List of wars involving England
This is a list of wars involving the Kingdom of England before the creation of the Kingdom of Great Britain by the Acts of Union 1707. For dates after 1708, see List of wars involving the United Kingdom.
10th and 11th centuries
| Start | End | Name of conflict | Belligerents (excluding England) | Outcome | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Allies | Enemies | ||||
| 927 | 937 | Æthelstan's invasion of Scotland | Various Kings of Wales | Scottish kings, Norse-Gaels | Stalemate |
| 946 | 954 | Northumbria's war of independence from vassalage | Earl of Bamburgh | Northumbria | Victory
|
| 1066 | 1088 | Norman Conquest of England | .svg.png.webp){kind=small} Duchy of Normandy |
Defeat
| |
| 1067 | 1081 | Norman invasion of Wales | Welsh kingdoms | Defeat
| |
| 1096 | 1099 | First Crusade | Holy Roman Empire Kingdom of France Duchy of Apulia Byzantine Empire | Great Seljuq Empire Danishmends Fatimids Almoravids | Victory
|
12th century
| Start | End | Name of conflict | Belligerents (excluding England) | Outcome | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Allies | Enemies | ||||
| 1135 | 1154 | The Anarchy | Supporters of Stephen of Blois | Supporters of Empress Matilda and Henry Curtmantle | Treaty of Wallingford
|
| 1145 | 1149 | Second Crusade | Kingdom of England (Holy land Crusade)
Kingdom of Jerusalem (Holy land Crusade)
Kingdom of France (Iberian and Holy Land Crusade)
Holy Roman Empire (Wendish and Holy Land Crusade)
Kingdom of Portugal (Iberian Crusade)
Castile (Iberian Crusade)
County of Barcelona (Iberian Crusade)
León (Iberian Crusade)
Byzantine Empire (Holy land Crusade)
Kingdom of Denmark (Wendish Crusade)
Duchy of Poland (Wendish Crusade)
Kingdom of Sicily (Holy land Crusade) |
Sultanate of Rum (Holy Land Crusade)
 Almoravids (Iberian Crusade)
.svg.png.webp){kind=small} Almohads (Iberian Crusade)
Zengids (Holy Land Crusade)
 Abbasids (Holy Land Crusade)
Fatimids (Holy Land Crusade)
|
Victory
|
| 1173 | 1174 | Revolt of 1173–74 | .svg.png.webp){kind=small} English royalists |
English rebels Kingdom of France Kingdom of Scotland County of Flanders County of Boulogne Duchy of Brittany |
Treaty of Falaise
|
| 1189 | 1192 | Third Crusade | Kingdom of Jerusalem
.svg.png.webp){kind=small} France
.svg.png.webp){kind=small} Holy Roman Empire
|
Ayyubids Zengids Sultanate of Rum Byzantine Empire | Treaty of Ramla
|
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
13th century
| Start | End | Name of conflict | Belligerents (excluding England) | Outcome | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Allies | Enemies | ||||
| 1213 | 1214 | Anglo-French War (1213–1214) | .svg.png.webp){kind=small} Holy Roman Empire
 County of Flanders
 County of Boulogne |
.svg.png.webp){kind=small} France |
Defeat
|
| 1215 | 1217 | First Barons' War |  Pro-Angevin forces |
Rebel Barons
France
|
Angevinian victory |
| 1242 | 1242 | Saintonge War | France |
French victory | |
| 1264 | 1267 | Second Barons' War | English royalists |
Rebel barons | Royalist victory |
| 1271 | 1272 | Ninth Crusade |  Kingdom of Cyprus
 Kingdom of Jerusalem
 County of Tripoli
Ilkhanate
|
 Mamluks |
Stalemate |
| 1277 | 1283 | Conquest of Wales by Edward I of England |  Principality of Wales |
English victory | |
| 1294 | 1303 | Anglo-French War | France |
French Victory | |
| 1296 | 1328 | First War of Scottish Independence |  Kingdom of Scotland
France
Connacht
Thomond
Uí Maine
.svg.png.webp){kind=small} Tyrconnell
Breifne O'Rourke
Oriel
Desmond
|
Allied Scottish Victory | |
14th century
| Start | End | Name of conflict | Belligerents (excluding England) | Outcome | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Allies | Enemies | ||||
| 1321 | 1322 | Despenser War | Marcher Lords | Royalist victory | |
| 1324 | 1324 | War of Saint-Sardos | France |
French victory | |
| 1332 | 1357 | Second War of Scottish Independence | Kingdom of Scotland
|
Allied Scottish Victory | |
| 1337 | 1453 | Hundred Years' War |  Duchy of Burgundy
 Duchy of Brittany (Montfort)
 Portugal
 Navarre
Flanders
 Hainaut
Luxembourg
|
.svg.png.webp){kind=small} France
 Castile
Scotland
 Genoa
 Majorca
 Bohemia
 Aragon
|
English victory in the Edwardian War French victory in the Caroline War and the Lancastrian War |
| 1377 | 1575 | Anglo-Scottish Wars | Scotland |
Stalemate | |
| 1381 | 1382 | Third Ferdinand War |  Portugal |
Castile |
Castillian victory |
| 1383 | 1385 | 1383–85 Crisis | Portugal.svg.png.webp){kind=small} Kingdom of England |
.svg.png.webp){kind=small} Crown of Castile Kingdom of France Crown of Aragon |
Victory |
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
15th century
| Start | End | Name of conflict | Belligerents (excluding England) | Outcome | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Allies | Enemies | ||||
| 1400 | 1415 | Glyndŵr RisingPart of the Hundred Years' War |  Welsh rebels Kingdom of France |
Total English victory | |
| 1455 | 1485 | Wars of the Roses |  House of Lancaster House of Tudor Kingdom of Scotland Kingdom of France |
 House of York Burgundian State |
Lancastrian victory, founding of the House of Tudor |
| 1470 | 1474 | Anglo-Hanseatic War |  Kingdom of England |
Hanseatic League | Defeat, Hanseatic victory |
| 1496 | 1498 | Italian War of 1494–1498 (1494–1498) |
League of Venice:
|
 Kingdom of France
|
Victory
|
| 1497 | 1497 | Cornish Rebellion of 1497 | Cornish rebels | English victory | |
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
.svg.png.webp){kind=small}
16th century
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17th century
| Start | End | Name of conflict | Belligerents (excluding England) | Outcome | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Allies | Enemies | ||||
| 1602 | 1661 | Dutch-Portuguese War (1602–1661) |  Dutch Republic Kingdom of England(until 1640)  Johor Sultanate Kingdom of Kandy Kingdom of KongoKingdom of Ndongo |
.svg.png.webp){kind=small} Kingdom of Portugal-Variant.svg.png.webp){kind=small} Crown of Castile(until 1640) Kingdom of Cochin Potiguara Tupis |
Treaty of Hague
|
| 1625 | 1630 | Anglo-Spanish War (1625–1630) | England Support: |
 Spain |
Status quo ante bellum
|
| 1627 | 1629 | Anglo-French War (1627–1629) | England |
 France |
French victory |
| 1639 | 1653 | Bishops' Wars (1639–1640) |  Scottish Royalists England |
 Scottish Covenanters |
Covenanters defeat Scottish Royalists and England. |
| 1640 | 1668 | Portuguese Restoration War | Kingdom of Portugal France England |
Crown of Spain |
Victory
|
| 1641 | 1653 | Irish Confederate Wars |  Parliamentarians |
 Irish Catholic Confederation(allied with Royalists 1648–1650) English and Scottish Royalists |
English Parliamentarian conquest of Ireland, defeat of Royalists and crushing of Irish Catholic power |
| 1642 | 1651 | English Civil War | Parliamentarians | Royalists | Parliamentarian victory
|
| 1652 | 1654 | First Anglo-Dutch War | Commonwealth of England |
Dutch Republic |
Victory |
| 1654 | 1660 | Anglo-Spanish War (1654–1660) | Commonwealth of England France (1657–59) |
Spain.svg.png.webp){kind=small} Royalists of the British Isles |
Victory |
| 1665 | 1667 | Second Anglo-Dutch War | England Bishopric of Münster |
Dutch Republic Denmark France |
Defeat
|
| 1672 | 1674 | Third Anglo-Dutch War | England France Bishopric of Münster Electorate of Cologne |
Dutch Republic Denmark-Norway |
Defeat
|
| 1672 | 1678 | Franco-Dutch War | France England Sweden Bishopric of Münster Archbishopric of Cologne |
Dutch Republic.svg.png.webp){kind=small} Holy Roman Empire Spain Denmark-Norway Electorate of Brandenburg |
Peace between France, England and the Dutch Republic:
|
| 1685 | 1685 | Monmouth Rebellion | Royal army of James II |
 Rebel army of Duke of Monmouth |
Victory for James II |
| 1687 | 1688 | Anglo-Siamese War | England East India Company |
.svg.png.webp){kind=small} Kingdom of Ayutthaya (Siam)(with help from French mercenaries) |
Inconclusive. English factory rejected from Siam, after minor naval action the war was not pursued. In 1688, a coup forced the closure of all foreign trade in Siam for 150 years. |
| 1688 | 1697 | Nine Years' War | Grand Alliance: Dutch Republic England Holy Roman Empire Spanish Empire Duchy of Savoy Swedish Empire (until 1691) Scotland |
France.svg.png.webp){kind=small} Jacobites |
|
18th century
| Start | End | Name of conflict | Belligerents (excluding England) | Outcome | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Allies | Enemies | ||||
| 1701 | 1714 | War of the Spanish Succession |  Austrian monarchy England (until 1707).svg.png.webp){kind=small} Great Britain (from 1707) Dutch Republic Holy Roman Empire Piedmont-Savoy.svg.png.webp){kind=small} Prussia Habsburg Spain{{flag|Kingdom of Portugal|1707|name=america} |
France Spanish monarchy.svg.png.webp){kind=small} Bavaria (~1704) Cologne.svg.png.webp){kind=small} Mantua (~1708) |
|
List of civil wars
- Rebellion of 1088 – in England and Normandy
- The Anarchy (1135–54) – in England
- Revolt of 1173–74 – in England, Normandy, and Anjou
- First Barons' War (1215–17) – in England
- Second Barons' War (1264–67) – in England
- Welsh Uprising (1282) – in England and Wales
- Peasants' Revolt (1381) – in England
- Wars of the Roses (1455–1485) – in England and Wales; Richard III was the last English king to die in combat
- Cornish Rebellion of 1497 - in England
- Wars of the Three Kingdoms (1639–1651) – in England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland
- First Bishops' War (1639)
- Second Bishops' War (1640)
- Irish Rebellion of 1641
- First English Civil War (1642–46)
- The Confederates' War (1642–48)
- Scotland in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms (1644–47)
- Second English Civil War (1648)
- Third English Civil War (1650–51)
- Cromwellian conquest of Ireland (1649)
- Monmouth Rebellion (1685) – in England
- Jacobite Rebellions (1689–91; 1715–16; 1719; 1745–46) – in England, Scotland and Ireland
- Williamite War in Ireland (1688–91)
- Battle of the Boyne (1690) – last battle between two rival claimants for the throne
See also
References
- Geoffrey Parker p. 73
Further reading
- Barnett, Correlli. Britain and her army, 1509-1970: a military, political and social survey (1970).
- Carlton, Charles. This Seat of Mars: War and the British Isles, 1485-1746 (Yale UP; 2011) 332 pages; studies the impact of near unceasing war from the individual to the national levels.
- Chandler, David G., and Ian Frederick William Beckett, eds. The Oxford history of the British army (Oxford UP, 2003).
- Cole, D. H and E. C Priestley. An outline of British military history, 1660-1936 (1936). online
- Higham, John, ed. A Guide to the Sources of British Military History (1971) 654 pages excerpt; Highly detailed bibliography and discussion up to 1970.
- Sheppard, Eric William. A short history of the British army (1950). online
Historiography
- Messenger, Charles, ed. Reader's Guide to Military History (2001) pp 55–74; annotated guide to most important books.
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