germany Portugal	Spanish Republicans International Brigades	Victory End of the Second Spanish Republic	Adolf Hitler	~300 killed[9]
World War II (1939–1945)	Germany Japan Italy Hungary Romania Bulgaria Slovakia Croatia Finland Thailand	Soviet Union United States United Kingdom China France Poland Canada Australia New Zealand India South Africa Yugoslavia Greece Denmark Norway Netherlands Belgium Luxembourg Ethiopia Brazil Mexico Colombia Cuba Nepal Philippines Mongolia	Defeat Collapse of Nazi Germany Creation of the United Nations Emergence of the United States and the Soviet Union as superpowers Beginning of the Cold War		6,900,000 to 7,400,000 dead[10]

Federal Republic of Germany (1949–present)

Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Result	Bundeskanzler	German losses
Bosnian War (1995)	NATO Belgium Canada Denmark France Germany Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Portugal Spain Turkey United Kingdom United States	Republika Srpska	Victory Dayton Accords	Helmut Kohl	None
Kosovo War (1999)	NATO Belgium Canada Denmark France Germany Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Portugal Spain Turkey United Kingdom United States UÇK	FR Yugoslavia	Victory Kumanovo Treaty Yugoslav security forces pull out of Kosovo United Nations Resolution 1244	Gerhard Schröder	None
War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)	Afghanistan ISAF United States United Kingdom Canada Australia New Zealand Germany France Italy Czech Republic Netherlands Turkey Romania Georgia South Korea Poland Denmark Sweden Norway Others	Taliban al-Qaeda	Defeat Fall of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan in 2001 Establishment of new Afghan government Fall of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, reestablishment of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan on 16 August 2021 War in North-West Pakistan	Gerhard Schröder (2001–2005) Angela Merkel (2005–2021)	59 dead[11]
War on ISIL (2015–present)	Iraq Iraqi Kurdistan Syrian Kurdistan CJTF–OIR United States United Kingdom Canada France Germany Turkey Saudi Arabia Qatar Jordan Bahrain United Arab Emirates Morocco Australia Netherlands Belgium Denmark Norway	ISIL al-Qaeda	Ongoing Airstrikes on ISIL and al-Qaeda affiliates positions in Iraq and Syria Islamic terrorism in Europe	Angela Merkel (2015–2021) Olaf Scholz (2021–)	See below[12]
Mali War (2017–present)	Mali MINUSMA France ECOWAS Chad Germany Netherlands Sweden	al-Qaeda	Ongoing German deployment to defend peacekeepers	Angela Merkel (2015–2021) Olaf Scholz (2021–)	2 dead[13]

References

According to Lanting & van der Plicht (2010), the conquest of Turnacum and Cameracum probably happened in the period 445–450. Lanting, J. N.; van der Plicht, J. (2010). "De 14C-chronologie van de Nederlandse Pre- en Protohistorie VI: Romeinse tijd en Merovische periode, deel A: historische bronnen en chronologische thema's". Palaeohistoria 51/52 (2009/2010) (in Dutch). Groningen: Groningen Institute of Archaeology. pp. 46–47. ISBN 9789077922736. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
Howard, M. (1991). The Franco-Prussian War: The German Invasion of France 1870–1871. New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-26671-8.
Hempestall & Mochida, p. 54
"Uprisings against the German/South African Colonial Power". klausdierks.com.
Bridgman, Jon M. (1966) Revolt of the Hereros University of California Press. p. 164 (KIA: 676, MIA:76, WIA: 907, died from disease: 689, civilians: 100)
Gellately, Robert; Ben Kiernan (2003). The Specter of Genocide: Mass Murder in Historical Perspective. Published by Cambridge University Press. p. 161. ISBN 0-521-52750-3.
Van der Vat, Dan. Gentlemen of War, The Amazing Story of Captain Karl von Müller and the SMS Emden. New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc. 1984, p. 19
See World War I casualties
Thomas, Hugh (2003) [1961, 1987, 2001]. The Spanish Civil War. London: Penguin. p. 634. ISBN 0-14-101161-0. OCLC 248799351.
See World War II casualties
. dw.com. 2021-10-13 https://m.dw.com/en/germany-honors-soldiers-who-fought-in-afghanistan-mission/a-59492974. Retrieved 2021-12-05. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)CS1 maint: url-status (link)
No German soldiers have been killed by ISIS, however, many German civilians have been killed in terror attacks claimed by ISIS. For details, see Islamic terrorism in Europe.
"German military helicopter crashes in Mali, two peacekeepers killed". 26 July 2017 – via www.reuters.com.

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[1] According to Lanting & van der Plicht (2010), the conquest of Turnacum and Cameracum probably happened in the period 445–450. Lanting, J. N.; van der Plicht, J. (2010). "De 14C-chronologie van de Nederlandse Pre- en Protohistorie VI: Romeinse tijd en Merovische periode, deel A: historische bronnen en chronologische thema's". Palaeohistoria 51/52 (2009/2010) (in Dutch). Groningen: Groningen Institute of Archaeology. pp. 46–47. ISBN 9789077922736. Retrieved 8 July 2020.

[2] Howard, M. (1991). The Franco-Prussian War: The German Invasion of France 1870–1871. New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-26671-8.

[3] Hempestall & Mochida, p. 54

[:17-4] "Uprisings against the German/South African Colonial Power". klausdierks.com.

[5] Bridgman, Jon M. (1966) Revolt of the Hereros University of California Press. p. 164 (KIA: 676, MIA:76, WIA: 907, died from disease: 689, civilians: 100)

[6] Gellately, Robert; Ben Kiernan (2003). The Specter of Genocide: Mass Murder in Historical Perspective. Published by Cambridge University Press. p. 161. ISBN 0-521-52750-3.

[7] Van der Vat, Dan. Gentlemen of War, The Amazing Story of Captain Karl von Müller and the SMS Emden. New York: William Morrow and Company, Inc. 1984, p. 19

[8] See World War I casualties

[9] Thomas, Hugh (2003) [1961, 1987, 2001]. The Spanish Civil War. London: Penguin. p. 634. ISBN 0-14-101161-0. OCLC 248799351.

[10] See World War II casualties

[icasualties-11] . dw.com. 2021-10-13 https://m.dw.com/en/germany-honors-soldiers-who-fought-in-afghanistan-mission/a-59492974. Retrieved 2021-12-05. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)CS1 maint: url-status (link)

[12] No German soldiers have been killed by ISIS, however, many German civilians have been killed in terror attacks claimed by ISIS. For details, see Islamic terrorism in Europe.

[13] "German military helicopter crashes in Mali, two peacekeepers killed". 26 July 2017 – via www.reuters.com.

Lists of wars involving European countries
Sovereign states	Albania Andorra Armenia Austria Azerbaijan Belarus Belgium Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Georgia Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Kazakhstan Latvia Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Moldova Monaco Montenegro Netherlands North Macedonia Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia San Marino Serbia Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey Ukraine United Kingdom
States with limited recognition	Abkhazia Artsakh Kosovo Northern Cyprus South Ossetia Transnistria
Dependencies and other entities	Åland Faroe Islands Gibraltar Guernsey Isle of Man Jersey Svalbard