Karauridae

Karauridae; Temporal range: Jurassic
	Karaurus sharovi
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Amphibia
Clade:	Caudata
Family:	†Karauridae; Ivachnenko, 1978
Genera
	Karaurus; Kokartus;

The Karauridae are a family of salamander-like amphibians that lived from the Middle Jurassic to Late Jurassic in Central Asia (Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan). The members are some of the oldest known salamanders and fit in the urodele stem.[1][2] It had long been suspected, based on cranial characters, that karaurids were neotenic,[3] and a more recent histological study confirmed this, as shown by the presence of calcified cartilage in the medullary region of the humerus of Marmorerpeton and 'salamander A' at the mid-diaphyseal level.[4] A paleogenomic study of Marmorerpeton showed that its genome was large (C-value of about 37 pg),[5] which is also consistent with neoteny, and further supports the presence of neoteny in karaurids.

References

Averianov, Alexander O.; Martin, Thomas; Skutschas, P. P.; Rezvyi, A. S. & Bakirov, A. A. (2008). "Amphibians from the Middle Jurassic Balabansai Svita in the Fergana Depression, Kyrgyzstan (Central Asia)". Palaeontology. 51 (2): 471–485. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2007.00748.x.
Marjanović, D. & Laurin, M. (2014). "An updated paleontological timetree of lissamphibians, with comments on the anatomy of Jurassic crown-group salamanders (Urodela)". Historical Biology. 26 (4): 535–550. doi:10.1080/08912963.2013.797972.
Evans, Susan E.; Milner, Andrew R.; Mussett, Frances (1 January 1988). "The earliest known Salamanders (Amphibia, Caudata):A record from the Middle Jurassic of England". Geobios. 21 (5): 539–552. doi:10.1016/S0016-6995(88)80069-X. ISSN 0016-6995.
de Buffrénil, Vivian; Canoville, Aurore; Evans, Susan E.; Laurin, Michel (2 January 2015). "Histological study of karaurids, the oldest known (stem) urodeles". Historical Biology. 27 (1): 109–114. doi:10.1080/08912963.2013.869800.
Laurin, Michel; Canoville, Aurore; Struble, Mikayla; Organ, Chris; de Buffrénil, Vivian (1 January 2016). "Early genome size increase in urodeles". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 15 (1): 74–82. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2014.12.006. ISSN 1631-0683.

External links

Tetrapod Zoology article on Karaurids and other early Caudatans

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[1] Averianov, Alexander O.; Martin, Thomas; Skutschas, P. P.; Rezvyi, A. S. & Bakirov, A. A. (2008). "Amphibians from the Middle Jurassic Balabansai Svita in the Fergana Depression, Kyrgyzstan (Central Asia)". Palaeontology. 51 (2): 471–485. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2007.00748.x.

[2] Marjanović, D. & Laurin, M. (2014). "An updated paleontological timetree of lissamphibians, with comments on the anatomy of Jurassic crown-group salamanders (Urodela)". Historical Biology. 26 (4): 535–550. doi:10.1080/08912963.2013.797972.

[3] Evans, Susan E.; Milner, Andrew R.; Mussett, Frances (1 January 1988). "The earliest known Salamanders (Amphibia, Caudata):A record from the Middle Jurassic of England". Geobios. 21 (5): 539–552. doi:10.1016/S0016-6995(88)80069-X. ISSN 0016-6995.

[4] Buffrénil, Vivian; Canoville, Aurore; Evans, Susan E.; Laurin, Michel (2 January 2015). "Histological study of karaurids, the oldest known (stem) urodeles". Historical Biology. 27 (1): 109–114. doi:10.1080/08912963.2013.869800.

[5] Laurin, Michel; Canoville, Aurore; Struble, Mikayla; Organ, Chris; de Buffrénil, Vivian (1 January 2016). "Early genome size increase in urodeles". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 15 (1): 74–82. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2014.12.006. ISSN 1631-0683.