List of countries by Fragile States Index
This is a list of countries by order of appearance in the Fragile States Index (formerly the Failed States Index) of the United States think tank Fund for Peace.
Countries according to the 2020 Fragile States Index
Very high alert (111–120)
High alert (101–110)
Alert (91–100)
High warning (81–90)
Elevated warning (71–80)
Warning (61–70)
Less Stable (51–60)
Stable (41–50)
More Stable (31–40)
Sustainable (21–30)
Very sustainable (0–20)
Data unavailable
A fragile state has several attributes. Common indicators include a state whose central government is so weak or ineffective that it has little practical control over much of its territory; non-provision of public services; widespread corruption and criminality; refugees and involuntary movement of populations; and sharp economic decline.[1] Since 2005, the index has been published annually by the Fund for Peace and the magazine Foreign Policy. The list has been cited by journalists and academics in making broad comparative points about countries or regions.[2][3]
The report uses 12 factors to determine the rating for each nation, including security threats, economic implosion, human rights violations and refugee flows.
Indicators of a fragile state
The following factors are used by Fund For Peace to determine the overall status of a country.[4]
- Cohesion
- Security apparatus
- Factionalized elites
- Group grievance
- Economic
- Economic decline
- Uneven economic development
- Human flight and brain drain
- Political
- State legitimacy
- Public services
- Human rights and rule of law
- Social
- Demographic pressures
- Refugees and internally displaced people
- Cross-cutting
- External intervention
Fragile States Index 2021
The table below shows the FSI for 2021,[5] with comparisons of each country's current score to previous years' indices.[6] A higher score (with a maximum of 120) indicates a weaker, more vulnerable, or more fragile situation in the country.
| Rank | Country | 2021 score | Change from 2020 | Change from 2019 | Change from 2018 | Change from 2017 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  Yemen | 111.7 |  0.7 | 1.8 | 1.0 |  0.6 |
| 2 |  Somalia | 110.9 |  | 1.4 | 2.3 | 2.5 |
| 3 |  Syria | 110.7 | | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.1 |
| 4 |  South Sudan | 109.4 | 1.4 | 2.8 | 4.0 | 4.5 |
| 5 |  DR Congo | 108.4 | 1.0 | 1.8 | 2.3 | 1.6 |
| 6 |  Central African Republic | 107.0 | 0.5 | 1.9 | 4.1 | 5.6 |
| 7 |  Chad | 105.8 | 0.6 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 3.6 |
| 8 |  Sudan | 105.2 | 0.4 | 2.8 | 3.5 | 5.4 |
| 9 | .svg.png.webp){kind=small} Afghanistan | 102.1 | 0.8 | 2.9 | 4.5 | 5.2 |
| 10 |  Zimbabwe | 99.1 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 3.2 | 2.5 |
| 11 |  Ethiopia | 99.0 | 4.4 | 4.8 | 0.6 | 2.1 |
| 12 |  Nigeria | 98.0 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 1.9 | 3.6 |
| 13 |  Haiti | 97.5 | 0.2 | 1.8 | 4.5 | 7.8 |
| 14 |  Guinea | 97.4 | 0.2 | 2.0 | 4.2 | 5.0 |
| 15 |  Cameroon | 97.2 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 1.9 | 1.6 |
| 16 |  Burundi | 97.1 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 0.3 | 1.8 |
| 17 |  Libya | 97.0 | 1.8 | 4.8 | 2.4 | 0.7 |
 Eritrea | 97.0 | 1.2 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 1.1 | |
| 19 |  Mali | 96.6 | 0.6 | 2.1 | 3.0 | 3.7 |
| 20 |  Iraq | 96.2 | 0.3 | 2.9 | 6.0 | 9.2 |
| 21 |  Niger | 96.0 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 1.4 |
| 22 |  Mozambique | 93.9 | 2.2 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 4.9 |
| 23 |  Myanmar | 93.8 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 2.3 | 1.9 |
| 24 |  Uganda | 92.9 | 0.1 | 2.4 | 2.2 | 3.1 |
| 25 |  Venezuela | 92.6 | 1.4 | 3.3 | 6.4 | 9.7 |
| 26 |  Congo | 92.4 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 1.0 |
| 27 |  Guinea-Bissau | 92.0 | 0.9 | 3.5 | 6.1 | 7.5 |
| 28 |  Côte d'Ivoire | 90.7 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 3.9 | 5.8 |
| 29 |  Pakistan | 90.5 | 1.6 | 3.7 | 5.8 | 8.4 |
| 30 |  North Korea | 90.0 | 0.2 | 2.7 | 3.2 | 3.3 |
| 31 |  Liberia | 89.5 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 3.1 | 4.3 |
| 32 |  Kenya | 89.2 | 1.1 | 4.3 | 8.2 | 7.2 |
| 33 |  Mauritania | 89.1 | 0.4 | 1.0 | 3.1 | 4.6 |
| 34 |  Lebanon | 89.0 | 4.3 | 4.0 | 2.2 | 0.8 |
 Angola | 89.0 | 1.7 | 1.2 | 0.4 | 2.1 | |
| 36 |  Burkina Faso | 87.1 | 1.2 | 3.2 | 0.6 | 0.9 |
| 37 |  Palestine[lower-alpha 1] | 86.0 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| 38 |  Togo | 85.1 | 0.7 | 2.3 | 0.1 | 1.2 |
| 39 |  Egypt | 85.0 | 1.0 | 3.4 | 3.7 | 4.8 |
 Bangladesh | 85.0 | 0.7 | 2.7 | 5.3 | 4.1 | |
 Rwanda | 85.0 | 1.0 | 2.5 | 4.3 | 5.8 | |
| 42 |  Zambia | 84.9 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 2.3 | 2.9 |
| 43 |  Iran | 84.5 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 0.2 | 1.3 |
| 44 |  Equatorial Guinea | 84.1 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 0.7 | 0.9 |
| 45 |  Sierra Leone | 83.4 | 1.0 | 3.4 | 5.7 | 5.9 |
| 46 |  Malawi | 83.2 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 2.3 | 4.8 |
| 47 |  Eswatini | 82.5 | 0.5 | 2.8 | 5.0 | 6.3 |
 Comoros | 82.5 | 1.3 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 2.3 | |
| 49 |  Philippines | 82.4 | 1.4 | 0.7 | 3.1 | 2.0 |
 Djibouti | 82.4 | 0.3 | 2.7 | 4.7 | 6.5 | |
| 51 |  Nepal | 82.2 | 0.4 | 2.5 | 5.7 | 8.8 |
| 52 |  Timor-Leste | 80.9 | 1.8 | 4.6 | 7.4 | 9.6 |
 Papua New Guinea | 80.9 | 1.4 | 2.2 | 3.9 | 5.5 | |
| 54 |  Cambodia | 80.6 | 0.3 | 1.9 | 3.4 | 5.1 |
| 55 |  Sri Lanka | 80.5 | 1.3 | 3.5 | 4.4 | 6.1 |
 Gambia | 80.5 | 1.7 | 3.4 | 6.6 | 8.9 | |
| 57 |  Turkey | 79.7 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 2.5 | 1.1 |
| 58 |  Madagascar | 79.5 | | 1.4 | 4.1 | 4.5 |
| 59 |  Honduras | 79.4 | 2.6 | 1.6 | 2.1 | 0.3 |
 Guatemala | 79.4 | 0.2 | 2.0 | 2.4 | 3.7 | |
| 61 |  Solomon Islands | 79.3 | 0.4 | 2.6 | 3.8 | 5.5 |
 Tanzania | 79.3 | 1.2 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 1.0 | |
 Colombia | 79.3 | 2.7 | 3.6 | 2.7 | 0.4 | |
| 64 |  Lesotho | 77.9 | 0.4 | 1.8 | 2.2 | 3.8 |
| 65 |  Nicaragua | 77.1 | | 1.0 | 1.8 | 0.3 |
| 66 |  India | 77.0 | 1.7 | 2.6 | 0.7 | 0.9 |
| 67 |  Jordan | 76.8 | 1.4 | 0.9 | | 1.9 |
| 68 |  Kyrgyzstan | 76.4 | 2.5 | 0.2 | 2.2 | 3.9 |
| 69 |  Laos | 76.0 | 0.9 | 2.7 | 4.7 | 6.4 |
| 70 |  Brazil | 75.8 | 2.8 | 4.0 | 7.1 | 7.6 |
| 71 |  Azerbaijan | 75.1 | 3.8 | 1.9 | 0.5 | 1.2 |
 Tajikistan | 75.1 | 0.4 | 2.6 | 4.4 | 6.7 | |
| 73 | .svg.png.webp){kind=small} Bolivia | 74.9 | 0.1 | 2.0 | 0.3 | 1.9 |
| 74 |  Algeria | 73.6 | 1.0 | 1.8 | 2.2 | 3.2 |
 Russia | 73.6 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 3.6 | 5.6 | |
| 76 |  Senegal | 73.4 | 1.2 | 3.8 | 6.2 | 8.9 |
| 77 |  Bosnia-Herzegovina | 72.9 | 2.7 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 0.1 |
| 78 |  Benin | 72.8 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 2.9 | 4.8 |
| 79 |  Georgia | 72.6 | 1.4 | 0.6 | 1.4 | 3.9 |
| 80 |  Uzbekistan | 72.0 | 1.1 | 3.7 | 7.1 | 9.5 |
| 81 |  Micronesia | 71.7 | 0.5 | 1.3 | 2.7 | 4.7 |
| 82 |  El Salvador | 71.6 | 2.7 | 1.8 | 0.4 | 1.5 |
| 83 |  São Tomé and Príncipe | 71.5 | 1.2 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.6 |
 Morocco | 71.5 | 0.3 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 3.4 | |
| 85 |  Peru | 71.4 | 3.8 | 3.2 | 1.3 | 1.1 |
| 86 |  Ecuador | 71.2 | 1.8 | | 3.0 | 6.1 |
| 87 |  Thailand | 70.9 | 0.1 | 2.2 | 4.1 | 5.3 |
| 88 |  Fiji | 70.4 | 0.5 | 1.3 | 4.1 | 6.5 |
| 89 |  South Africa | 70.0 | 0.1 | 1.1 | 2.9 | 2.3 |
| 90 |  Mexico | 69.9 | 2.7 | 0.2 | 1.6 | 4.4 |
| 91 |  Ukraine | 69.8 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 2.8 | 4.2 |
 Armenia | 69.8 | 5.6 | 3.1 | 0.3 | 1.2 | |
| 93 |  Saudi Arabia | 69.7 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 1.5 |
| 94 |  Tunisia | 69.2 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 2.9 | 5.0 |
| 95 |  China | 68.9 | 1.0 | 2.2 | 3.5 | 5.8 |
| 96 |  Bhutan | 68.3 | 1.2 | 3.7 | 6.0 | 7.7 |
| 97 |  Turkmenistan | 68.2 | 0.9 | 3.2 | 4.4 | 6.2 |
| 98 |  Belarus | 68.0 | 2.2 | 0.2 | 2.5 | 4.4 |
| 99 |  Maldives | 67.6 | 1.4 | 2.2 | 4.8 | 6.8 |
 Indonesia | 67.6 | 0.2 | 2.8 | 4.7 | 5.3 | |
| 101 |  Serbia | 67.4 | 1.3 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 2.6 |
 Gabon | 67.4 | 1.7 | 3.1 | 5.1 | 6.4 | |
| 103 |  Moldova | 67.0 | 1.0 | 0.1 | 2.5 | 5.0 |
| 104 |  Bahrain | 66.7 | 2.8 | 2.9 | 2.3 | 1.8 |
| 105 |  Paraguay | 66.4 | 1.2 | 0.6 | 3.4 | 5.2 |
| 106 |  Guyana | 66.1 | 0.1 | 2.1 | 4.3 | 5.2 |
| 107 |  Dominican Republic | 64.7 | 0.3 | 1.5 | 4.5 | 4.3 |
| 108 |  North Macedonia | 64.5 | 2.4 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 1.6 |
| 109 |  Namibia | 64.3 | 0.8 | 2.1 | 4.5 | 6.1 |
| 110 |  Samoa | 64.2 | 0.9 | | 1.3 | 2.9 |
 Cape Verde | 64.2 | 0.6 | 2.4 | 3.8 | 5.9 | |
 Belize | 64.2 | 3.4 | 1.7 | 0.5 | 1.3 | |
| 113 |  Ghana | 63.9 | 0.3 | 2.0 | 4.2 | 5.8 |
| 114 |  Vietnam | 63.3 | 0.6 | 2.8 | 5.1 | 6.9 |
| 115 |  Suriname | 61.5 | 1.4 | 0.4 | 2.5 | 4.4 |
| 116 |  Kazakhstan | 61.2 | 1.4 | 0.4 | 2.2 | 4.7 |
 Jamaica | 61.2 | 1.2 | | 1.9 | 4.0 | |
| 118 |  Cuba | 59.5 | 0.3 | 1.3 | 3.4 | 5.1 |
| 119 |  Albania | 59.0 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 1.1 | 1.5 |
| 120 |  Montenegro | 58.5 | 3.0 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 2.8 |
| 121 |  Cyprus | 57.4 | 1.3 | 0.4 | 2.9 | 5.2 |
| 122 |  Botswana | 57.0 | 0.1 | 2.5 | 5.0 | 6.8 |
| 123 |  Malaysia | 56.9 | 0.7 | 3.6 | 6.7 | 8.5 |
| 124 |  Seychelles | 56.3 | 1.6 | 1.1 | 0.5 | 3.1 |
 Brunei | 56.3 | 0.3 | 1.2 | 3.5 | 5.3 | |
| 126 |  Grenada | 56.1 | 0.9 | 1.5 | 3.8 | 5.4 |
| 127 |  Antigua and Barbuda | 54.9 | 2.8 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.1 |
| 128 |  Greece | 54.5 | 2.4 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 3.0 |
| 129 |  Kuwait | 52.9 | 2.0 | 0.3 | 3.0 | 5.6 |
 Trinidad and Tobago | 52.9 | 1.0 | 0.1 | 1.7 | 3.8 | |
| 131 |  Bahamas | 52.4 | 2.5 | 3.6 | 2.4 | |
| 132 |  Mongolia | 52.3 | 0.4 | 1.8 | 2.6 | 4.4 |
| 133 |  Bulgaria | 51.6 | 2.4 | 1.0 | 0.1 | 2.1 |
| 134 |  Hungary | 51.1 | 3.5 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 0.9 |
| 135 |  Romania | 51.0 | 4.3 | 3.2 | 1.6 | 0.1 |
| 136 |  Oman | 50.4 | 2.4 | 0.4 | 2.2 | 2.1 |
| 137 |  Argentina | 50.1 | 4.0 | 4.1 | 4.0 | 1.9 |
| 138 |  Croatia | 49.8 | 3.7 | 2.3 | 1.1 | 0.8 |
| 139 |  Panama | 48.7 | 2.7 | 1.7 | 0.8 | 2.0 |
| 140 |  Barbados | 47.0 | 0.6 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 2.6 |
| 141 |  Italy | 45.2 | 2.8 | 1.4 | 1.4 | |
| 142 |  Spain | 44.8 | 4.4 | 4.1 | 3.4 | 6.9 |
| 143 |  United States | 44.6 | 6.3 | 6.6 | 6.9 | 9.0 |
| 144 |  Qatar | 44.1 | 0.4 | 1.3 | 4.0 | 0.1 |
 Chile | 44.1 | 1.6 | 5.2 | 3.4 | 3.0 | |
| 146 |  Latvia | 44.0 | 1.7 | 0.1 | 0.9 | 2.4 |
| 147 |  Poland | 43.1 | 2.1 | 0.3 | 1.6 | 2.3 |
| 148 |  Israel[lower-alpha 1] | 43.0 | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
| 149 |  Costa Rica | 42.5 | 2.3 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 1.6 |
| 150 |  United Kingdom | 41.5 | 3.2 | 4.8 | 7.2 | 8.3 |
| 151 |  United Arab Emirates | 40.3 | 2.2 | 0.2 | 2.5 | 3.4 |
| 152 |  Estonia | 39.5 | 1.0 | 1.3 | 3.5 | 5.2 |
| 153 |  Czechia | 39.3 | 3.6 | 1.7 | 0.3 | 0.8 |
| 154 |  Slovakia | 39.0 | 0.8 | 1.5 | 3.5 | 5.3 |
| 155 |  Lithuania | 38.7 | 2.2 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 3.0 |
| 156 |  Mauritius | 38.1 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 2.4 | 3.6 |
| 157 |  Malta | 36.2 | 2.6 | 1.7 | | 2.4 |
| 158 |  Uruguay | 35.9 | 2.5 | 1.9 | 0.5 | 0.9 |
| 159 |  South Korea | 32.5 | 0.5 | 1.2 | 3.2 | 5.6 |
 France | 32.5 | 2.0 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 1.0 | |
| 161 |  Japan | 32.2 | 0.1 | 2.1 | 2.3 | 5.2 |
| 162 | .svg.png.webp){kind=small} Belgium | 31.0 | 3.9 | 2.4 | 1.3 | 0.2 |
| 163 |  Slovenia | 28.2 | 2.4 | 0.2 | 2.1 | 4.2 |
| 164 |  Portugal | 26.8 | 3.3 | 1.5 | 0.5 | 2.2 |
| 165 |  Singapore | 26.6 | 0.3 | 1.5 | 3.8 | 5.9 |
| 166 |  Austria | 26.1 | 2.0 | 1.1 | 0.1 | 1.6 |
| 167 |  Germany | 24.8 | 1.6 | 0.1 | 1.0 | 3.3 |
| 168 |  Netherlands | 24.1 | 1.2 | 0.7 | 2.1 | 3.3 |
| 169 |  Ireland | 22.2 | 2.3 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 0.1 |
| 170 | .svg.png.webp){kind=small} Australia | 21.8 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 1.0 | 0.5 |
| 171 | .svg.png.webp){kind=small} Canada | 21.7 | 3.0 | 1.7 | 0.2 | 0.9 |
| 172 |  Sweden | 21.4 | 3.2 | 1.1 | 0.6 | 0.7 |
| 173 |  Luxembourg | 21.1 | 2.3 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 2.3 |
| 174 |  Switzerland | 19.9 | 2.8 | 1.2 | 0.7 | 1.2 |
| 175 |  Denmark | 18.8 | 1.6 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 2.7 |
| 176 |  New Zealand | 18.4 | 0.5 | 1.7 | 2.5 | 4.2 |
| 177 |  Iceland | 18.0 | 0.2 | 1.8 | 2.3 | 4.5 |
| 178 |  Norway | 16.6 | 0.4 | 1.4 | 1.7 | 3.9 |
| 179 |  Finland | 16.2 | 1.6 | 0.7 | 1.7 | 2.5 |
- Prior to the 2021 index, Israel and Palestine (West Bank) were scored as a single state.
References
- "What Does State Fragility Mean?". Fund for Peace.
- "Failing States: SOS". The Economist. June 19, 2007. Retrieved 1 December 2012.
- Bloom, David E. (May 5, 2011). "Africa's Daunting Challenges". New York Times. Retrieved 1 December 2012.
- "Fragile States Index and CAST Framework Methodology". Fund for Peace.
- "Fragile States Index 2021". Fund for Peace. 20 May 2021.
- "Country Dashboard". Fund for Peace.
External links
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