List of Gilded Age mansions
Gilded Age mansions were lavish houses built between 1870 and the early 1900s by some of the richest people in the United States.


These estates were raised by the nation's industrial, financial and commercial elite, who amassed great fortunes in era of expansion of the tobacco, railroad, steel, and oil industries coinciding with a lack of both governmental regulation and a personal income tax. The manor homes and city seats were designed by prominent architects of the day and decorated with antiquities, furniture, and works of art from the world over.
Many of the wealthy had undertaken grand tours of Europe, during which they admired the estates of the nobility. Seeing themselves as their American equivalent, they wished to emulate the old world dwellings on American soil, and spent extravagantly to do so, often seeking to one-up each other. Concentrations of such homes developed in the financial centers and resorts of the Northeast, the industrial heartland of the upper Midwest, and in the rapidly expanding regions of the West Coast, with vacations homes also appearing prominently in Florida.
Alabama
Image | Name | Year built | Style | Architect | City | Notes | Ref. |
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Tacon Barfield House | 1901 | Queen Anne | George Franklin Barber | Mobile | Today a private residence |
Arizona
Image | Name | Year built | Style | Architect | City | Notes | Ref. |
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Rosson House | 1895 | Queen Anne | George Franklin Barber | Phoenix | Today a historic house museum in Heritage Square |
Arkansas
Image | Name | Year built | Style | Architect | City | Notes | Ref. |
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Hornibrook House | 1888 | Queen Anne | Little Rock | Part of Governor's Mansion Historic District |
California
Colorado
Image | Name | Year built | Style | Architect | City | Notes | Ref. |
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![]() | Richthofen Castle | 1887 | Gothic Revival, Tudor Revival | Alexander Cazin Maurice Biscoe and Henry Hewitt (1910 renovation) Jacques Benedict (1924 renovation) | Montclair, Denver | Built for Baron Walter von Richthofen | [14] |
Connecticut
Image | Name | Year built | Style | Architect | City | Notes | Ref. |
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Lockwood–Mathews Mansion | 1864 | Renaissance | Detlef Lienau | Norwalk | Today, a museum | |
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Samuel Clemens House(Mark Twain) | 1874 | Victorian Gothic | Edward Tuckerman Potter | Hartford | Today, a museum | |
![]() more images | Lauder Greenway Estate | 1894 | French Renaissance | Greenwich | For a time, it was the most expensive home in United States history | [15] |
Delaware
Image | Name | Year built | Style | Architect | City | Notes | Ref. |
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![]() more images | Nemours | 1909 | French Neoclassical | Carrère and Hastings | Wilmington | Owned by the Nemours Foundation | [16] |
Florida
Image | Name | Year built | Style | Architect | City | Notes | Ref. |
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![]() more images | Whitehall | 1902 | Beaux Arts | Pottier & Stymus, Carrère and Hastings | Palm Beach | Open to the public for tours | [17] |
![]() more images | The Casements | 1910 | Shingle Style | Ormond Beach | Owned by the city of Ormond Beach and used as a cultural center and park | [18] | |
![]() more images | Villa Vizcaya | 1914 | Mediterranean Revival and Baroque | F. Burrall Hoffman Paul Chalfin (designer) Diego Suarez (landscape) | Miami | Houses the Miami Dade Art Museum | [19] |
Georgia
- Millionaires Row, Jekyll Island Club Historic District, 1888
Iowa
Image | Name | Year built | Style | Architect | City | Notes | Ref. |
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C.R Joy House | 1896 | Queen Anne | George Franklin Barber | Keokuk | Destroyed by fire in 2018 | |
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Fred B. Sharon House | 1891 | Second Empire | Davenport | Today a private residence | ||
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J. Monroe Parker–Ficke House | 1881 | Second Empire | T. W. McClelland | Davenport | Since 1978 the building has served as a fraternity house for Delta Sigma Chi from the Palmer College of Chiropractic. | |
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John Peirce Mansion | 1893 | Romanesque revival | Hansen Bros. | Sioux City | It is open to the public for quarterly open house events and is available for rental. |
Illinois
Image | Name | Year built | Style | Architect | City | Notes | Ref. |
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Marshall Field Jr House | 1884 | Romanesque | Solon Spencer Beman | Chicago | Today, converted into condominiums | |
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John J. Glessner House | 1887 | Romanesque, Richardsonian | Henry Hobson Richardson | Chicago | Today, Glessner House Museum | |
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Marshall Field House | 1873 | Second Empire | Richard Morris Hunt | Chicago | Demolished in 1955 | |
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George Pullman House | 1876 | Second Empire | Henry S. Jaffray | Chicago | Demolished in 1922 | |
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Wlliam Wallace Kimball House | 1892 | Châteauesque | Solon Spencer Beman | Chicago | Today, United States Soccer Federation | |
![]() more images | Nickerson House | 1883 | Late Victorian | Burling & Whitehouse | Chicago | Home to the Richard H. Driehaus Museum | [7] |
![]() more images | Palmer Mansion | 1885 | Early Romanesque, Norman Gothic | Henry Ives Cobb and Charles Sumner Frost | Chicago | Demolished in 1950 | [20][21] |
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IL. Hegeler Carus Mansion | 1876 | Second Empire | William W. Boyington, | LaSalle | The mansion hosts numerous public programs, and is open for public tours. It is particularly notable for its high Victorian stencils and wall and ceiling paintings, its woodwork, and its history. |
Louisiana
Image | Name | Year built | Style | Architect | City | Notes | Ref. |
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Belle Grove Plantation | 1857 | Greek Revival | Henry Howard | White Castle | Abandoned in the 1920s and demolished after a fire in 1952. | |
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Nottoway Plantation | 1858 | Greek Revival | Henry Howard | White Castle | The house serves as an inn and is a member of Historic Hotels of America |
Massachusetts
Maine
Image | Name | Year built | Style | Architect | City | Notes | Ref. |
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Morse-Libby House | 1860 | Italianante | Henry Austin | Portland | Today, a museum | |
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Oak Hall | 1914 | Colonial Revival | Benjamin Marshall | Northport | Today, a private residence | |
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East of Eden | 1910 | Mediterranean Revival | Guy Lowell | Bar Harbor | Today, a private residence | |
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Highseas | 1912 | Colonial Revival | Frederick Lincoln Savage | Bar Harbor | Today, owned by Jackson Laboratories | |
Maryland
Image | Name | Year built | Style | Architect | City | Notes | Ref. |
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Evergreen Museum & Library | 1858 | Classical Revival | Multiple | Baltimore | Now a historic house museum |
Michigan
Minnesota
Image | Name | Year built | Style | Architect | City | Notes | Ref. |
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![]() more images | James J. Hill House | 1891 | Richardsonian Romanesque | Peabody and Stearns | Saint Paul | Operated by the Minnesota Historical Society | [29] |
![]() more images | Glensheen Mansion | 1908 | Jacobean Revival | Clarence H. Johnston Sr. Charles W. Leavitt, Jr. | Duluth | Operated by the University of Minnesota Duluth as a historic house museum | [7] |
more images | Southways Estate | 1918 | Georgian and Tudor Revival | Harrie T. Lindeberg | Orono, Lake Minnetonka | Built for John S. Pillsbury; demolished in 2018 | [30] |
Mississippi
Image | Name | Year built | Style | Architect | City | Notes | |
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Residence of R.L. Covington | 1907 | Colonial | George Franklin Barber | Hazlehurst | Today, a private residence |
Missouri
Image | Name | Year built | Style | Architect | City | Notes | Ref. |
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Harvey M. Vaile Mansion | 1881 | Second Empire | Asa B. Cross | Independence | Today, a museum | |
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Robert A. Long House | 1910 | Beaux-Arts style | Henry Ford Hoit | Kansas City | Today, the Kansas City Museum | |
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Samuel Cupples House | 1890 | Romanesque Revival | Thomas B. Annan | St Louis | Today, a museum |
Montana
Image | Name | Year built | Style | Architect | City | Notes | Ref. |
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![]() more images | W. A. Clark Mansion | 1884 | Romanesque Revival Victorian | C. H. Brown | Butte | Today, a bed and breakfast | [31] |
New Jersey
Image | Name | Year built | Style | Architect | City | Notes | Ref. |
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Glenmont, Thomas Edison House | 1881 | Queen Anne | Henry Hudson Holly | Orange | Originally built for Henry Pedder, Edison moved in 1885 | |
![]() more images | Florham | 1893 | English Baroque Revival | McKim, Mead & White Frederick Law Olmsted (landscape) | Madison and Florham Park | Part of the Fairleigh Dickinson University | [32] |
![]() more images | Georgian Court | 1899 | Georgian Revival | Bruce Price | Lakewood | Today, part of Georgian Court University | [33] |
![]() more images | Rutherfurd Hall | 1902 | Tudor Revival | Whitney Warren Olmsted Brothers (landscape) | Allamuchy Township | Owned and managed by the Allamuchy School District | [34] |
![]() more images | Blairsden | 1903 | French Renaissance | Carrère and Hastings | Peapack-Gladstone | Formerly a retreat house for the Sisters of St. John the Baptist | [35] |
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Krueger Manion | 1888 | Late Victorian | Henry Schultz | Newark | In late 2020, the city and the company Makerhoods broke ground on refurbishing the mansion into live/work spaces for local experienced "makers" in the food, beauty, craft and other small-scale artisan industries for $1800 a month by application only. |
New York
New York City
North Carolina
Image | Name | Year built | Style | Architect | City | Notes | Ref. |
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![]() more images | Biltmore | 1895 | Châteauesque | Richard Morris Hunt Frederick Law Olmsted (landscape) | Asheville | Built for George Washington Vanderbilt II, it is the largest house in the U.S. | [90] |
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Alexander Martin Smith House, | 1897 | Queen Anne | George Franklin Barber | Elkin | Today, a private residence | |
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Richard Joshua Reynolds House | 1900 | Queen Anne | George Franklin Barber | Winston-Salem | Demolished in 1940s |
South Carolina
Image | Name | Year built | Style | Architect | City | Notes | Ref. |
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![]() more images | Calhoun Mansion | 1876 | Italianate | George W. Williams | Charleston | Open for public tours | [91] |
Ohio
Oregon
Image | Name | Year built | Style | Architect | City | Notes | Ref. |
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Captain George Flavel House | 1885 | Queen Anne | Carl W. Leick | Astoria | Today a museum | |
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Richard B. Knapp House | 1882 | Queen Anne | Henry J. Hefty | Portland | Demolished in 1951 |
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
Texas
Image | Name | Year built | Style | Architect | City | Notes | Ref. |
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John H Hounghton House | 1887 | Queen Anne | James Wahrenberger | Austin | Demolished in 1973 | |
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George Littlefield House | 1893 | Queen Anne | James Wahrenberger | Austin | Today, part of the campus of the University of Texas at Austin | |
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John Bremond House | 1886 | Second Empire | Austin | Part of Texas Classroom Teachers Association |
Tennessee
Image | Name | Year built | Style | Architect | City | Notes | Ref. |
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Hill Mansion | 1881 | French Renaissance | Memphis | Built by businessman and newspaper owner Napoleon Hill. Demolished in 1928 to make way for the Sterick Building. | [132] |
Utah
Image | Name | Year built | Style | Architect | City | Notes | Ref. |
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Gardo House | 1883 | Second Empire | William H Folsom and Joseph Ridges | Salt Lake City | Gardo House was the official residence of the president of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) during the terms of John Taylor and Wilford Woodruff. Was demolished on November 26, 1921. |
Vermont
Image | Name | Year built | Style | Architect | City | Notes | Ref. |
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Hildene Mansion | 1905 | Georgian Revival | Shepley, Rutan & Coolidge | Manchester | ||
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Shelburne Farms | 1899 | Queen Anne | R. H. Robertson and Frederick Law Olmsted | Shelburne | Today is a nonprofit education center for sustainability |
Virginia
Image | Name | Year built | Style | Architect | City | Notes | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() more images | Ellerslie | 1856 (extensively remodeled in 1910) | Italian Villa | Robert Young (1857) Carneal and Johnston (1910) | Colonial Heights | ||
![]() more images | Roseland Manor (also known as the Strawberry Banks Manor House) | 1887 | Châteauesque Queen Anne | Arthur Crooks | Hampton | Destroyed by fire in 1985[133] | [133] |
![]() more images | Maymont | 1893 | Victorian | Edgerton S. Rogers | Richmond | Today, a historic house museum and arboretum[134] | [61] |
more images | Poplar Hill (also known as the Dunnington Mansion) | 1897 | Victorian | Farmville | 8,500 sq. ft. Manor home of tobacco baron Walter Grey Dunnington that has fallen into disrepair[135] | ||
more images | Berryman Mansion | 1900 | Colonial Revival | Smithfield | Built by P.D. Gwaltney as a wedding gift for his daughter who married F.R. Berryman.[136] | [136] | |
![]() more images | P. D. Gwaltney Jr. House | 1901 | Queen Anne | George Franklin Barber | Smithfield | Remained in the Gwaltney family until 2016.[137] | [19] |
more images | Cedar Hall | 1906 (demolished 1976) | Queen Anne | Vance & Allen[138] | Hampton | Demolished in 1976.[138] | [139][140] |
![]() more images | Swannaoa | 1912 | Italian Renaissance Revival | Noland & Baskerville | Nelson County | [19] | |
![]() more images | Branch House | 1916 | Tudor Revival, Jacobean Revival | John Russell Pope with Otto R. Eggers | Richmond | Offices of the Virginia Society of the American Institute of Architects (VSAIA) and the Branch Museum of Architecture and Design.[141] | [24] |
![]() more images | Westbourne | 1919 | Georgian Revival | W. Duncan Lee | Richmond | Gardens designed by landscape architect Charles F. Gillette | [142] |
more images | Merrywood | 1919 | Georgian Revival | McLean | Childhood home of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis; Gardens designed by landscape architect Beatrix Farrand[143] | [144] | |
more images | Selma (Leesburg, Virginia) | 1902 | Colonial Revival | Noland and Baskerville | Leesburg | Built by Elijah B. White a wealthy Virginia banker who at the time was the largest exporter of grain in the United States.[145] | |
Washington
Image | Name | Year built | Style | Architect | City | Notes | Ref. |
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Ezra Meeker Mansion | 1887 | Italianante | Farrell & Darmer | Pullayup | Today a museum |
Washington, DC
Image | Name | Year built | Style | Architect | City | Notes | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() more images | Christian Heurich Mansion | 1892 | Late Victorian | John Granville Meyers | Washington, DC | Formerly housed the Historical Society of Washington | [24] |
![]() more images | Townsend House | 1901 | Beaux-Arts | Carrère and Hastings | Washington, DC | Home to the Cosmos Club since 1952 | [24] |
![]() more images | Walsh-McLean House | 1903 | Washington, DC | Today the Embassy of Indonesia | [146] | ||
![]() more images | Anderson House | 1905 | Beaux-Arts | Little & Browne | Washington, DC | Today, it houses the Society of the Cincinnati's headquarters | [147][7] |
![]() more images | Perry Belmont House | 1909 | Beaux-Arts | Ernest-Paul Sanson | Washington, DC | Headquarters of the General Grand Chapter of the Order of the Eastern Star | [148][24] |
![]() more images | Edward Hamlin Everett House | 1915 | Beaux-Arts | George Oakley Totten Jr. | Washington, DC | Formerly the Turkish embassy, today the ambassador's residence | [149] |
Wisconsin
Image | Name | Year built | Style | Architect | City | Notes | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
![]() | Pabst Mansion | 1892 | Flemish Renaissance Revival | George Ferry | Milwaukee | Today a historic house museum | [19] |
Holway Mansion | 1892 | Romanesque and Queen Anne | Hugo Schick and Gustav Stolze | La Crosse | Today, a bed and breakfast[150] | [151] |
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