List of South American animals extinct in the Holocene

This is a list of extinct animals of South America, animals that became extinct in the Holocene Epoch in South America.

Map of South America

Mammals

Prehistoric mammal extinctions (beginning of the Holocene to 1500 C.E.)

Common name/scientific name	Extinction date	Range	Image\|-
Antifer Antifer crassus	11,000	Argentina, Brazil and Chile	--
Arctotherium Arctotherium sp.	11,000	South America
Canis nehringi	8,000	South America	--
Cuvieronius Cuvieronius sp.	4,000	South America
Dire wolf Aenocyon dirus	11,000	South America
Ground sloths Catonyx Eremotherium Glossotherium Lestodon Megatherium Mylodon Nematherium Nothrotherium Scelidotherium Scelidodon	6,000	South America
Glyptodonts Doedicurus Eleutherocercus Glyptodon Hoplophorus Lomaphorus Panochthus	11,000	South America
Hippidion	10,000	South America
Macrauchenia Macrauchenia sp.	10,000	South America
Neochoerus Neochoerus sp.	10,000	South America	--
Notiomastodon Notiomastodon platensis	10,000	South America
Saber-toothed cat Smilodon populator	10,000	northern South America
Stout-legged llama Palaeolama mirifica	10,000	South America	--
Theriodictis Theriodictis sp.	11,000	Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay	--
Toxodon Toxodon sp.	16,500	South America
Xenorhinotherium Xenorhinotherium bahiensis	10,000	Brazil and Venezuela	--

Recent mammal extinctions (1500 C.E. to the present)

Common name/scientific name	Extinction date	Range	Image
Candango mouse Juscelinomys candango[1]	1960	Brazil	--
Caribbean monk seal Monachus tropicalis[2]	1952	the Caribbean Sea
Darwin's Galápagos mouse Nesoryzomys darwini[3]	1929	Ecuador (the Galápagos Islands)	--
Falkland Islands wolf Dusicyon australis[4]	1876	the United Kingdom (the Falkland Islands)
Galápagos giant rat Megaoryzomys curioi[5]	unknown	Ecuador (the Galápagos Islands)
Indefatigable Galápagos mouse Nesoryzomys indefessus[6]	the 1930s	Ecuador (the Galápagos Islands)	--
Giant vampire bat Desmodus draculae [7]	unknown	Bolivia, Brazil and Venezuela
Peruvian viscacha Lagostomus crassus[8]	before 1910	Peru	--
Red-bellied gracile opossum Cryptonanus ignitus[9]	1962	Argentina	--
Vespucci's rodent Noronhomys vespuccii[10]	1503?	Brazil	--

Possibly extinct mammals

Common name/scientific name	Extinction date	Range	Image
One-striped opossum Monodelphis unistriata) [11]	1899	Argentina and Brazil	--
Pacific degu Octodon pacificus[12]	1994	Mocha Island, Chile	--
Zuniga's dark rice rat Melanomys zunigae [13]	1942	Peru	--

Birds

Recent bird extinctions (1500 C.E. to the present)

Common name/scientific name	Extinction date	Range	Image
Alejandro Selkirk Island firecrown Sephanoides fernandensis leyboldi	1908	Chile
Colombian grebe Podiceps andinus	1970	Colombia	--
Darwin's ground finch Geospiza magnirostris magnirostris	1957	Ecuador (the Galápagos Islands)	--
Niceforo's pintail Anas georgica niceforoi	1952	Colombia	--
San Cristóbal vermilion flycatcher Pyrocephalus rubinus dubius	the 1980s	Ecuador (the Galápagos Islands)	--
Red-throated wood-rail Aramides gutturalis	1843	Peru

Possibly extinct birds

Common name/scientific name	Extinction date	Range	Image
Eskimo curlew Numenius borealis	1939 (South America), 1962 (North America)	Brazil, Argentina, Perú and Chile
Glaucous macaw Anodorhynchus glaucus	the 1960s	Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay
Hooded seedeater Sporophila melanops	1823	Brazil	--
Letitia's thorntail Discosura letitiae	1852	Bolivia
Turquoise-throated puffleg Eriocnemis godini	1850	Colombia and Ecuador

Amphibians

Recent amphibian extinctions (1500 C.E. to the present)

Common name/scientific name	Extinction date	Range	Image
Atelopus vogli[14]	1933	Venezuela	--
Spiny-knee leaf frog Phrynomedusa fimbriata[15]	the 1920s	Brazil	--

Possibly extinct amphibians

Common name/scientific name	Extinction date	Range	Image
Chile Darwin's frog Rhinoderma rufum[16]	1980	Chile	--

Reptiles

Recent reptile extinctions (1500 C.E. to the present)

Common name/scientific name	Extinction date	Range	Image
Charles Island tortoise Chelonoidis nigra[17]	1850	Ecuador (the Galápagos Islands)
Pinta Island tortoise Chelonoidis abingdonii[18]	June 24, 2012	Ecuador (the Galápagos Islands)

Fish

Recent fish extinctions (1500 C.E. to the present)

Common name/scientific name	Extinction date	Range	Image
Greasefish Rhizosomichthys totae[19]	unknown	Colombia	--
Titicaca orestias Orestias cuvieri[20]	1930s	Lake Titicaca, Bolivia and Peru

Mollusks

Common name\scientific name	Extinction date	Range	Image
Biotocus turbinatus	unknown	Brazil
Digerus gibberulus	unknown	Brazil	--
Littoridina gaudichaudii	1933	Ecuador
Megalobulimus cardosoi	unknown	Brazil	--

Worms

Rhinodrilus fafner
1912, Brazil

Insects

Megadytes ducalis[21]
unknown, Brazil
Rhantus orbignyi[22]
unknown, Argentina and Brazil

References

Roach, N. (2019). "Juscelinomys candango". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T10946A160756258. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T10946A160756258.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
Lowry, L. (2015). "Neomonachus tropicalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T13655A45228171. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T13655A45228171.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
Tirira, D.G.; Weksler, M. (2019). "Nesoryzomys darwini". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T14706A22390382. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T14706A22390382.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
Sillero-Zubiri, C. (2015). "Dusicyon australis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T6923A82310440. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T6923A82310440.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
Weksler, M.; Tirira, D.G. (2019). "Megaoryzomys curioi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T136657A22330270. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T136657A22330270.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
Tirira, D.G.; Weksler, M. (2019). "Nesoryzomys indefessus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T14708A22390443. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T14708A22390443.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
Turvey, S. (2008). "Desmodus draculae (Giant Vampire Bat)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2013.old-form url
Roach, N. (2016). "Lagostomus crassus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T136452A78324250. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T136452A78324250.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
Flores, D. (2016). "Cryptonanus ignitus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41320A22177809. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T41320A22177809.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
Weksler, M.; Costa , L.M. (2019). "Noronhomys vespuccii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T136692A22333193. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T136692A22333193.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
Pavan, S. (2016). "Monodelphis unistriata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T13703A22171555. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T13703A22171555.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
Roach, N. (2016). "Octodon pacificus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T15090A78321512. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T15090A78321512.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
Zeballos, H.; Vivar, E. (2019). "Melanomys zunigae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T13048A22344408. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T13048A22344408.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2020). "Atelopus vogli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T54561A109529582. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T54561A109529582.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
Carlos Alberto Gonçalves da Cruz, Bruno Pimenta (2004). "Phrynomedusa fimbriata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004: e.T17078A6797217. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T17078A6797217.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2015). "Rhinoderma rufum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T19514A79809567. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T19514A79809567.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
van Dijk, P.P.; Rhodin, A.G.J.; Cayot, L.J.; Caccone, A. (2017). "Chelonoidis niger". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T9023A3149101. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T9023A3149101.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
Cayot, L.J.; Gibbs, J.P.; Tapia, W.; Caccone, A. (2016). "Chelonoidis abingdonii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T9017A65487433. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T9017A65487433.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
Mesa-Salazar, L.; Mojica, J. (2016). "Rhizosomichthys totae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T19661A61472482. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T19661A61472482.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Orestias cuvieri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T15491A4665163. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T15491A4665163.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Megadytes ducalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T12944A3400572. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T12944A3400572.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Rhantus orbignyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T19461A8894689. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T19461A8894689.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.

Bibliographies

BirdLife International (2005) Species factsheet: Calyptura cristata. Downloaded from http://www.birdlife.org on 25/3/2006
IUCN 2004. 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 24 March 2006.
Maas, P.H.J. 2005. Rediscovered Animals. The Extinction Website. Downloaded from https://web.archive.org/web/20111013123736/http://extinct.petermaas.nl/ on 25/3/2006

External links

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[1] Roach, N. (2019). "Juscelinomys candango". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T10946A160756258. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T10946A160756258.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.

[2] Lowry, L. (2015). "Neomonachus tropicalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T13655A45228171. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T13655A45228171.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.

[3] Tirira, D.G.; Weksler, M. (2019). "Nesoryzomys darwini". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T14706A22390382. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T14706A22390382.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.

[4] Sillero-Zubiri, C. (2015). "Dusicyon australis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T6923A82310440. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T6923A82310440.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.

[5] Weksler, M.; Tirira, D.G. (2019). "Megaoryzomys curioi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T136657A22330270. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T136657A22330270.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.

[6] Tirira, D.G.; Weksler, M. (2019). "Nesoryzomys indefessus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T14708A22390443. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T14708A22390443.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.

[7] Turvey, S. (2008). "Desmodus draculae (Giant Vampire Bat)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2013.old-form url

[8] Roach, N. (2016). "Lagostomus crassus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T136452A78324250. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T136452A78324250.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.

[9] Flores, D. (2016). "Cryptonanus ignitus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T41320A22177809. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T41320A22177809.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.

[10] Weksler, M.; Costa , L.M. (2019). "Noronhomys vespuccii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T136692A22333193. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T136692A22333193.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.

[11] Pavan, S. (2016). "Monodelphis unistriata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T13703A22171555. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T13703A22171555.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.

[12] Roach, N. (2016). "Octodon pacificus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T15090A78321512. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T15090A78321512.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.

[13] Zeballos, H.; Vivar, E. (2019). "Melanomys zunigae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T13048A22344408. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T13048A22344408.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.

[14] IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2020). "Atelopus vogli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T54561A109529582. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T54561A109529582.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.

[15] Carlos Alberto Gonçalves da Cruz, Bruno Pimenta (2004). "Phrynomedusa fimbriata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004: e.T17078A6797217. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T17078A6797217.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.

[16] IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2015). "Rhinoderma rufum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T19514A79809567. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T19514A79809567.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.

[17] van Dijk, P.P.; Rhodin, A.G.J.; Cayot, L.J.; Caccone, A. (2017). "Chelonoidis niger". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T9023A3149101. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T9023A3149101.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.

[18] Cayot, L.J.; Gibbs, J.P.; Tapia, W.; Caccone, A. (2016). "Chelonoidis abingdonii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T9017A65487433. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T9017A65487433.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.

[19] Mesa-Salazar, L.; Mojica, J. (2016). "Rhizosomichthys totae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T19661A61472482. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T19661A61472482.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.

[20] World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Orestias cuvieri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T15491A4665163. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T15491A4665163.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.

[21] World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Megadytes ducalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T12944A3400572. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T12944A3400572.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.

[22] World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Rhantus orbignyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T19461A8894689. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T19461A8894689.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.