GOST 10859

GOST 10859 (1964) is a standard of the Soviet Union which defined how to encode data on punched cards. This standard allowed a variable word size, depending on the type of data being encoded, but only uppercase characters.

These include the non-ASCII ⏨. It was used to express real numbers in scientific notation. For example: 6.0221415⏨23.

The ⏨ character was also part of the ALGOL programming language specifications and was incorporated into the then German character encoding standard ALCOR. GOST 10859 also included numerous other non-ASCII characters/symbols useful to ALGOL programmers, e.g.: ∨, ∧, ⊃, ≡, ¬, ≠, ↑, ↓, ×, ÷, ≤, ≥, °, &, ∅, compare with ALGOL operators.

Character sets
GOST 10859 4-bit code: Binary-coded decimal
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
0x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 + - / , . DEL
GOST 10859 5-bit code: with BCD & mathematical operators
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
0x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 + - / , .  SP 
1x ⏨ ↑ ( ) × = ; [ ] * ‘ ’ ≠ < > DEL
GOST 10859 6-bit code: with only Cyrillic upper-case letters
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
0x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 + - / , .  SP 
1x ⏨ ↑ ( ) × = ; [ ] * ‘ ’ ≠ < > :
2x А Б В Г Д Е Ж З И Й К Л М Н О П
3x Р С Т У Ф Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ы Ь Э Ю Я DEL
GOST 10859 7-bit code: Cyrillic and Latin upper-case letters
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
0x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 + - / , .  SP 
1x ⏨ ↑ ( ) × = ; [ ] * ‘ ’ ≠ < > :
2x title="U+0410 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER A or U+0041 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A" style="padding:1px;background:#FEE"|А Б title="U+0412 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER VE or U+0042 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B" style="padding:1px;background:#FEE"|В Г Д title="U+0415 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER IE or U+0045 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E" style="padding:1px;background:#FEE"|Е Ж З И Й title="U+041A CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER KA or U+004A LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J" style="padding:1px;background:#FEE"|К Л title="U+041C CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EM or U+004C LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L" style="padding:1px;background:#FEE"|М title="U+041D CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER EN or U+0048 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H" style="padding:1px;background:#FEE"|Н title="U+041E CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER O or U+004E LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N" style="padding:1px;background:#FEE"|О П
3x title="U+0420 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ER or U+0050 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P" style="padding:1px;background:#FEE"|Р title="U+0421 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ES or U+0043 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C" style="padding:1px;background:#FEE"|С title="U+0422 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER TE or U+0054 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T" style="padding:1px;background:#FEE"|Т title="U+0423 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER U or U+0059 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y" style="padding:1px;background:#FEE"|У Ф title="U+0425 CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER HA or U+0058 LATIN CAPITAL LETTER X" style="padding:1px;background:#FEE"|Х Ц Ч Ш Щ Ы Ь Э Ю Я D
4x F G I J L N Q R S U V W Z ‾ ≤ ≥
5x ∨ ∧ ⊃ ¬ ÷ ≡ % ◊ | — _ ! " Ъ ° '
6x → ← ? ↓ ∅ ± ∇
7x DEL
  Cyrillic and Latin letters with identical (A, B, C, E, H, K, M, O, P, T, X) and similar (Y/У) glyphs were unified.
GOST 10859 6-bit code: with only Latin upper-case letters
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
0x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 + - / , .  SP 
1x ⏨ ↑ ( ) × = ; [ ] * ‘ ’ ≠ < > :
2x A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P
3x Q R S T U V W X Y Z ∨ ∧ ⊃ ¬ ÷ DEL

See also

References
  • (in Russian) ГОСТ 10859-64. Машины вычислительные. Коды алфавитно-цифровые для перфокарт и перфолент.
  • GOST 10859 (from the Computer Museum of University of Amsterdam)
  • GOST 10859

Further reading
  • Savard, John J. G. (2018) [2005]. "Computer Arithmetic". quadibloc. The Early Days of Hexadecimal. Archived from the original on 2018-07-16. Retrieved 2018-07-16.
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