List of U.S. states and territories by African-American population

The following is a list of U.S. states, territories, and the District of Columbia ranked by the proportion of African Americans of full or partial descent including those of Hispanic origin, in the population. Considering only those who marked black and no other race in combination as in the first table, the percentage was 12.4% in 2020, down from 12.6% in 2010.[1] Considering those who marked black and any other race in combination as in the second table the percentage increased from 13.6% to 14.2%.

Proportion of African Americans in each U.S. state, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico as of the 2020 United States Census
Proportion of Black Americans in each county of the fifty states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico as of the 2020 United States Census

2020 census (single race)
% Black or African-
American alone[2]		 Rank State or territory Black or African-American alone
Population (2020)
76.0% 1 Virgin Islands (U.S.) 80,908[3]
41.4% 2  District of Columbia 285,810
36.6% 3  Mississippi 1,084,481
31.4% 4  Louisiana 1,464,023
31.0% 5 Georgia 3,320,513
29.5% 6  Maryland 1,820,472
25.8% 7  Alabama 1,296,162
25.0% 8  South Carolina 1,280,531
22.1% 9  Delaware 218,899
20.5% 10  North Carolina 2,140,217
18.6% 11  Virginia 1,607,581
15.8% 12  Tennessee 1,092,948
15.1% 13  Florida 3,246,381
15.1% 14  Arkansas 453,783
14.8% 15 New York 2,986,172
14.1% 16  Illinois 1,808,271
13.7% 17  Michigan 1,376,579
13.1% 18  New Jersey 1,219,770
12.5% 19  Ohio 1,478,781
12.4% −  United States of America 41,104,200
12.2% 20  Texas 3,552,997
11.4% 21  Missouri 699,840
10.9% 22  Pennsylvania 1,423,169
10.8% 23  Connecticut 388,675
9.8% 24  Nevada 304,739
9.6% 25  Indiana 648,513
8.0% 26  Kentucky 362,417
7.3% 27  Oklahoma 289,961
7.0% 28  Massachusetts 494,029
7.0% 29  Minnesota 398,434
7.0% 30  Puerto Rico 228,711
6.4% 31  Wisconsin 376,256
5.7% 32  California 2,237,044
5.7% 33  Kansas 168,809
5.7% 34  Rhode Island 62,168
4.9% 35  Nebraska 96,535
4.7% 36  Arizona 339,150
4.1% 37  Colorado 234,828
4.1% 38  Iowa 131,972
4.0% 39 Washington 307,565
3.9% 40  North Dakota 30,067
3.7% 41  West Virginia 65,813
3.0% 42  Alaska 21,898
2.2% 43  New Mexico 45,904
2.0% 44  Oregon 82,655
2.0% 45  South Dakota 17,842
1.9% 46  Maine 25,752
1.6% 47  Hawaii 23,417
1.5% 48  New Hampshire 20,127
1.4% 49  Vermont 9,034
1.2% 50  Utah 40,058
1.0%[4] 51  Guam 1,540[4]
0.9% 52  Idaho 15,726
0.9% 53  Wyoming 5,232
0.5% 54  Montana 5,484
0.1%[5] 55  Northern Mariana Islands 55[5]
0.02%[6] 56  American Samoa 13[6]

African-American proportion of state and territory populations (1790–2020)
African-American % of Population (1790–1990) Black or African American alone or in combination (2000-2020) by U.S. state and territory[7][8][9][10] [11] [12]
State/Territory179018001810182018301840185018601870188018901900191019201930194019501960197019801990200020102020
United States of America 19.3% 18.9% 19.0% 18.4% 18.1% 16.8% 15.7% 14.1% 12.7% 13.1% 11.9% 11.6% 10.7% 9.9% 9.7% 9.8% 10.0% 10.5% 11.1% 11.7% 12.1% 12.9% 13.6% 14.2%
Alabama 41.4% 29.0% 33.2% 38.5% 43.3% 44.7% 45.4% 47.7% 47.5% 44.8% 45.2% 42.5% 38.4% 35.7% 34.7% 32.0% 30.0% 26.2% 25.6% 25.3% 26.0% 26.3% 26.8%
Alaska 0.3% 0.3% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 3.0% 3.0% 3.4% 4.1% 4.3% 4.7% 4.8%
American Samoa 0.02% 0.04% 0.02%
Arizona 0.3% 0.3% 0.4% 1.5% 1.5% 1.0% 2.4% 2.5% 3.0% 3.5% 3.3% 3.0% 2.8% 3.0% 3.6% 5.0% 6.2%
Arkansas 13.0% 11.7% 15.5% 20.9% 22.7% 25.6% 25.2% 26.3% 27.4% 28.0% 28.1% 27.0% 25.8% 24.8% 22.3% 21.8% 18.3% 16.3% 15.9% 16.0% 16.1% 16.5%
California 1.0% 1.1% 0.8% 0.7% 0.9% 0.7% 0.9% 1.1% 1.4% 1.8% 4.4% 5.6% 7.0% 7.7% 7.4% 7.4% 7.2% 7.1%
Colorado 0.1% 1.1% 1.3% 1.5% 1.6% 1.4% 1.2% 1.1% 1.1% 1.5% 2.3% 3.0% 3.5% 4.0% 4.4% 5.0% 5.5%
Connecticut 2.3% 2.5% 2.6% 2.9% 2.7% 2.6% 2.1% 1.9% 1.8% 1.9% 1.6% 1.7% 1.4% 1.5% 1.8% 1.9% 2.7% 4.2% 6.0% 7.0% 8.3% 10.0% 11.3% 13.0%
Delaware 21.6% 22.4% 23.8% 24.0% 24.9% 25.0% 22.2% 19.3% 18.2% 18.0% 16.8% 16.6% 15.4% 13.6% 13.7% 13.5% 13.7% 13.6% 14.3% 16.1% 16.9% 20.1% 22.9% 24.7%
District of Columbia 30.4% 33.1% 31.2% 30.1% 29.1% 26.6% 19.1% 33.0% 33.6% 32.8% 31.1% 28.5% 25.1% 27.1% 28.2% 35.0% 53.9% 71.1% 70.3% 65.8% 61.3% 52.2% 44.2%
Florida 47.1% 48.7% 46.0% 44.6% 48.8% 47.0% 42.5% 43.7% 41.0% 34.0% 29.4% 27.1% 21.8% 17.8% 15.3% 13.8% 13.6% 15.5% 17.0% 17.2%
Georgia 35.9% 37.1% 42.5% 44.4% 42.6% 41.0% 42.4% 44.0% 46.0% 47.0% 46.7% 46.7% 45.1% 41.7% 36.8% 34.7% 30.9% 28.5% 25.9% 26.8% 27.0% 29.2% 31.5% 33.0%
Guam 2.37% 1.02% 0.96%
Hawaii 0.2% 0.4% 0.1% 0.2% 0.1% 0.5% 0.8% 1.0% 1.8% 2.5% 2.8% 2.9% 3.2%
Idaho 0.4% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.1% 0.2% 0.2% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.6% 1.0% 1.5%
Illinois 7.4% 6.4% 2.5% 1.5% 0.8% 0.6% 0.4% 1.1% 1.5% 1.5% 1.8% 1.9% 2.8% 4.3% 4.9% 7.4% 10.3% 12.8% 14.7% 14.8% 15.6% 15.4% 15.5%
Indiana 4.4% 2.6% 1.0% 1.1% 1.0% 1.1% 0.8% 1.5% 2.0% 2.1% 2.3% 2.2% 2.8% 3.5% 3.6% 4.4% 5.8% 6.9% 7.6% 7.8% 8.8% 10.1% 11.2%
Iowa 0.4% 0.2% 0.2% 0.5% 0.6% 0.6% 0.6% 0.7% 0.8% 0.7% 0.7% 0.8% 0.9% 1.2% 1.4% 1.7% 2.5% 3.7% 5.4%
Kansas 0.6% 4.7% 4.3% 3.5% 3.5% 3.2% 3.3% 3.5% 3.6% 3.8% 4.2% 4.8% 5.3% 5.8% 6.3% 7.1% 7.6%
Kentucky 17.0% 18.6% 20.2% 22.9% 24.7% 24.3% 22.5% 20.4% 16.8% 16.5% 14.4% 13.3% 11.4% 9.8% 8.6% 7.5% 6.9% 7.1% 7.2% 7.1% 7.1% 7.7% 8.7% 9.7%
Louisiana 55.2% 51.8% 58.5% 55.0% 50.7% 49.5% 50.1% 51.5% 50.0% 47.1% 43.1% 38.9% 36.9% 35.9% 32.9% 31.9% 29.8% 29.4% 30.8% 32.9% 32.8% 33.1%
Maine 0.6% 0.5% 0.4% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.2% 0.2% 0.3% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.1% 0.2% 0.1% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.4% 0.7% 1.6% 2.7%
Maryland 34.7% 36.7% 38.2% 36.1% 34.9% 32.3% 28.3% 24.9% 22.5% 22.5% 20.7% 19.8% 17.9% 16.9% 16.9% 16.6% 16.5% 16.7% 17.8% 22.7% 24.9% 28.8% 30.9% 32.0%
Massachusetts 1.4% 1.5% 1.4% 1.3% 1.2% 1.2% 0.9% 0.8% 1.0% 1.0% 1.0% 1.1% 1.1% 1.2% 1.2% 1.3% 1.6% 2.2% 3.1% 3.9% 5.0% 6.3% 7.8% 9.5%
Michigan 3.7% 3.0% 2.1% 0.8% 0.3% 0.6% 0.9% 1.0% 0.9% 0.7% 0.7% 0.6% 1.6% 3.5% 4.0% 6.9% 9.2% 11.2% 12.9% 13.9% 14.8% 15.2% 15.3%
Minnesota 0.6% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.4% 0.4% 0.4% 0.5% 0.7% 0.9% 1.3% 2.2% 4.1% 6.2% 8.5%
Mississippi 41.5% 47.0% 44.1% 48.4% 52.3% 51.2% 55.3% 53.7% 57.5% 57.6% 58.5% 56.2% 52.2% 50.2% 49.2% 45.3% 42.0% 36.8% 35.2% 35.6% 36.6% 37.6% 37.9%
Missouri 17.6% 15.9% 18.3% 15.6% 13.2% 10.0% 6.9% 6.7% 5.6% 5.2% 4.8% 5.2% 6.2% 6.5% 7.5% 9.0% 10.3% 10.5% 10.7% 11.7% 12.5% 13.0%
Montana 0.9% 0.9% 1.0% 0.6% 0.2% 0.3% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.3% 0.2% 0.3% 0.5% 0.8% 1.2%
Nebraska 0.3% 0.6% 0.5% 0.8% 0.6% 0.6% 1.0% 1.0% 1.1% 1.5% 2.1% 2.7% 3.1% 3.6% 4.4% 5.4% 6.4%
Nevada 0.7% 0.8% 0.8% 0.5% 0.3% 0.6% 0.4% 0.6% 0.6% 2.7% 4.7% 5.7% 6.4% 6.6% 7.5% 9.4% 12.1%
New Hampshire 0.6% 0.5% 0.5% 0.3% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0.3% 0.3% 0.4% 0.6% 1.0% 1.7% 2.4%
New Jersey 7.7% 8.0% 7.6% 7.2% 6.4% 5.8% 4.9% 3.8% 3.4% 3.4% 3.3% 3.7% 3.5% 3.7% 5.2% 5.5% 6.6% 8.5% 10.7% 12.6% 13.4% 14.4% 14.8% 15.2%
New Mexico 0.0% 0.1% 0.2% 0.8% 1.2% 0.8% 0.5% 1.6% 0.7% 0.9% 1.2% 1.8% 1.9% 1.8% 2.0% 2.3% 2.8% 3.2%
New York 7.6% 5.3% 4.2% 2.9% 2.3% 2.1% 1.6% 1.3% 1.2% 1.3% 1.2% 1.4% 1.5% 1.9% 3.3% 4.2% 6.2% 8.4% 11.9% 13.7% 15.9% 17.0% 17.2% 17.5%
North Carolina 26.8% 29.4% 32.2% 34.4% 35.9% 35.6% 36.4% 36.4% 36.6% 38.0% 34.7% 33.0% 31.6% 29.8% 29.0% 27.5% 25.8% 24.5% 22.2% 22.4% 22.0% 22.1% 22.6% 22.5%
North Dakota 1.0% 0.3% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.4% 0.4% 0.6% 0.8% 1.6% 4.4%
Northern Mariana Islands 0.06% 0.06% 0.1%
Ohio 0.5% 0.8% 0.8% 1.0% 1.1% 1.3% 1.6% 2.4% 2.5% 2.4% 2.3% 2.3% 3.2% 4.7% 4.9% 6.5% 8.1% 9.1% 10.0% 10.6% 12.1% 13.4% 14.4%
Oklahoma 8.4% 7.0% 8.3% 7.4% 7.2% 7.2% 6.5% 6.6% 6.7% 6.8% 7.4% 8.3% 8.7% 9.7%
Oregon 0.5% 0.2% 0.4% 0.3% 0.4% 0.3% 0.2% 0.3% 0.2% 0.2% 0.8% 1.0% 1.3% 1.4% 1.6% 2.1% 2.6% 3.2%
Pennsylvania 2.4% 2.7% 2.9% 2.9% 2.8% 2.8% 2.3% 2.0% 1.9% 2.0% 2.0% 2.5% 2.5% 3.3% 4.5% 4.7% 6.1% 7.5% 8.6% 8.8% 9.2% 10.5% 11.9% 12.7%
Puerto Rico 10.9% 14.8% 17.5%
Rhode Island 6.3% 5.3% 4.8% 4.3% 3.7% 3.0% 2.5% 2.3% 2.3% 2.3% 2.1% 2.1% 1.8% 1.7% 1.4% 1.5% 1.8% 2.1% 2.7% 2.9% 3.9% 5.5% 7.4% 9.1%
South Carolina 43.7% 43.2% 48.4% 52.8% 55.6% 56.4% 58.9% 58.6% 58.9% 60.7% 59.8% 58.4% 55.2% 51.4% 45.6% 42.9% 38.8% 34.8% 30.5% 30.4% 29.8% 29.9% 28.8% 26.8%
South Dakota 0.0% 0.6% 0.3% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.2% 0.2% 0.3% 0.5% 0.9% 1.8% 3.0%
Tennessee 10.6% 13.2% 17.5% 19.6% 21.4% 22.7% 24.5% 25.5% 25.6% 26.1% 24.4% 23.8% 21.7% 19.3% 18.3% 17.4% 16.1% 16.5% 15.8% 15.8% 16.0% 16.8% 17.4% 17.3%
Texas 27.5% 30.3% 31.0% 24.7% 21.8% 20.4% 17.7% 15.9% 14.7% 14.4% 12.7% 12.4% 12.5% 12.0% 11.9% 12.0% 12.6% 13.6%
Utah 0.4% 0.1% 0.1% 0.2% 0.3% 0.2% 0.3% 0.3% 0.2% 0.2% 0.4% 0.5% 0.6% 0.6% 0.7% 1.1% 1.6% 2.1%
Vermont 0.3% 0.4% 0.3% 0.4% 0.3% 0.3% 0.2% 0.2% 0.3% 0.3% 0.3% 0.2% 0.5% 0.2% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.2% 0.2% 0.3% 0.7% 1.5% 2.2%
Virgin Islands (U.S.) 76.62% 76.19% 76.03%
Virginia 43.4% 44.6% 47.1% 47.8% 47.9% 46.9% 45.0% 43.3% 41.9% 41.8% 38.4% 35.6% 32.6% 29.9% 26.8% 24.7% 22.1% 20.6% 18.5% 18.9% 18.8% 20.4% 20.7% 20.9%
Washington 0.3% 0.9% 0.4% 0.4% 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 0.4% 0.4% 1.3% 1.7% 2.1% 2.6% 3.1% 4.4% 4.8% 5.8%
West Virginia 9.5% 9.8% 11.5% 12.1% 11.2% 9.6% 7.8% 5.6% 4.1% 4.2% 4.3% 4.5% 5.3% 5.9% 6.6% 6.2% 5.7% 4.8% 3.9% 3.3% 3.1% 3.5% 4.2% 5.0%
Wisconsin 1.2% 1.8% 0.6% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.2% 0.4% 0.4% 0.8% 1.9% 2.9% 3.9% 5.0% 6.1% 7.1% 7.7%
Wyoming 2.0% 1.4% 1.5% 1.0% 1.5% 0.7% 0.6% 0.4% 0.9% 0.7% 0.8% 0.7% 0.8% 1.0% 1.3% 1.7%

Free Blacks as a percentage out of the total Black population by U.S. region and U.S. state between 1790 and 1860

In 1865, all enslaved Blacks (African-Americans) in the United States were emancipated as a result of the Thirteenth Amendment. However, some U.S. states had previously emancipated some or all of their Black population. The table below shows the percentage of free Blacks as a percentage of the total Black population in various U.S. regions and U.S. states between 1790 and 1860 (the blank areas on the chart below mean that there is no data for those specific regions or states in those specific years).

Free Blacks as a percentage of the total Black (African-American) population by U.S. region and U.S. state between 1790 and 1860[13]
State/territory 1790 1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1860
 United States 7.9% 10.8% 13.5% 13.2% 13.7% 13.4% 11.9% 11.0%
Northeast 40.1% 56.2% 73.5% 83.7% 97.8% 99.5% 99.8% 100.0%
Midwest 78.7% 52.4% 38.0% 37.7% 34.4% 35.5% 37.6%
South 4.7% 6.7% 8.5% 8.2% 8.4% 8.1% 7.0% 6.3%
West 97.9% 99.4%
 Alabama 4.4% 2.2% 1.3% 1.3% 0.8% 0.7% 0.6%
 Alaska
 Arizona 100.0%
 Arkansas 1.4% 3.5% 3.0% 2.3% 1.3% 0.1%
 California 100.0% 100.0%
 Colorado 100.0%
 Connecticut 50.4% 84.9% 95.4% 98.8% 99.7% 99.8% 100.0% 100.0%
 Delaware 30.5% 57.3% 75.9% 74.2% 82.8% 86.7% 88.8% 91.7%
 District of Columbia 16.2% 30.7% 37.9% 50.5% 66.2% 73.2% 77.8%
 Florida 5.2% 3.1% 2.3% 1.5%
 Georgia 1.3% 1.7% 1.7% 1.2% 1.1% 1.0% 0.8% 0.8%
 Hawaii
 Idaho
 Illinois 41.5% 78.5% 33.3% 68.7% 91.6% 100.0% 100.0%
 Indiana 75.7% 62.4% 86.6% 99.9% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
 Iowa 91.5% 100.0% 100.0%
 Kansas 99.7%
 Kentucky 0.9% 1.8% 2.1% 2.1% 2.9% 3.9% 4.5% 4.5%
 Louisiana 18.0% 13.2% 13.2% 13.1% 6.7% 5.3%
 Maine 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 99.8% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
 Maryland 7.2% 15.6% 23.3% 27.0% 33.9% 40.9% 45.3% 49.1%
 Massachusetts 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
 Michigan 100.0% 83.3% 100.0% 99.6% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
 Minnesota 100.0% 100.0%
 Mississippi 5.0% 1.2% 1.4% 0.8% 0.7% 0.3% 0.2%
 Missouri 17.4% 3.3% 2.2% 2.6% 2.9% 3.0%
 Montana
 Nebraska 81.7%
 Nevada 100.0%
 New Hampshire 79.9% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 99.5% 99.8% 100.0% 100.0%
 New Jersey 19.5% 26.2% 42.0% 62.2% 89.0% 96.9% 99.0% 99.9%
 New Mexico 100.0% 100.0%
 New York 17.9% 33.3% 62.8% 74.4% 99.8% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
 North Carolina 4.7% 5.0% 5.7% 6.7% 7.4% 8.5% 8.7% 8.4%
 North Dakota
 Ohio 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 99.9% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
 Oklahoma
 Oregon 100.0% 100.0%
 Pennsylvania 63.6% 89.5% 96.6% 99.3% 98.9% 99.9% 100.0% 100.0%
 Rhode Island 78.2% 89.7% 97.1% 98.7% 99.5% 99.8% 100.0% 100.0%
 South Carolina 1.7% 2.1% 2.3% 2.6% 2.4% 2.5% 2.3% 2.4%
 South Dakota N/A[a]
 Tennessee 9.6% 2.2% 2.9% 3.3% 3.1% 2.9% 2.6% 2.6%
 Texas 0.7% 0.2%
 Utah 48.0% 50.8%
 Vermont 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
 Virginia 4.1% 5.6% 7.3% 8.2% 9.3% 10.1% 10.2% 10.5%
 Washington 100.0% 100.0%
 West Virginia 11.6% 6.8% 10.5% 8.5% 10.9% 14.1% 13.1% 13.1%
 Wisconsin 100.0% 51.6% 94.4% 100.0% 100.0%
 Wyoming

a^ There were no Blacks at all—either free or enslaved—in South Dakota in 1860.[13]

See also

Notes

    References
    1. "Race and Ethnicity in the United States: 2010 Census and 2020 Census". Archived from the original on 15 August 2021. Retrieved 6 September 2021.
    2. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2021-04-29. Retrieved 2020-12-25.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
    3. https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_VISF_P3&prodType=table Archived 2020-02-12 at archive.today American FactFinder. Race; Total Population — 2010 U.S. Virgin Islands Summary File. Retrieved October 26, 2018.
    4. https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_GUSF_P3&prodType=table Archived 2020-02-14 at archive.today American FactFinder. Ethnic Origin or Race. Total Population - Guam 2010 Summary File. Retrieved October 26, 2018.
    5. https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_MPSF_P3&prodType=table Archived 2020-02-14 at archive.today American FactFinder. Ethnic Origin or Race. Total population - 2010 Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands Summary File. Retrieved October 26, 2018.
    6. https://factfinder.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_ASSF_P3&prodType=table Archived 2020-02-14 at archive.today American FactFinder. Ethnic Origin or Race. Total population — 2010 American Samoa Summary File. Retrieved October 26, 2018.
    7. "Historical Census Statistics on Population Totals By Race, 1790 to 1990, and By Hispanic Origin, 1970 to 1990, For The United States, Regions, Divisions, and States". Census.gov. Archived from the original on July 25, 2008. Retrieved September 15, 2012.
    8. "Powered by Google Docs". Archived from the original on December 21, 2013. Retrieved September 15, 2012.
    9. "Powered by Google Docs". Archived from the original on October 20, 2021. Retrieved September 15, 2012.
    10. "Race and Ethnicity in the United States". United States Census Bureau. August 12, 2021. Archived from the original on August 15, 2021. Retrieved August 23, 2021.
    11. "The Black Population: 2000" (PDF). Retrieved 10 February 2022.
    12. "The Black Population: 2010" (PDF). Retrieved 10 February 2022.
    13. "Population Division Working Paper No. 56" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-09-30. Retrieved 2018-08-17.
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