Hangzhou Metro

The Hangzhou Metro (Chinese: 杭州地铁) is a rapid transit system that serves Hangzhou in Zhejiang province, China. The system opened on November 24, 2012.[2] It is the 17th city in China to operate a rapid transit system.

Hangzhou Metro
Overview
OwnerCity of Hangzhou
LocaleHangzhou, Zhejiang, China
Transit typeRapid transit
Number of lines11
Number of stations223
Daily ridership2,461,300 (2021 avg.)
3,539,000 (4 March 2022, Peak)
Operation
Began operationNovember 24, 2012 (2012-11-24)
Operator(s)Hangzhou Metro Corporation (Line 2, Line 3, Line 4, Line 6, Line 7, Line 8, Line 9, Line 10, Line 16)
MTR Corporation (Hangzhou) (Line 1, Line 5)
Technical
System length419 km (260 mi)[1]
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in)
System map

Hangzhou Metro
Simplified Chinese杭州地铁
Traditional Chinese杭州地鐵

Network
To scale map of Hangzhou Metro lines in operation.

Metro
Line Terminals
(District)		 Commencement Newest
Extension		 Length
km		 Stations Operator
 1  Xianghu
(Xiaoshan)		 Xiaoshan International Airport (Xiaoshan) 2012 2020 53.1 33
 2  Chaoyang
(Xiaoshan)		 Liangzhu
(Yuhang)		 2014 2017 43.3[3] 33
 3  Xingqiao
(Linping)		 Chaowang Road
(Gongshu)		 2022 21[4] 13
 4  Chihua Street
(Xihu)		 Puyan
(Binjiang)		 2015 2022 46.8 32
 5  Jinxing
(Yuhang)		 Guniangqiao
(Xiaoshan)		 2019 2020 53.9 38
 6  Goujulong
(Shangcheng)		 West Guihua Road
(Fuyang)
Shuangpu
(Xihu)		 2020 2021 58.5 34
 7  Jiangdong'er Road
(Qiantang)		 Wushan Square
(Shangcheng)		 2020 2022 47.5 23
 8  South Wenhai Road
(Qiantang)		 Xinwan Road
(Qiantang)		 2021 17.2 9
 9  Guanyintang
(Shangcheng)		 Long'an
(Linping)		 2021 2022 29.5 19
 10  Yisheng Road
(Yuhang)		 Cuibai Road
(Xihu)		 2022 12[4] 9
 16  Lvting Road
(Yuhang)		 Jiuzhou Street
(Lin'an)		 2020 35.1[5] 12
Total 419[1] 223

Commuter rail
Line Terminals
(District)		 Commencement Newest
Extension		 Length
km		 Stations Operator
 Hangzhou–Haining  Linping South Railway Station
(Linping)		 International Campus, ZJU
(Haining, Jiaxing)		 2021 46.4 12 Zhejiang Rail Transit Operation Management Group Co., Ltd[6]

Description

There are currently 12 lines (11 metro lines and 1 commuter rail) in operation. The adjacent Shaoxing Metro connects the system at Guniangqiao station of Line 5.

  • Line 1 is an arc-shaped line, begins at Xianghu in Xiaoshan, stretches across downtown Hangzhou[7] after crossing the Qiantang River and ends at Xiaoshan International Airport. It serves as mainline connecting West Lake, Hangzhou Railway Station, Hangzhou East Railway Station, Xiasha Higher Education Park and the Airport. It used to have a branch line to Linping District, which became part of Line 9 in July 2021.
  • Line 2 links the Xiaoshan Industrial Park with Qianjiang Century City, Downtown Hangzhou and Liangzhu in Yuhang District. It serves as mainline and run in northwest-southeast direction.
  • Line 3 begins in Xingqiao subdistrict in Linping, runs in northeast-southwest direction and terminates near Hangzhou West Railway Station. A branch commence near Xixi Wetland and connects Xiaoheshan Higher Education Park. It is one of the major lines in the system.
  • Line 4 is a "?" shaped line that stretching from Puyan to Chihua Street in north Sandunzhen in Xihu District. It serves as a secondary mainline connecting Puyan, West Lake scenic area south, Qianjiang New City, Hangzhou East Railway Station and several residential areas in the north part of the city.
  • Line 5 is a "Z" shaped line stretching from Future Sci-Tech City in Yuhang District, passing multiple areas in the downtown and ends near Hangzhou-Shaoxing city limit. It provides multiple points of transfer and it is one of the busiest line in the system, serving more than 500,000 passengers per day.
  • Line 6 connects Fuyang District with Olympic Sports Park, Qianjiang Century City, Asian Games Village and the Hangzhou East Railway Station. It is one of two metro lines linking the main venue of 2022 Asian Games.
  • Line 7 links the West Lake with Qianjiang New City, Olympic Sports Park, Xiaoshan Int'l Airport and Dajiangdong Industrial Park.
  • Line 8 provides a rapid link between Xiasha Higher Education Park and Dajiangdong Industrial Park.
  • Line 9 provides a rapid link between Qianjiang New City and Linping District. The section between Linping and Coach Center was part of Line 1 until 10 July 2021.
  • Line 10 provides a north-south link between Huanglong Sports Center and Renhe subdistrict in Yuhang. It plans to connect Hangzhou-Deqing Intercity Rail in the future.
  • Line 16 is a rapid metro line linking Lin'an District with Yuhang District.
  • Hangzhou-Haining Intercity Rail is a commuter rail which links Linping, Hangzhou and Haining, Jiaxing, passing multiple towns as well as the famous China Leather City.

The Hangzhou Metro has the only metro system map in China whose first seven lines follow the hue order of the rainbow colors.[8]

History

Initial plans

The planning for a metro system in the city started in the 1990s and was about to start construction works in September 2003, but the State Council suspended construction works due to increasing costs. The state council approved the construction and operation of a rapid transit system by the Hangzhou Subway Group Co. Ltd in Hangzhou on June 5, 2005.[9] The preliminary design for the first line, Line 1, was approved on January 11, 2007 by the Development and Reform Commission after four days of study. It would be 47.97 km long, of which 41.36 km is underground, 6.14 km elevated, and 0.47 km at grade.[10]

Construction
Wulin Square station
Evolution of the network

Construction of the first phase of Hangzhou Metro Line 1 began on March 28, 2007, with subsequent phases beginning later in that year. The first phase included three underground stations in Qianjiang New City. Jiubao East Station is the biggest station along Line 1 and will be a hub for the future metro system and other forms of public transport.[7] The funding of Line 1 came from both the city government and the banks, with 10.2 billion yuan and 5 billion yuan respectively. The first phase construction was estimated to be 45 billion yuan.[9]

In January 2009, it was announced that MTR Corporation would invest in a 22 billion-yuan ($3.2 billion) / 25-year / 49% share joint venture with the Hangzhou government to operate Line 1 of the metro.[11]

The first section of Line 4 opened for trial operation on February 2, 2015.[12]

In December 2016, the National Development and Reform Commission approved the planning for 10 lines, including extensions to the three existing lines, scheduled to open in time for the 2022 Asian Games.[13] By then the Hangzhou Metro network is projected to be 446 km long.[14] As of 2018 there are over 300 km of subway lines under construction in Hangzhou.[15]

Accident

On November 15, 2008, a 75-metre (250 ft) section of the tunnel near Fengqing Avenue in Xiaoshan District collapsed while under construction,[16] killing 17 people.[17]

Future expansions
YearsLinesSectionTerminalsLength

(km)

 StationsNotes & References
2022  3  Main LineWushanqianWest Lake Cultural Square27.7517[18][19][20]
BranchShimaSouth Xixi Wetland8.45The branch line will become Line 14 in the future.[18][19]
 5 Phase 2 Adjustment sectionJinxingYuhang Town2.031
 10 Phase 1Huanglong Sports CenterXueyuan Road23[18][21]
 19  ( Airport Express )TiaoxiYongsheng Road59.1417[22][23][24]

References
  1. "Hangzhou opens city centre metro extensions". Retrieved April 5, 2021.
  2. "本网快讯：杭州地铁时代即将来临 1号线24日开通". Archived from the original on June 17, 2013. Retrieved November 22, 2012.
  3. "今天17时，地铁2号线全程开通 从头坐到尾只需77分钟". December 27, 2017. Archived from the original on October 16, 2019. Retrieved October 16, 2019.
  4. "三线齐发！今天11时，杭州地铁3号线首通段、4号线二期、10号线首通段开通". February 21, 2022. Archived from the original on February 21, 2022. Retrieved February 21, 2022.
  5. "杭州地铁16号线开通在即 余杭到临安不到38分钟". April 9, 2020. Archived from the original on October 30, 2020. Retrieved April 19, 2020.
  6. "浙江轨道集团运营管理的杭海城际铁路通车". Retrieved July 26, 2021.
  7. Kat Jiang, "Hangzhou to build metro system Archived September 27, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, Shanghai Daily, 2007-03-01
  8. "七色彩虹！ 杭州地铁每条线颜色是怎么出炉的？看揭秘". Archived from the original on July 1, 2020. Retrieved July 1, 2020.
  9. Tang Fuchun, Hangzhou Subway Planning Approved Archived February 11, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, china.org.cn, 2005-06-16
  10. "Design of Hangzhou Metro Line No.1 Brings Convenience to Passengers". January 11, 2007. Archived from the original on May 22, 2011.
  11. "MTR to Operate, Invest in $3.2 Billion Subway in Eastern China". bloomberg.com. January 16, 2009. Retrieved April 30, 2015.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  12. "experimental operation on Metro Line 4 first section, February 2". hangzhou.gov.cn (in Chinese). February 2, 2015. Archived from the original on February 4, 2015. Retrieved February 4, 2015.
  13. "杭州地铁三期10条线路获批 计划亚运会前建成". December 21, 2016. Archived from the original on April 18, 2018. Retrieved February 11, 2017.
  14. "[浙江]杭州地铁2号线西北段开通 22分钟城西飞驰到城东(图)". news.sina.com.cn. Archived from the original on October 20, 2017. Retrieved July 6, 2017.
  15. "穩增長 內地掀新一波城市軌道建設熱 - 香港經濟日報 - 中國頻道 - 經濟". china.hket.com. Archived from the original on August 23, 2018. Retrieved August 26, 2018.
  16. http://www.shanghaidaily.com/article/?id=380858&type=National
  17. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on March 5, 2012. Retrieved November 27, 2008.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  18. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on January 8, 2018. Retrieved July 9, 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  19. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on January 8, 2018. Retrieved July 17, 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  20. http://hz.house.ifeng.com/detail/2017_07_20/51146271_0.shtml Archived January 8, 2018, at the Wayback Machine(in Chinese)52km、34站横穿市区 难产多年杭州地铁3号线年底开工
  21. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on July 1, 2021. Retrieved July 17, 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  22. "杭州机场轨道快线车站部分效果图曝光 全线17座车站 预计明年6月开通". September 9, 2021. Archived from the original on October 22, 2021. 杭州机场轨道快线工程起点苕溪站，终点靖江站，线路长59.14公里，地下线长度47.105公里，高架段长度12.034公里，其中与杭甬高速合建10.266公里。全线共设车站17座，其中高架站4座，地下站13座
  23. "At 11:00 this morning, Hangzhou Metro Lines 3, 4, and 10 will open together" 今天上午11点，杭州地铁3、4、10号线，三线齐开. Archived from the original on February 21, 2022. Retrieved February 25, 2022.
  24. "All 15 stations will start construction and will be completed in 2022. Hangzhou Airport Rail Express will be included in the provincial key construction projects" 15个站点全部开工 2022年建成 杭州机场轨道快线列入省重点建设项目. November 15, 2019. Archived from the original on November 15, 2019. Retrieved November 15, 2019.
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