Kutaisi Governorate

Kutaisi Governorate

Кутаисская губернія
Kutaisi Governorate Кутаисская губернія
Governorate
	Coat of arms
	Administrative map of the Kutaisi Governorate in 1905-1917
Country	Russian Empire
Viceroyalty	Caucasus
Established	1849
Abolished	1917
Capital	Kutaisi
Area
• Total	21,094 km2 (8,144 sq mi)
Highest elevation (Shkhara)	5,193 m (17,037 ft)
Population (1916)
• Total	1,034,468
• Density	49/km2 (130/sq mi)
• Urban	8.51%
• Rural	91.49%

The Kutaisi or Kutais Governorate (pre-reform Russian: Кутаисская губернія; Georgian: ქუთაისის გუბერნია) was one of the guberniyas of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. It roughly corresponded to most of western Georgia throughout most of its existence, and most of the Artvin Province (except Hopa and Yusufeli districts) of Turkey between 1878 and 1903. Created out of part of the former Georgia-Imeretia Governorate in 1846, the governorate also included Akhaltsikhe Uyezd before its cession to the Tiflis Governorate in 1867. The Kutaisi Governorate bordered the Sukhumi Okrug to the northwest, the Kuban Oblast to the north, the Terek Oblast to the northeast, the Tiflis Governorate to the southeast, the Batum Oblast to the southwest, and the Black Sea to the west. The governorate was eponymously named for its administrative center, Kutaisi.[1]

History

The Kutaisi Governorate was formed in 1846 as a result of the division of the Georgia-Imeretia Governorate. In 1883, the governorate included the Sukhumi Okrug and two districts (Artvin and Batum) of the then abolished Batum Oblast. In 1903, the Artvin and Batum districts were detached and re-formed into the Batum Oblast. In 1905, the Sukhumi Okrug also received the status of a special district of the Russian Empire, tantamount to a governorate or oblast.[1]

Following the Russian Revolution, in 1918 the Kutaisi Governorate became part of the short-lived Georgian Democratic Republic.

Administrative divisions

Kutaisi Governorate in 1883-1903

The Kutaisi Governorate consisted of the following seven uezds and three okrugs, with the following thirty-eight uchastoks within them:[2]

Zugdidi Uyezd (Зугдидский уезд)
- Zugdidi
- Redut-Kalsky
- Tsalenjikha
Kutais Uyezd (Кутаисский уезд)
- Baghdati
- Kutaisi
- Samtredia
- Tkibuli
- Khoni
Lechkhumi Uyezd (Лечхумский уезд)
- Alpansky
- Svaneti
- Tsageri
Ozurgeti Uyezd (Озургетский уезд)
- Guria
- Lanchkhuti
- Chokhatauri
Racha Uyezd (Рачинский уезд)
- Ambrolauri
- Oni
Senaki Uyezd (Сенакский уезд)
- Abasha
- Bandzinsky
- Martvili
- Senaki
- Nakalakevsky
Sukhumi Okrug (Сухумский округ) (1883-1905)[3]
- Gudauta
- Gumista
- Kodor
- Samurzakan
Shorapani Uyezd (Шорапанский уезд)
- Belogorsky
- Kvirila
- Sachkhere
- Chiatura
- Chiatura Promysl
- Chkharsky
Batum Okrug (Батумский округ) (1883-1903)[4]
- Upper Adjara
- Goni
- Kintrishi
- Lower Adjara
Artvin Okrug (Артвинский окуг) (1883-1903)[4]
- Ardanuch
- Artvin
- Shavsheti-Imerkhevi

Demographics

Russian Empire census (1897)

According to the Russian Empire Census of 1897, the Kutaisi Governorate had a population of 1,058,241, including 549,504 men and 508,737 women. The plurality of the population indicated Georgian to be their mother tongue, with significant Imeretian and Mingrelian speaking minorities who were considered within the Kartvelian language group.[5]

Linguistic composition of the Kutaisi Governorate in 1897[5]
Language	Native speakers	%
Georgian	343,929	32.50
Imeretian	270,513	25.56
Mingrelian	238,655	22.55
Abkhaz	59,469	5.62
Turkish	46,665	4.41
Armenian	24,043	2.27
Russian	19,273	1.82
Svan	15,669	1.48
Greek	14,482	1.37
Jewish	7,006	0.66
Ossetian	4,240	0.40
Ukrainian	4,008	0.38
Polish	1,938	0.18
Kurdish	1,824	0.17
German	1,065	0.10
Persian	1,022	0.10
Tatar[lower-alpha 1]	750	0.07
Estonian	621	0.06
Lithuanian	450	0.04
Romanian	197	0.02
Belarusian	162	0.02
Sartic	156	0.01
Avar-Andean	148	0.01
English	135	0.01
Kazi-Kumukh	111	0.01
Other	1,710	0.16
TOTAL	1,058,241	100.00

Religious composition of the Kutaisi Governorate in 1897[6]
Faith	Male	Female	Both
Faith	Male	Female	Number	%
Eastern Orthodox	462,243	438,687	900,930	85.13
Muslim	64,043	53,577	117,620	11.11
Armenian Apostolic	11,610	7,370	18,980	1.79
Judaism	4,674	4,190	8,864	0.84
Armenian Catholic	2,631	2,894	5,525	0.52
Roman Catholic	3,065	1,195	4,260	0.40
Lutheran	999	676	1,675	0.16
Old Believer	156	92	248	0.02
Karaite	29	17	46	0.00
Reformed	15	13	28	0.00
Buddhist	16	5	21	0.00
Anglican	12	6	18	0.00
Baptist	2	10	12	0.00
Mennonite	5	2	7	0.00
Other Christian denomination	3	3	6	0.00
Other non-Christian denomination	1	0	1	0.00
TOTAL	549,504	508,737	1,058,241	100.00

Caucasian Calendar (1917)

The 1917 Caucasian Calendar which produced statistics of 1916 indicates 1,034,468 residents in the Kutaisi Governorate, including 546,957 men and 487,511 women, 990,297 of whom were the permanent population, and 44,171 were temporary residents.[7] The population total of the governorate is slightly less than in 1897 due to the province's administrative reorganization involving the detachment of the Artvin, Batum and Sukhumi okrugs (to be administered separately):

Ethno-religious groups in the Kutaisi Governorate according to the 1917 Caucasian Calendar[7]
Uyezd (district)	Russians		Other Europeans	Georgians	Armenians	North Caucasians	Other Asian Nationalities			Jews	TOTAL
Uyezd (district)	Orthodox	Sectarian	Other Europeans	Georgians	Armenians	North Caucasians	Christian	Shia Muslim	Sunni Muslim	Jews	TOTAL
Zugdidi	94	0	3	127,861	3	0	0	0	17	0	127,978
Zugdidi	0.1%	0.0%	0.0%	99.9%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	100.0%
Kutaisi	11,623	0	234	264,705	1,938	0	681	105	0	12,683	291,969
Kutaisi	4.0%	0.0%	0.1%	90.7%	0.7%	0.0%	0.2%	0.0%	0.0%	4.3%	100.0%
Lechkhumi	14	0	25	60,407	96	0	0	0	0	1,372	61,914
Lechkhumi	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	97.6%	0.2%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	2.2%	100.0%
Ozurgeti	770	0	182	114,325	42	0	0	0	0	20	115,339
Ozurgeti	0.7%	0.0%	0.2%	99.1%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	100.0%
Racha	0	0	0	88,065	97	0	0	0	0	0	88,162
Racha	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	99.9%	0.1%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	100.0%
Senaki	2,840	0	239	151,744	1,529	1	769	0	70	2,486	159,678
Senaki	1.8%	0.0%	0.1%	95.0%	1.0%	0.0%	0.5%	0.0%	0.0%	1.6%	100.0%
Shorapani	534	10	299	186,305	900	31	29	28	57	1,235	189,428
Shorapani	0.3%	0.0%	0.2%	98.4%	0.5%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.7%	100.0%
TOTAL	15,875	10	982	993,412	4,605	32	1,479	133	144	17,796	1,034,468
TOTAL	1.5%	0.0%	0.1%	96.0%	0.4%	0.0%	0.1%	0.0%	0.0%	1.7%	100.0%

Notes

Later known as Azerbaijani.

References

Tsutsiev, Arthur (2014). Atlas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus. Translated by Nora Seligman Favorov. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300153088.
Кавказский календарь .... на 1913 год (in Russian). Tiflis: Office of the Viceroy of the Caucasus. 1913. pp. 271–317.
Tsutsiev, Arthur (2014), Atlas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus, New Haven and London, pp. 162–174, ISBN 978-0-300-15308-8, OCLC 884858065, retrieved 2021-12-25
Tsutsiev, Arthur (2014), Atlas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus, New Haven and London, p. 38, ISBN 978-0-300-15308-8, OCLC 884858065, retrieved 2021-12-25
"Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей". www.demoscope.ru. Retrieved 2022-03-04.
"Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей". www.demoscope.ru. Retrieved 2022-03-04.
Кавказский календарь .... на 1917 год (in Russian). Tiflis: Office of the Viceroy of the Caucasus. 1917. pp. 359–362.

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[6] Later known as Azerbaijani.

[:03-1] Tsutsiev, Arthur (2014). Atlas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus. Translated by Nora Seligman Favorov. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300153088.

[:02-2] Кавказский календарь .... на 1913 год (in Russian). Tiflis: Office of the Viceroy of the Caucasus. 1913. pp. 271–317.

[3] Tsutsiev, Arthur (2014), Atlas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus, New Haven and London, pp. 162–174, ISBN 978-0-300-15308-8, OCLC 884858065, retrieved 2021-12-25

[:0-4] Tsutsiev, Arthur (2014), Atlas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus, New Haven and London, p. 38, ISBN 978-0-300-15308-8, OCLC 884858065, retrieved 2021-12-25

[:1-5] "Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей". www.demoscope.ru. Retrieved 2022-03-04.

[7] "Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей". www.demoscope.ru. Retrieved 2022-03-04.

[:722-8] Кавказский календарь .... на 1917 год (in Russian). Tiflis: Office of the Viceroy of the Caucasus. 1917. pp. 359–362.

Subdivisions of the Russian Empire
Governorates (List)	Azov¹ Altai² Arkhangelsk Archangelgorod* Astrakhan Belgorod Bessarabia Bratslav Byelorussia Caucasus Chernigov Grodno Finland Iziaslav Ingermanland Irkutsk Kazan Kaluga Kiev (1708) Kiev Kharkov Kherson Kholm Kovno Kolyvan Kostroma Kursk Lithuania Little Russia (1764) Little Russia (1796) Minsk Mogilev Moscow Nikolayev Nizhny Novgorod Novhorod-Siverskyi Novgorod Novorossiysk Olonets Orenburg Oryol Penza Perm Petrograd² Podolia Polotsk* Poltava Pskov Ryazan Samara Saint Petersburg Saratov Siberia Simbirsk Sloboda Ukraine Slonim Smolensk Stavropol Taurida Tambov Tver Tobolsk Tomsk Tula Ufa Vilna Vitebsk Vladimir Voznesensk Vologda Volhynian Voronezh Vyatka Vyborg Yaroslavl Yekaterinoslav Yeniseysk
Oblasts	Amur Belostok Bessarabia Don Host Zabaikalye Kamchatka Caspian Kwantung Orenburg Kirgiz Omsk Primorskaya Sakhalin Taurida Tarnopol Turgay Ural Yakut
Oblasts of Stepnoy Krai	Akmolinsk Siberia Kirgiz Semipalatinsk
Oblasts of Turkestan Krai	Transcaspian Samarkand Semirechye Oblast Syr-Darya Oblast Turkestan Fergana
Caucasus Viceroyalty	Baku Black Sea Derbent Elizavetpol Erivan Georgia-Imeretia Georgia Kutais Shemakha Tiflis Armenian Oblast Batum Oblast Dagestan Oblast Imeretia Oblast Kars Oblast Kuban Oblast Terek Oblast Black Sea Okrug Sukhum Okrug Zakatal Okrug Ozurget Uyezd Zugdidi Uyezd
Baltic Governorates³	Courland Livonia Reval Riga Estonia
Governorates of Finland	Abo-Byorneborg Vaza Vyborg Kuopio Nyuland Sankt-Mikhel Tavastgus Uleaborg
Governorates of Poland	Avgustov Varshava Kalish Keltsy Krakov Lomzha Lyublin Mazovia Petrokov Plotsk Podlyashye Radom Sandomir Sedlets Suvalki
Governorates of Galicia and Bukovina	Lvov Peremyshl Tarnopol Chernovtsy
Dependencies	Bukey Horde Emirate of Bukhara Khanate of Kokand Russian America Uryankhay Krai Khanate of Khiva Zeravshan Okrug
¹ Italics indicates renamed or abolished governorates, oblasts, etc on 1 January 1914. ² An asterisk (*) indicates governorates formed or created with renaming after 1 January 1914. ³ Ostsee or Baltic general-governorship was abolished in 1876.