List of volcanic eruptions by death toll

Volcanic eruptions can be highly explosive. Some volcanoes have undergone catastrophic eruptions, killing large numbers of humans or other life forms. This list documents volcanic eruptions by human death toll.

Volcanic eruptions
Human death toll Volcano Location Year Source(s)
71,000 to 250,100+ (caused the Year Without a Summer) Mount TamboraIndonesia1815[1][2]
36,000+KrakatoaIndonesia1883[3]
30,000Mount PeléeMartinique1902[4]
23,000Nevado del RuizColombia1985[5]
20,000~ (estimated)SantoriniGreecec. 1600 BC[6][7]
15,000 to 20,000 Mount SamalasIndonesia 1257
15,000Mount UnzenJapan1792[8]
13,000+ (estimated)Mount VesuviusItaly79[9]
10,000+Laki and GrímsvötnIceland1783[10]
10,000KeludIndonesia1586
6,000Santa MariaGuatemala1902[11]
5,000KeludIndonesia1919[12]
4,011Mount GalunggungIndonesia1822[13]
3,360Mount VesuviusItaly1631
3,000Ritter IslandPapua New Guinea1888[14]
2,957Mount PapandayanIndonesia1772[15]
2,942Mount LamingtonPapua New Guinea1951[15]
2,806Mount AwuIndonesia1856[15]
2,033Oshima OshimaJapan1741[16]
2,000Tseax ConeCanada1700 c. 1700[17][18]
1,900El ChichónMexico1982[19]
1,680SoufrièreSt. Vincent1902
1,584Mount AgungIndonesia1963
1,532Mount AwuIndonesia1892[15]
1,500HuaynaputinaPeru1600[20][21]
1,369Mount MerapiIndonesia1930[15]
1,335Mount MayonPhilippines1897
1,300Taal VolcanoPhilippines1911
1,151Mount AsamaJapan1783
1,000Nevado del RuizColombia1845
1,000CotopaxiEcuador1877
847Mount PinatuboPhilippines1991
600Nevado del RuizColombia1595
500Hibok-HibokPhilippines1951
477Mount BandaiJapan1888
426Anak KrakatoaIndonesia2018[22]
416RuangIndonesia1871
400+KilaueaHawai'i1790[23]
353Mount MerapiIndonesia2010
326MakianIndonesia1861[15]
245NyiragongoDemocratic Republic of the Congo2002
216 Mount Vesuvius Italy 1906 [24]
190Volcán de FuegoGuatemala2018[25]
151Mount RuapehuNew Zealand1953
150Mount TaraweraNew Zealand1886
150Tori-shimaJapan1902[26]
144Mount TokachiJapan1926[27]
106DubbiEritrea1861[15]
87Volcán ArenalCosta Rica1968
70NyiragongoDemocratic Republic of the Congo1977
70~ Kolumbo Greece 1650 [28]
63Mount OntakeJapan2014[29]
57 Semeru Indonesia 2021 [30]
57Mount St. HelensUnited States1980[31]
56Mount EtnaItaly1843[15]
43Mount UnzenJapan1991
39TaalPhilippines2020
32 Mount Nyiragongo Democratic Republic of the Congo 2021 [32]
31Bayonnaise RocksJapan1952[15]
31Nabro VolcanoEritrea2011[33]
27Mount VesuviusItaly1944[15]
22Whakaari/White IslandNew Zealand2019[34]
19Soufrière HillsMontserrat1997[35]
18GalunggungIndonesia1982
16SinabungIndonesia2014[36]
10Whakaari/White IslandNew Zealand1914
9GalerasColombia1993[37]
9 Mount Etna Italy 1979 [38]
6 Hunga Tonga Tonga 2022 [39]
5Mount HudsonChile1971
4Jebel at TairYemen2007[40]
4 Stromboli Italy 1930 [41]
3PacayaGuatemala2010
3Canlaon VolcanoPhilippines1996
2 Mount Bromo Indonesia 2004
1 Cumbre Vieja Spain 2021 [42]
1 Stromboli Italy 2019 [43]
1 Raoul Island New Zealand 2006 [44]
1EldfellIceland1973[45][46][47]

See also

References
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