Immigration to Romania

Immigration to Romania is less common than immigration to most other EU countries, with Romania having 2.1% of the population foreign born as of 2017 (Eurostat estimates).[1] Of these, 0.9% were born in other EU member states, and 1.2% were born outside the EU.[2] Romania has recently experienced a growing wave of immigration, mostly from the Republic of Moldova, Turkey, Italy, Spain, Southeast Asia, and East Asia[3] and to a lesser extent other parts of the world. In 2013, there were 198,839 immigrants living in Romania, of which 13,000 were refugees.[4][5] As of mid-2020, the number of migrants in Romania was 705,000, of which over 40% were from the Republic of Moldova. [6]

The Republic of Moldova is the most common country of origin of foreign-born residents in Romania.

According to DIICOT, Romania has evolved since 1990 from a country of transit for illegal migrants to a country of destination.[7] Within the European Union, the country has the second highest rate of immigration from non-EU countries (86%), just behind Slovenia (90%).[8] Most immigrants in Romania are from Europe.

Republic of Moldova
Further information: Moldovans in Romania

Over 40% of the country's foreign-born residents originate from Republic of Moldova. Owing to the former period of union between most of Moldova and Romania, many Moldovans are eligible for Romanian citizenship on the basis of descent. The culture of Moldova is influenced primarily by the Romanian origins of its majority population, being strongly related to classical Romanian culture, and, as such, it is easy for people from neighbouring Moldova to integrate within the contemporary Romanian culture. Many immigrants from the Republic of Moldova prefer to settle in the Romanian counties from the region of Moldavia, because there the culture is more similar to their home country.[9]

Ukrainians
Further information: Ukrainians in Romania

After the start of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, a large number of Ukrainians started emigrating into Romania.[10] This also included ethnic Romanians from the country.[11]

EU countries

Immigrants from Italy and Spain often have close relations with Romanians, including intermarriage (see also Romanians in Italy and Romanians in Spain).

Asian and Eastern European workers
Further information: Chinese in Romania

In recent years, considerable numbers of Chinese and Vietnamese citizens work in Romania, due to the emigration of a large part of the Romanian workforce.[12] There are also workers from Nepal, the Philippines, Thailand, Indonesia, India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Ukraine, Serbia, Lebanon, Turkey.[13][14][15][16][17] Many Chinese live in the Ilfov County (the county surrounding Bucharest).

Many immigrant workers work in constructions; the top countries in 2021 for such construction workers were: Turkey, India, Bangladesh, Vietnam, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Morocco, Moldova, Pakistan, Ukraine.[18] Other countries include Egypt, China, Serbia and Sudan.[19]

Arabs
Main article: Arabs in Romania

Arabs in Romania come primarily from Syria (including refugees of the Syrian Civil War), Lebanon, Iraq and Tunisia. In 2018, most asylum applicants were from Iraq, Syria and Iran.[20] In 2020, they were from Afghanistan, Syria and Iraq.[21]

Africans
Main article: Afro-Romanian

Africans come primarily to study in Romania, most of them from the Democratic Republic of Congo, Nigeria and the Republic of Congo.

Statistics

Estimate immigrants to Romania (as of mid-2020, including refugees):[22]

 Moldova - 285,000;
 Italy - 80,000;
 Spain - 62,000;
 Ukraine - 43,000;
 United Kingdom - 32,000;
 Germany - 30,000;
 France - 22,000;
 Bulgaria - 12,000;
 Hungary - 10,000;
 Russia - 10,000;
 Turkey - 9,000;
 Greece - 8,000;
 China - 7,000;
 United States - 6,000;
 Israel - 5,000;
 Belgium - 5,000;
 Ireland - 4,000
 Serbia - 3,000;
 Syria - 3,000
 Austria - 3,000;
 Iran - 2,000;
 Iraq - 2,000;
 Vietnam - 2,000;
 Portugal - 2,000;
 Tunisia - 2,000;
 Netherlands - 2,000;
 Denmark - 2,000;
 Poland - 1,000;
 Sweden - 1,000;
 Norway - 1,000;
 Albania - 1,000;
 Slovakia - 1,000;
 Czech Republic - 1,000;
  Switzerland - 1,000;
 Brazil - 1,000;
 Canada - 1,000;
 Egypt - 1,000;
 Lebanon - 1,000;
 Morocco - 1,000;
   Nepal - 1,000;
 United Arab Emirates - 1,000;
 Philippines - 1,000;
 Sri Lanka - 1,000;
 India - 1,000;
 Algeria - 1,000;
 Pakistan - 1,000;
 Jordan - 600; (2017)
 Nigeria - 500; (2017)
 South Korea - 500; (2017)

See also

References
  1. "File:Foreign-born population by country of birth, 1 January 2017 .PNG".
  2. "File:Foreign-born population by country of birth, 1 January 2017 .PNG".
  3. "ANALIZĂ de unde vin cei mai mulţi imigranţi şi ce fac ei în România".
  4. "Refugee population by country or territory of origin statistics - countries compared". Nationmaster. Retrieved 2013-10-08.
  5. "Le Monde: Romania, noua destinatie a imigrantilor". Ziare.com. 2009-07-13. Retrieved 2013-10-08.
  6. "Immigrant and Emigrant Populations by Country of Origin and Destination". 10 February 2014.
  7. "Romania, destinatie pentru imigrantii ilegali, afirma seful DIICOT". Ziare.com. Retrieved 2013-10-08.
  8. "Income Magazine (Former Financiarul.com)" (in Romanian). Financiarul.com. Archived from the original on 2015-11-25. Retrieved 2014-05-09.
  9. "ANALIZĂ de unde vin cei mai mulţi imigranţi şi ce fac ei în România".
  10. Manuel Bogner, Steffi Hentschke, Michał Kokot, Thomas Roser, Franziska Schindler, Frida Thurm: Ukrainische Bevölkerung: Auf der Flucht. In: Die Zeit. 24 February 2022, retrieved 27 February 2022.
  11. EXCLUSIV - Mărturia unui român din Ucraina care a fugit de război în România: "Nord-bucovinenii nu prea sunt dispuși să lupte. Mulți habar nu au ce este o armă".
  12. "ANALIZĂ de unde vin cei mai mulţi imigranţi şi ce fac ei în România".
  13. "Vom "importa" mai mulți muncitori din Nepal, Filipine, Vietnam și Thailanda | Dejulmeu.ro". 3 August 2018.
  14. "Fenomenul atragerii de personal din țări exotice, pe fondul lipsei forței de muncă locală, ia amploare. România aduce muncitori din Filipine, Nepal, Vietnam, India, Indonezia, Thailanda. "În 50 de ani, importul forței de muncă va fi o necesitate"".
  15. "Sârbi angajați în România. Ce metodă au găsit companiile din Banat pentru aducerea cetățenilor din țara vecină". 5 March 2018.
  16. "Muncitori de import din Asia de Sud-Est (Vietnam şi Sri Lanka) - România - Radio România Actualităţi Online".
  17. https://www.crainou.ro/2018/10/17/muncitori-din-ucraina-vor-termina-lucrarile-la-monumentul-ecvestru-al-lui-stefan-cel-mare/
  18. "Constructorii vor cu orice preţ angajaţi, dar întrebarea este ce costuri sociale şi economice va aduce inundarea pieţei cu forţă de muncă din Asia. Încă 100.000 de persoane ar putea veni să lucreze din acest an în România".
  19. "Constructorii vor cu orice preţ angajaţi, dar întrebarea este ce costuri sociale şi economice va aduce inundarea pieţei cu forţă de muncă din Asia. Încă 100.000 de persoane ar putea veni să lucreze din acest an în România".
  20. "Numărul persoanelor care au depus cereri de azil în România, în scădere".
  21. "Peste 6000 de refugiați au cerut în 2020 azil în România, cel mai mare număr înregistrat vreodată".
  22. "Immigrant and Emigrant Populations by Country of Origin and Destination". 10 February 2014.
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