Frank Yerby

Yerby was born in Augusta, Georgia, on September 5, 1916, the second of four children of Rufus Garvin Yerby (1886–1961), a hotel doorman, and Wilhelmina Ethel Yerby (née Smythe) (1888–1960), a teacher.[3] Yerby's ancestry was Black, White, and Native American. Yerby would later refer to himself as "a young man whose list of ancestors read like a mini-United Nations."[4][5] One of Yerby's siblings was Alonzo Yerby, Associate Dean of the Harvard School of Public Health in Boston and New York City Hospitals Commissioner.

As a child, Yerby attended Augusta's Haines Institute, a private school for African Americans.[2][6] In 1937, he graduated from Paine College with a B.A. in English, and earned his M.A. from Fisk University in 1938,[1] where he published his first poetry, in the Fisk Herald, "The Fishes and the Poet's Hands", "a curious poem [that] might be read as a lament that a fascination with the Romantic and picturesque would be at odds with penning protest literature", according to Hollis Robbins.[7]

In 1938, he began courses for a doctorate in English at the University of Chicago, but left school to teach in 1939.[3] He was a professor of English at Florida A&M University and then Southern University in Louisiana, before moving to Detroit and New York, where he worked in wartime defense industries.[2]

Yerby was originally noted for writing romance novels set in the antebellum South.[2] In mid-century, he began writing a series of best-selling historical novels ranging from the Athens of Pericles to Europe in the Dark Ages. Yerby took considerable pains in research and often end-noted his historical works. In all, he wrote 33 novels.

His 1944 short story "Health Card", published in Harper's, won the prestigious O. Henry Memorial Prize for best short story.[2][8]

In 1946, he published The Foxes of Harrow, a Southern historical romance, which became the first novel by an African American to sell more than a million copies. In this work he faithfully reproduced many of the genre's most familiar features, with the notable exception of his representation of African-American characters, who bore little resemblance to the "happy darkies" that appeared in such well-known works as Gone With the Wind (1936). That same year he also became the first African American to have a book purchased for screen adaptation by a Hollywood studio, when 20th Century Fox optioned Foxes. Ultimately, the book became a 1947 Oscar-nominated film of the same name starring Rex Harrison and Maureen O'Hara.

In some quarters, Yerby is best known for his masterpiece The Dahomean (1971).[8] The novel, which focuses on the life of an enslaved African chief's son who is transported to America, serves as the culmination of Yerby's efforts toward incorporating racial themes into his works. Prior to that, Yerby was often criticized by blacks for the lack of focus on African-American characters in his books.[9][8]

In 2012, The New York Times columnist Nicholas Kristof wrote an article featuring an at-risk child whose life was turned around by reading Yerby books that one of his teachers was secretly providing to him.[10]

Yerby married Flora Helen Claire Williams (1921 - 2001) in 1941. They had four children. The couple separated in 1955, and their divorce was finalized in 1956.[3]

Yerby left the United States in 1952, in protest against racial discrimination, and moved to Nice, France, for three years. In 1955, he moved to Madrid, Spain where he remained for the rest of his life.[2][8] Yerby married Blanca Calle-Perez in 1956.[3]

Yerby died from liver cancer in Madrid and was interred there in the Cementerio de la Almudena, the biggest Spanish cemetery.

In 2006, Yerby was posthumously inducted into the Georgia Writers Hall of Fame.[9]

In 2013, the Augusta Literary Festival created an award to honor Frank Yerby. This award is given to three fiction authors from a submission pool.[11]

Uncle Percy in Thomas Mullen's Darktown is partly based on Frank Yerby.[12]

George R. R. Martin cites Frank Yerby as an influence on his own writing.[13]

• "Salute to the Flag" (The Paineite, 1936)
• "Love Story" (The Paineite, 1937)
• "A Date with Vera" (The Fisk Herald, 1937)
• "Young Man Afraid" (The Fisk Herald, 1937)
• "The Thunder of God" (The Anvil, 1939)
• "Health Card" (Harper's Magazine, 1944)
• "White Magnolias" (Phylon, 1944)
• "Roads Going Down" (Common Ground, 1945)
• "The Homecoming" (Common Ground, 1946)
• "My Brother Went to College" (Tomorrow, 1946)

Veronica T. Watson published an anthology of Frank Yerby's short stories, The Short Stories of Frank Yerby (2020). It includes five previously published and eleven previously unpublished short stories.

• The Foxes of Harrow (1947)
• The Golden Hawk (1952)
• The Saracen Blade (1954),[14]

• Bibliography of Yerby's work, interviews, and scholarship.
• Fleming, KaToya Ellis (March 17, 2020). "You Never Can Tell About a River". Oxford American.
• Garcia Gomez, Emilio (December 21, 1983). "Entrevista con Frank Yerby". Etnografo. Madrid. Archived from the original on July 7, 2014.
• James L. Hill (2011). Tracy, Stephen C. (ed.). Writers of the Black Chicago Renaissance. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press. pp. 386–412. ISBN 9780252036392.
• Jarrett, Gene Andrew (2007). Deans and Truants: Race and Realism in African American Literature. University of Pennsylvania Press.
• Lowe, J. "Subversive Romanticism, Haitian Specters, in Yerby's The Golden Hawk". allacademic.com. (unpublished manuscript of conference paper).
• Robbins, Hollis (March 21, 2019). "Frank Yerby, Protest, and the Picturesque". The Best American Poetry.
• Smiles, Robin V. (November 4, 2004). "Uncovering Frank Yerby". Black Issues in Higher Education. Archived from the original on May 6, 2006.
• Teutsch, Matthew (January 31, 2018). "African American Novelist Frank Yerby's Writing on Race". Black Perspectives.
• Teutsch, Matthew (January 2020). "Frank Yerby and Lillian Smith: Challenging the Myths of Whiteness." The Bitter Southerner.
• Watson, Veronica (2020). The Short Stories of Frank Yerby.
• Williams, John A. (September 1963). "Negro In Literature Today". Ebony.