Henry Lidgbird Ball

Henry Lidgbird Ball was born in 1756 at Birkenhead, Cheshire, England, to George Ball and his wife, Lucy Stringer. Henry was baptised on 7 December 1756 in Holy Cross Church, Woodchurch, Cheshire.[1]

Ball joined the Royal Navy when quite young, serving on various ships: HMS Venus, HMS Ramillies, HMS Raven, and HMS Lark.[2] On 23 April 1778 he was commissioned a lieutenant.[3] From March 1783 until April 1786, he commanded the cutter HMS Seaflower off the northern coast of Ireland.[4]

In October 1787, Ball was placed in command of the armed tender HMS Supply as part of the naval escort for the ships of the First Fleet, a fleet of ships that transported convicts to start the first European colony in Australia. Supply's armament was increased in 1786, from its four small 3-pounder cannons and six 1⁄2-pounder swivel guns, with the addition of four twelve-pounder carronades; the crew was augmented to 55. Additionally, a detachment of 16 marines from the New South Wales Marine Corps, under the command of Lieutenant William Dawes, was embarked. Supply as part of the First Fleet had orders to create a penal colony in Botany Bay, New South Wales.[1]

Supply sailed from Spithead, Portsmouth, on 13 May 1787 with the First Fleet under the overall command of Commodore Arthur Phillip. On 3 June 1787, the fleet anchored at Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.[5] On 10 June they began their voyage across the Atlantic to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, taking advantage of favourable trade winds and ocean currents. The fleet reached Rio on 5 August and remained for a month while resuppling.[6] The fleet departed Rio on 4 September to run before the westerlies, reaching Table Bay in South Africa on 13 October, the last port of call before Botany Bay. On 25 November, Phillip transferred from HMS Sirius to the faster Supply, and with the fleet's faster ships raced ahead to prepare for arrival of the rest of his command. However, this "flying squadron" reached Botany Bay only hours before the slower members, so no preparatory work was done. Supply reached Botany Bay on 18 January 1788; the three fastest transports in the advance group arrived on 19 January; slower ships, including Sirius, arrived on 20 January.[7][1] After an exploration of the Botany Bay area, it was decided that it was unsuitable for settlement, the fleet moved to Port Jackson, arriving at a cove Phillip named Sydney Cove on 26 January.[1]

On 14 February Ball on Supply sailed with Lieutenant Philip Gidley King, who was to establish a subordinate settlement on Norfolk Island. Ball discovered the navigational and physical difficulties in approaching the island which were to affect future settlement there, but got the people and supplies ashore by 6 March.[1] On the return voyage he explored a small island sighted previously, which he named Lord Howe's Island after Richard Howe, 1st Earl Howe; he also named Mount Lidgbird and Ball's Pyramid after himself.[8] Ball's sketches, notes and descriptions of the landscape and fauna of Lord Howe Island and Ball's Pyramid were published in 1789 as a chapter in Phillip's book The Voyage of Governor Phillip to Botany Bay.[9]

On 6 May Supply left Port Jackson for Lord Howe Island to capture turtles, to supplement the food stores of the settlement, but discovered that the turtles were only present on the island in the summer.[10] Phillip decided on an expedition to capture a native so as to learn their language and customs, so on 31 December, Ball and marine Lieutenant George Johnston took two boats to Manly Cove where they captured Arabanoo.[1] Supply made multiple voyages between the two settlements, Port Jackson and Norfolk Island, transferring men and supplies between them. She was also used to explore the waters and environs around the colonies.[1]

On 5 March 1790 the Sirius and Supply left Sydney Cove to transport 300 convicts and marines to Norfolk Island, arriving on 13 March. Bad weather precluded landing personnel and provisions near the settlement, so the marines and some convicts were landed at Cascade Bay on the north-east coast. Here they had to jump individually from a boat to a rock; the jump was possible only when the tide was half out.[11] On 19 March the weather cleared and Ball and Captain John Hunter of Sirius started to unload the remaining convicts and provisions.[12] Ball noticed the current was pushing the ships towards the sunken rocks and signalled to Hunter before manoeuvring Supply away from the danger. Even though the Sirius was farther from the rocks than Supply, Hunter was unable to save his ship from foundering. Supply, with assistance of the men on shore, was able to rescue every person from the sinking Sirius.[11][12]

Sirius was supposed to continue on to Canton (present-day Guangzhou), to pick up supplies, but with the its loss at Norfolk Island, Supply sailed on 17 April to procure provisions from Batavia, Dutch East Indies, carrying Philip Gidley King, who was to continue on to England with the Governor's dispatches.[13] Ball returned to Port Jackson 18 October,[14] having chartered the Waaksamheyd to bring the rest of supplies, which arrived 17 December.[15] Ball became very ill with a fever that had originated in Batavia. In March 1791 he sought leave to return to England both to recover his health and to attend to family affairs. Sailing on 25 November via Cape Horn and arriving at Plymouth 21 April 1792 after completing a circumnavigation with Supply.[1][16]

Ball continued to be interested in the colonies of New South Wales; in 1803 James Grant mentioned Ball as an encourager to publish his book Narrative of a Voyage of Discovery, about his explorations of Bass Strait in HMS Lady Nelson.[17] In January 1808 it was noted that Ball had applied for the governorship of New South Wales, but the request was turned down as no change in governor was intended at that point.[1]

Henry Ball

Ball was promoted to commander on 28 April 1792.[3] His health recovered, he returned to duty in December 1793 and given command of the sloop HMS Fury, joining Rear-Admiral John MacBride's squadron in the Downs.[18] In December 1794 Ball was given command of 36-gun fifth rate frigate HMS Flora, and while in command he was promoted to captain on 9 July 1795.[3][19] In March 1796, Ball was given command of 24-gun sixth rate HMS Ariadne, and joined Rear-Admiral Hugh Cloberry Christian's convoy to the Leeward Islands Station, with the intention to capture the Dutch and French colonies in the Caribbean. Christian's convoy arrived in Barbados on 21 April. With Lieutenant-General Sir Ralph Abercromby's forces, Christian sailed on 26 April, to invade St Lucia; the island surrendered 25 May.[20]

In March 1797 Ball was appointed to the 32-gun fifth rate frigate HMS Daedalus,[21] on 14 July Daedalus, with HMS Leopard and HMS Orestes, sailed from England for the Cape of Good Hope.[22] While stationed in South Africa between the months August 1797 and February 1798, Deadalus with HMS Hornet, was involved in the capture of six vessels, American vessels Rebecca and President, slavers Quaker and Ocean, French schooner Prosperité and an armed ship Bell.[23] Daedalus was involved in an action off of South Africa, just after day-break on 9 February 1799 unknown sails were seen on the horizon, these were the French frigate Prudente and its prize an American ship Canton. The two ships split up and Daedalus followed the larger Prudente. Just after 12:00 Prudente, unable to evade her pursuer, turned to fire a broadside at the Daedalus. At around 25 minutes past 12:00 Daedalus opened fire, with the ships now side by side they exchanged cannon fire, until the badly battered French ship surrendered after almost an hour. The Daedalus lost two men killed and 12 wounded in the engagement; Prudente suffered 27 killed and 22 wounded. Returning to the Cape of Good Hope, where Prudente's damage was deemed too expensive to repair and she was scrapped.[24][25]

On 9 July, Daedalus sailed for the East Indies Station, joining the fleet of Rear-Admiral Peter Rainier.[21] On 14 August Daedalus and HMS Fox, on operations in the Red Sea, got information from trading vessels that Frenchmen were stationed at the town of Kosseir. Sailing to investigate, they found that the French colours were flying over the fort, the two frigates then opened fire on the fort and town, continuing the occasional cannon fire through the night and over the next few days. Twice boats were sent in an attempt to land men and cannons to take the town, but the French defence had them retreating, with one man dead and a cannon lost in the surf. Daedalus and Fox retreated on the afternoon of 16 August.[26] Between 23 August 1800 and 31 March 1801, Daedalus was part of Rainier's fleet that captured five armed Dutch vessels and destroyed another 22, one of these captured vessels Ball ordered manned and armed, which he named HMS Admiral Rainier.[27] With the death of Captain John Turnor in January 1801, Ball took command of the 64-gun third rate ship of the line HMS Trident.[28]

With the Peace of Amiens, 25 March 1802, Ball returned to Britain. With the death of Captain Adrian Renou in January 1805, Ball was appointed flag captain to Rear-Admiral Bartholomew Rowley in the 64-gun third rate ship of the line HMS Zealand as a guardship at the Nore.[29] On 6 April 1806, Zealand in company with HMS Terror, HMS Lion and HMS Railleur, captured four Prussian vessels.[30] With Rowley appointed in April 1807 as Commander-in-Chief, the Downs, Ball was moved to the navy's list reserve officers.

Ball was awarded a silver medal from the Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures and Commerce (now known as the Royal Society of Arts), in 1807. It was awarded for a design for the improvement of the durability of anchors, as well as a way of raising them, that he believed would reduce accidents to the crew and ships.[31][32]

In early April 1809 Ball was commander of the 80-gun third rate ship of the line HMS Gibraltar. Gibraltar joins the fleet of Admiral Lord Gambier in blockading the French at Battle of the Basque Roads.[33] Crew from Gibraltar helped to man the fireships of Captain Lord Cochrane's attack on 11 April, with Lieutenant John Cookesley injured and Master's mate John Conyers killed.[34][35] Gibraltar was part of Gambier's fleet that tried to capture or destroy the French vessels, until the battle came to an end on 29 April.[36] On 3 August, Ball was called as a witness on the eighth day of the Court-martial of James, Lord Gambier which assessed whether Gambier had failed to support Cochrane at the Battle of Basque Roads. Ball testified in Gambier's favour, with the verdict clearing Gambier of all charges on 4 August.[37]

In April 1812 Ball became flag captain to Rear-Admiral Philip Charles Durham in 80-gun HMS Christian VII off of Texel, until December 1813, with Christian VII being removed from active service. Ball then went on half-pay in semi-retirement.[38] On 4 June 1814 Ball was promoted to flag rank as rear-admiral of the blue.[3]

Ball married twice, his first marriage was on 17 June 1802, to Charlotte Forster,[39] she died a year later in 1803.[1] On 19 July 1810, Ball married for a second time to Anne Georgianna Henrietta Johnston,[1][40] who was 31 years his junior, she survived him and died in 1864.[41] No children were produced from either marriage.

Ball had one daughter, Anne Maria, born 1789 on Norfolk Island to Sarah Partridge (also known as Sarah Roberts), a convict sentenced to 7 years transportation, for shoplifting on 14 January 1784,[42] transported with the First Fleet in the Lady Penrhyn.[41][43] Anne Maria was baptised on 22 August 1789 at Sydney.[41] As Partridge's sentence had expired by the time Ball returned to England, it's believed that Partridge and his daughter returned with him on Supply.[44] Anne Maria married Joseph Freeman Rattenbury, of Gray's Inn, on 24 July 1810.[40] Ball's sister Mary made "my niece 'Ann Maria'" her heir in 1820.[44]

Tomb at Petersham.

Ball retired to Mitcham[1] (then in Surrey and now in Greater London) where he died on 22 October 1818. He was buried in the churchyard at St Peter's Church, Petersham, in the family vault of his second wife.[41] A plaque commemorating Ball was added to the Johnston tomb on 20 October 2013 at a service attended by the Australian High Commissioner to the United Kingdom.[41] Ball's Pyramid and Mount Lidgbird on Lord Howe Island, Ball Bay, Norfolk Island, and Balls Head on Sydney Harbour are all named after him.[2]