List of heaviest land mammals

The heaviest land mammal is the African bush elephant, which has a weight of up to 10.1 tonnes (11.1 short tons). It measures 10–13 ft at the shoulder and consumes around 230 kilograms (500 lb) of vegetation a day. Its tusks have been known to reach 2.7 m (9 ft) in length, although in modern populations they are most commonly recorded at a length of 0.6–0.9 metres (2.0–3.0 ft).[1] The average walking speed of an elephant is 7.2 km/h (4.5 mph), but they can run at recorded speeds of up to 24 km/h (15 mph).[2]

Heaviest extant land mammals
RankNameImageFamilyTaxonomy
Classification		Mass[Note 1]
1 African bush elephant Elephantidae Loxodonta africana 5,200–8,000 kg (11,500–17,600 lb)[3]
2 Asian elephant Elephantidae Elephas maximus: E. m. indicus, E. m. maximus, E. m. sumatranus, E. m. borneensis 2,400–5,000 kg (5,300–11,000 lb)[3]
3 African forest elephant Elephantidae Loxodonta cyclotis 1,700–4,000 kg (3,700–8,800 lb)[4]
4 White rhinocerosRhinocerotidaeCeratotherium simum: Ceratotherium simum cottoni, C. s. simum 3,000–3,600 kg (6,600–7,900 lb)[5]
5 Indian rhinoceros Rhinocerotidae Rhinoceros unicornis 2,070–3,000 kg (4,560–6,610 lb)[6]
6 HippopotamusHippopotamidaeHippopotamus amphibius: H. a. amphibius, H. a. kiboko, H. a. capensis, H. a. tschadensis, H. a. constrictus 1,210–3,000 kg (2,670–6,610 lb)[7]
7 Black rhinoceros Rhinocerotidae Diceros bicornis: D. b. minor, D. b. michaeli, D. b. longipes 850–2,896 kg (1,874–6,385 lb)[8]
8 Javan rhinocerosRhinocerotidae Rhinoceros sondaicus900–2,300 kg (2,000–5,100 lb)[9]
9 GaurBovidaeBos gaurus: B. g. gaurus, B. g. readei, B. g. hubbacki 440–1,500 kg (970–3,310 lb)[10]
10 GiraffeGiraffidaeGiraffa camelopardalis: G. c. camelopardalis, G. c. reticulata, G. c. angolensis, G. c. antiquorum, G. c. tippelskirchi, G. c. rothschildi, G. c. giraffa, G. c. thornicrofti, G. c. peralta 700–1,400 kg (1,500–3,100 lb)[11]
11 Wild water buffaloBovidaeBubalus arnee[Note 2] 600–1,200 kg (1,300–2,600 lb)[13][12]
12 BisonBovidaeBison bison: B. b. athabascae, B. b. bison 540–1,400 kg (1,190–3,090 lb)[14]
13 Wild yakBovidaeBos mutus500–1,200 kg (1,100–2,600 lb)[15]
14 Sumatran rhinocerosRhinocerotidaeDicerorhinus sumatrensis500–1,000 kg (1,100–2,200 lb)[16]
15 GayalBovidaeBos frontalis650–1,000 kg (1,430–2,200 lb)[17]
16 KoupreyBovidaeBos sauveli680–910 kg (1,500–2,010 lb)[18][19]
17 BantengBovidaeBos javanicus: B. j. javanicus, B. j. lowi, B. j. birmanicus590–900 kg (1,300–1,980 lb)[20]
18 YakBovidaeBos grunniens300–1,000 kg (660–2,200 lb)[21]
19 Giant elandBovidaeTaurotragus derbianus: T. d. derbianus, T. d. gigas400–1,200 kg (880–2,650 lb)[22]
20 African buffaloBovidaeSyncerus caffer: S. c. caffer, S. c. nanus, S. c. brachyceros, S. c. mathewsi, S. c. aequinoctialis 300–870 kg (660–1,920 lb)[23][24]
21 ElandBovidaeTaurotragus oryx: T. o. livingstonii, T. o. oryx, T. o. pattersonianus400–1,000 kg (880–2,200 lb)[25][26]
22 WisentBovidaeBison bonasus500–1,000 kg (1,100–2,200 lb)[27][19]
23 Bactrian camelCamelidaeCamelus bactrianus, Camelus ferus300–1,000 kg (660–2,200 lb)[28][29]
24 Water buffaloBovidaeBubalus bubalis300–1,100 kg (660–2,430 lb)
25 DromedaryCamelidaeCamelus dromedarius400–1,000 kg (880–2,200 lb)[30]
26 CattleBovidaeBos taurus, Bos indicus, Bos primigenius200–1,700 kg (440–3,750 lb)[31][32]
27 MooseCervidaeAlces alces: A. a. alces, A. a. pfizenmayeri, A. a. cameloides, A. a. buturlini, A. a. americana, A. a. andersoni, A. a. gigas, A. a. shirasi200–820 kg (440–1,810 lb)[33][34][35]
28 Polar bearUrsidaeUrsus maritimus300–1,000 kg (660–2,200 lb)[36][37][38]
29 Brown bearUrsidaeUrsus arctos: U. a. arctos, U. a. collaris, U. a. beringianus, U. a. isabellinus, U. a. gobiensis, U. a. lasiotus, Ursus arctos marsicanus, U. a. syriacus, U. a. pruinosus, U. a. horribilis, U. a. gyas,U. a. middendorffi, U. a. sitkensis, U. a. stikeenensis, U. a. nelsoni, U. a. crowtheri150–1,000 kg (330–2,200 lb)[39][40][41][42]
30 ElkCervidaeCervus canadensis: C. c. alashanicus, C. c. kansuensis, C. c. macneilli, C. c. manitobensis, C. c. nannodes, C. c. nelsoni, C. c. roosevelti, C. c. xanthopygus, C. c. sibiricus, C. c. songaricus, C. c. wallichii170–600 kg (370–1,320 lb)[43][44]

Notes
  1. Entries are ordered by the median or mean body mass (in that order of preference), if available, or otherwise by the geometric mean of the body mass range limits.
  2. The domestic water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) also occurs as feral populations, sometimes in sympatry with Bubalus arnee.[12]

References
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  2. Stanford News Service Stanford News Service Retrieved April 3, 2016
  3. Larramendi, A. (2015). "Proboscideans: Shoulder Height, Body Mass and Shape" (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. doi:10.4202/app.00136.2014. S2CID 2092950. Retrieved 23 May 2020. This is the range for 90% of the male population; see Table 8.
  4. Morgan, B. J.; Lee, P. C. (2003). "Forest elephant (Loxodonta africana cyclotis) stature in the Reserve de Faune du Petit Loango, Gabon". Journal of Zoology. 259 (4): 337–344. doi:10.1017/s0952836902003291.
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