List of countries by population in 1900

This is a list of countries by population in 1900. Estimate numbers are from the beginning of the year and exact population figures are for countries that held a census on various dates in the year 1900.

Rank	Country/Territory	Population c. 1900 estimate[1]	Percentage of World Population
—	earth	1,700,100,000	-
1	British Empire[lower-alpha 1] constituents   British Asia – 301,041,000 constituents  British Raj – 294,000,000  Ceylon – 3,912,000  Malaya – 900,000  Straits Settlements – 550,000  Sarawak – 500,000  Hong Kong – 325,000  North Borneo – 300,000  Cyprus – 240,000  Bahrain – 70,000  Trucial Oman – 70,000  Maldives – 56,000  Aden Protectorate – 45,000  Kuwait – 40,000  Brunei – 22,000  Qatar – 11,000   British Africa – 44,587,195 constituents  Egypt – 10,186,000 Northern Nigeria – 8,500,000 Southern Nigeria – 7,500,000 Anglo-Egyptian Sudan – 5,588,000 Cape Colony – 2,500,000  Uganda – 1,649,000  Gold Coast – 1,486,400  Kenya – 1,352,000 Sierra Leone (including protectorate) – 1,027,000 Colony of Natal – 925,100  Northern Rhodesia – 770,000 Nyasaland – 717,000  Southern Rhodesia – 692,000  Basutoland – 383,000  Mauritius – 375,000  British Somaliland – 300,000 Zanzibar (UK and Oman) – 250,000 Gambia – 165,000 Bechuanaland – 90,000 Swaziland – 90,000 Seychelles – 22,000  Witu – 15,000  Saint Helena – 4,500  Ascension Island – 100  Tristan da Cunha – 95  United Kingdom – 44,498,900  Canada – 5,301,000  Australia – 3,765,700 constituents  Territory of Papua – 400,000   British West Indies – 1,685,000 constituents  Jamaica – 720,000  Trinidad and Tobago – 320,000  Barbados – 182,000  Grenada – 70,000  Bahamas – 55,000  Saint Lucia – 50,000  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines – 49,000  British Honduras – 45,000  Saint Kitts (with Nevis) – 45,000  Antigua (with Barbuda and Redonda) – 35,000  Dominica – 32,000  Gilbert Islands – 30,000  Bermuda – 20,000  Montserrat – 12,000  Turks and Caicos Islands – 5,500  British Virgin Islands – 5,000  Cayman Islands – 5,000  Anguilla – 4,500  New Zealand – 802,200  British Guiana – 300,000 Newfoundland – 230,000   Western Pacific Territories – 210,689 constituents  Fiji – 125,000 New Hebrides (Anglo-French condominium) – 50,000  Tonga – 21,000  Cook Islands – 6,000  Niue – 4,000  Elice Islands – 2,400  Christmas Island – 900  Cocos Islands – 650  Tokelau Islands – 500  Pitcairn Islands – 170  Phoenix Islands – 69  Malta – 195,000  Solomon Islands – 135,000  Gibraltar – 29,000  Falkland Islands – 2,300	~403,000,000	23.7%
2	Qing China[1] constituents  Qing China – ~395,800,000  Tibet – 4,200,000	400,000,000	23.5%
3	Russian Empire (including Finland and Poland) constituents  Russia proper – 87,162,000 Congress Poland – 14,103,766 Grand Duchy of Finland – 2,655,900  Bukhara - 1,250,000  Khiva - 400,000  Other - 30,734,234	136,305,900	8.0%
4	United States[1] (including colonies) constituents  Contiguous United States – 75,994,575  Cuba – 1,600,000  Puerto Rico – 986,000  Hawaii – 154,000  Alaska – 63,592  Guam – 12,000  American Samoa – 6,000	78,816,167	4.6%
5	France (including colonies) constituents  France – 38,900,000  French Indochina – 15,164,500 constituents Tonkin – 6,000,000 Annam – 4,620,000  French Cochinchina – 2,968,500  Cambodia – 1,103,000 Protectorate of Laos – 473,000  French West Africa – 11,439,000 constituents  French Sudan – 2,672,000  Upper Volta – 2,222,000  Colony of Niger – 1,459,000  French Guinea – 1,459,000  Ivory Coast – 1,355,000  Senegal – 1,200,000  Colony of Dahomey and Dependencies – 570,000  Colony of Mauritania – 502,000  French North Africa – 5,575,000 constituents  French Algeria – 4,675,000  French protectorate of Tunisia – 1,900,000  Colony of Madagascar and Dependencies – 2,539,500 constituents  French Madagascar – 2,249,500  Réunion – 178,000  Comoros – 112,000  French Equatorial Africa – 1,825,000 constituents  Territory of Chad – 675,000  Colony of Ubangi-Shari – 630,000  French Congo – 280,000  Gabon – 240,000  French India – 280,000  French West Indies – 375,000 constituents  Guadeloupe – 190,000  Martinique – 185,000  Leased Territory of Guangzhouwan – 185,000  New Caledonia – 54,000  French Somaliland – 50,000 Anglo-French Joint Naval Commission – 50,000  French Polynesia – 30,000  French Guiana – 24,000  Wallis and Futuna – 6,000  Saint Pierre and Miquelon – 5,000	78,790,700	4.6%
6	German Empire[2] (including colonies) constituents  Germany – 56,367,178  Kamerun – 3,500,000  German East Africa – 3,500,000  Ruanda-Urundi – 2,700,000  Togoland – 920,000  German South West Africa – 210,000  German New Guinea – 188,000  Kiaochow – 60,000  German Solomon Islands – 50,000  German Samoa – 37,000  Caroline Islands – 36,000  Micronesia – 15,000  Marshall Islands – 15,000  Palau – 4,000 Neutral Moresnet – 3,000  Mariana Islands – 2,500  Nauru – 1,500	67,609,178	4.0%
7	Dutch Empire[lower-alpha 2][1] constituents  Netherlands – 5,104,100  Dutch East Indies – 42,746,000  Surinam – 86,000  Netherlands Antilles – 44,000	47,980,100	2.8%
8	Austria-Hungary[1]	47,295,100	2.8%
9	Empire of Japan[3] constituents  Japan – 43,847,000  Taiwan - 2,758,161	46,605,000	2.7%
10	Kingdom of Italy[1] (including colonies) constituents  Kingdom of Italy – 32,475,000  Italian Somaliland - 400,000  Eritrea - 220,000	33,095,000	1.9%
11	Ottoman Empire[lower-alpha 3][lower-alpha 4][1] constituents Cretan State – 310,000	31,706,300	1.9%
12	Spanish Empire[1] constituents  Spain – 18,594,000  Spanish Guinea – 150,000  Rio de Oro – 40,000  Fernando Po – 25,000  Spanish Morocco – 22,000  Elobey, Annobón, and Corsico – 3,000	18,834,000	1.1%
13	Brazil[1]	17,984,000	1.1%
14	Korean Empire[4]	17,082,000	1.0%
15	Belgian colonial empire[1] constituents  Belgium – 6,693,500  Congo Free State – 8,730,000 Neutral Moresnet – 3,000	15,426,500	0.9%
16	Mexico[1]	13,607,000	0.8%
17	Portuguese Empire constituents  Portugal – 5,450,000  Portuguese West Africa – 4,790,000  Portuguese East Africa – 2,239,000  Portuguese India – 475,000  Portuguese Timor – 300,000  Azores – 260,000  Guinea – 200,000  Madeira – 160,000  Cape Verde – 140,000  Macau – 80,000  São Tomé and Príncipe – 61,000	12,434,000	0.7%
18	Ethiopian Empire[1] (aka Abyssinia)	12,180,600[5]	0.7%
19	Sublime State of Iran[1]	9,860,000	0.6%
20	Philippines[1]	7,409,000	0.4%
21	Union between Sweden and Norway[1] constituents  Sweden – 5,136,400  Norway – 2,218,000	7,354,400	0.4%
22	Morocco[6]	7,000,000	0.4%
23	Siam[1]	6,320,000	0.4%
24	Romania[1]	6,000,000	0.4%
25	Afghanistan[1]	4,550,000	0.3%
26	Argentina[1]	4,542,000	0.3%
27	Emirate of Jabal Shammr[lower-alpha 5]	~4,218,000	~0.2%
28	Colombia[lower-alpha 6][1]	4,157,000	0.2%
29	Bulgaria[1]	3,744,300	0.2%
30	Nepal[1] (nominally independent British protectorate)	3,599,000	0.2%
31	Switzerland[1]	3,315,400	0.2%
32	Chile[1]	3,110,100	0.18%
33	Peru[1]	3,000,000	0.18%
34	Serbia[1][lower-alpha 7]	2,579,800	0.15%
35	Denmark[1][lower-alpha 8] (including overseas territories) constituents  Denmark – 2,430,000  Iceland – 82,000  Danish Virgin Islands – 28,000  Faroe Islands – 17,000  Greenland – 13,000	2,569,000	0.15%
36	Greece[7]	2,504,070	0.15%
37	Venezuela[1]	2,445,000	0.14%
38	Bolivia[1]	1,766,000	0.10%
39	South African Republic	1,400,000
40	Ecuador[1]	1,271,900
41	Uruguay[1]	943,000
42	Guatemala[1]	885,000
43	El Salvador[1]	801,000
44	Liberia[1]	641,000
45	Paraguay[1]	635,600
46	Dominican Republic[1]	600,000
47	Honduras[1]	543,700
48	Muscat and Oman	500,000
49	Nicaragua[1]	429,300
50	Orange Free State	400,000
51	Costa Rica	341,600
52	Montenegro	320,000
53	Bhutan (nominally independent British protectorate)	280,000
54	Luxembourg	252,000
55	Monaco	19,000
56	San Marino	11,000
57	Liechtenstein	10,000
58	Andorra	6,000
59	Tavolara (claimed by Italy)	55

Historical Demographics
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World population estimates
List of Countries by Population
1800	1900	1907

World map of 1910 showing colonial possessions and commercial highways