Foreign relations of the Gambia

The Gambia followed a formal policy of non-alignment throughout most of former President Dawda Jawara's tenure. It maintained close relations with the United Kingdom, Senegal, and other African countries. The July 1994 coup strained The Gambia's relationship with Western powers, particularly the United States. Starting in 1995, President Yahya Jammeh established diplomatic relations with several additional countries, including Libya, the Republic of China (on Taiwan, before 2013), and Cuba. During his last years, the EU grew increasingly intolerant of Jammeh's iron-fist rule. Consequently, Brussels withheld millions of Euros to The Gambia. Jammeh fired back by expelling the EU's top diplomat in the country after he had accused the bloc and human rights activists of conniving to besmirch the image of his government for its stance on homosexuality.[1]

Politics of the Gambia
Constitution
Executive
Legislative
Judiciary
Elections
Administrative divisions
Foreign relations
 The Gambia portal

The Gambia plays an active role in international affairs, especially West African and Islamic affairs, although its representation abroad is limited. As a member of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), the Gambia has played an active role in that organization's efforts to resolve the Liberian Civil War and contributed troops to the community's cease-fire monitoring group (ECOMOG). It also has sought to mediate disputes in nearby Guinea-Bissau and the neighbouring Casamance region of Senegal.

The People's Republic of China, Cuba, Libya, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America have embassies or High Commissions in the Gambia.

On 25 May 2005, the Gambia announced its readiness to establish full diplomatic relations with the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. The Gambia did not do so, however, citing international opinion.

In November 2010, the Gambia severed all diplomatic ties with Iran following the seizure of a suspicious arms shipment in Nigeria.

During the early months of the Libyan Civil War, the Gambia became the first African state to recognize the National Transitional Council as the sole legitimate representative of Libya.

Bilateral relations
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
 Angola 3 September 2021 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 September 2021 signed Joint Communique in Addis Ababa[2][3]
 Argentina15 January 1980

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 January 1980.[4]

 Armenia9 October 2018

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 October 2018.[5]

 Azerbaijan 11 November 1994 See Azerbaijan-Gambia relations

On November 11, 1994, Azerbaijan and The Gambia signed the Protocol on the establishment of diplomatic relations.[6]

 Bahrain 6 February 1983 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 February 1983[7]
 Bangladesh

A business delegation led by Minister of Trade, Industry, Regional Integration and Employment Abdoulie Jobe visited Bangladesh in December 2014.[8]

 Belarus 10 April 2002 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 April 2002[9]
 Bosnia and Herzegovina 12 July 1996 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 July 1996[10]
 Brazil 11 May 1979 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 May 1979
 Brunei Darussalam 21 January 2016 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 January 2016 signed Joint Communique in Kuala Lumpur[11]
 Bulgaria 11 June 1999 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 June 1999
 Burundi 15 October 2021 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 October 2021 signed Joint Communique in Addis Ababa[12][13]
 Cambodia 28 April 2010 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 April 2010[14]
 Chad 31 August 2021 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 31 August 2021 signed Joint Communique in Addis Ababa[2][3]
 China14 December 1974, broken 25 July 1995, Restored 17 March 2016See China–Gambia relations

China and Gambia reestablished diplomatic relations on 17 March 2016, having previously cut ties in 1995.[15]

 Colombia 3 October 1988 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 October 1988[16]
 Comoros 11 October 2021 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 October 2021[17]
 Costa Rica 26 October 1999 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 October 1999[18]
 Cote d'Ivoire 8 August 1975 Both countries established diplomatic relations when first Ambassador of the Gambia to Ivory Coast Mr. Salieu Cham presented his credentials to President Ivory Coast on 8 August 1975
 Croatia16 October 1998See Croatia–Gambia relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 October 1998.[19][20][21]

 Cuba 19 May 1979 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 May 1979[22][23]
 Cyprus8 December 2000

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 December 2000.[24][25]

 Czech Republic 1993 The Gambia began diplomatic relations from 19 February 1972 with Czechoslovakia and with Czech Republic from 1993
 Denmark January 1979 Both countries established diplomatic relations as of January 1979
 Djibouti 1 July 2021 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 July 2021 signed Joint Communique in Addis Ababa[2][3]
 Dominica26 July 2012

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 July 2012.[26]

  • Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations.
 Dominican Republic 10 May 2019 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 May 2019[27][28]
 Ecuador 1 December 2011 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 December 2011[29]
 Egypt 1965 Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1965
 Estonia 30 May 2001 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 May 2001[30]
 Ethiopia 17 October 1966 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 October 1966
 Fiji 24 October 2014 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 October 2014 signed Joint Communique in New York[31][32]
 Finland1 September 1988See Finland–Gambia relations Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 September 1988[33]
 France 1965 Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1965 and 28 May 1965 was appointed first Ambassador of France to the Gambia Mr. Jean Vyav de Lagarde, he presented his letters of credentials to President of the Gambia on 31 May 1965
 Gabon 1 September 2021 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 1 September 2021 signed Joint Communique in Addis Ababa[2][3]
 Georgia21 April 2010

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 April 2010.[34][35]

 Germany 26 April 1965 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 April 1965[36]
 Guatemala 25 September 2006 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 September 2006[37]
 Guinea-Bissau 10 August 1974 Both countries established diplomatic relations 10 August 1974 when first Ambassador of the Gambia presented his credentials to Cabral in Dakar
 Guyana24 September 2009
  Holy See 7 June 1978 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 June 1978[40]
 Hungary 14 June 1971 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 June 1971[41]
 Iceland 11 May 2004 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 11 May 2004[42][43]
 India 25 June 1965 See Gambia–India relations
  • India has an Honorary Consulate in Banjul.[44][45]
  • Gambia maintains a High Commission in New Delhi.[46]
  • Both countries are full members of the Commonwealth of Nations.
 Indonesia 30 May 1982 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 May 1982[47]
 Ireland 29 May 2001 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 May 2001[48]
 Israel3 June 1965, broke off 26 October 1973, Restored 14 September 1992

Both countries established diplomatic relations in September 1992.[49]

 Italy 1965 Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1965
 Jamaica 29 November 2011 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 November 2011[50]
 Japan 23 December 1966 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 December 1966
 Kazakhstan 26 April 2011 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 April 2011
 Kiribati 27 September 2012 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 September 2012[51]
 Kosovo 23 September 2016 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 September 2016[52]
 Kuwait 29 August 1974 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 August 1974
 Kyrgyzstan 30 June 2000 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 June 2000[53]
 Latvia12 March 1998

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 March 1998.[54]

 Lebanon 25 May 1965 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 May 1965
 Liberia 1965 Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1965
 Libya 1973 Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1973, but severed from 29 October 1980 to 19 December 1984
 Lithuania17 February 2000

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 February 2000.[55][56][57]

 Malaysia1981Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1981[58]

See Malaysia–The Gambia relations

The Malaysian embassy in Dakar is accredited to The Gambia while the Gambian embassy in Abu Dhabi is accredited to Malaysia. The relations are friendly and warm.[59]

 Maldives 3 July 1989 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 3 July 1989[60]
 Malta21 October 1976

Both countries have a Memorandum on Migration Matters.[61]

 Mauritius 4 March 2003 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 March 2003[62]
 Mexico15 August 1975Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 August 1975[63]
  • Gambia does not have an accreditation to Mexico.
  • Mexico is accredited to The Gambia from its embassy in Accra, Ghana.[64]
 Moldova 12 June 2012 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 12 June 2012[65]
 Mongolia 22 December 2011 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 December 2011[66]
 Montenegro16 August 2012

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 16 August 2012.[67][68]

 Morocco 1965 Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1965
 Myanmar 13 January 2011 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 January 2011[69]
 Nauru 27 September 2012 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 27 September 2012[51]
   Nepal 24 May 2021 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 May 2021 signed Joint Communique in New York[70][71]
 Netherlands 1 august 1966 first Ambassador of the Netherlands to the Gambia (resident in Dakar) Mr. F.A. Hoefer presented his credentials to President of the Gambia
 Nicaragua 8 July 2019 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 July 2019[72][73]
 Nigeria 28 May 1965 28 May 1965 established diplomatic relations between both countries when was accredited the first High Commissioner of Nigeria to the Gambia Mr. Alhaji Muhamadu Sani Kantagora
 North Korea 2 March 1973 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 March 1973[74]
 North Macedonia 29 September 1998 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 29 September 1998[75]
 Norway 1979 Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1979
 Oman 4 February 1980 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 4 February 1980
 Pakistan 1967 Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1967
 Paraguay 22 April 2010 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 April 2010[76]
 Philippines 26 June 1996 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 June 1996[77]
 Poland 21 January 1975 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 21 January 1975[78]
 Portugal 8 September 1976 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 8 september 1976[79]
 Qatar 22 January 1978 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 22 January 1978[80]
 Romania30 July 1971

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 July 1971.[81]

 Russia17 July 1965See The Gambia–Russia relations

Both countries have established diplomatic relations on 17 July 1965. Diplomatic relations were later established once again after the breakup of the Soviet Union. The Gambia has an embassy in Moscow. Russia is represented in the Gambia through its embassy in Dakar (Senegal).

 Saint Kitts and Nevis 6 June 2016 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 6 June 2016[82]
 Saint Lucia 13 April 2016 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 13 April 2016[83]
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines2 March 2009

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 March 2009.[84]

  • Both countries are members of the Commonwealth of Nations.
 San Marino 9 August 2004 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 august 2004
 Saudi Arabia 9 May 1974 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 May 1974[85]
 Senegal 13 May 1965 Diplomatic relations between the two countries began when was accredited first Ambassador of Senegal to The Gambia Mr. Babcucar N'Daye on 13 May 1965. Gambian Embassy in Dakar was opened on 7 February 1966
 Serbia1965

Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1965.[86]

 Singapore 23 January 2015 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 23 January 2015[87][88]
 Sierra Leone 10 December 1966 10 December 1966 was accredited first High Commissioner of Sierra Leone to the Gambia, Mr Abdul Kalim, in 1971, Sierra Leone opened a High Commission in Banjul
 Slovakia 18 August 1995 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 August 1995
 Slovenia 25 August 2005 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 August 2005[89]
 Solomon Islands 19 May 2011 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 19 May 2011[90]
 Spain14 August 1965Both countries established diplomatic relations on 14 August 1965[91]

See Gambia–Spain relations

 South Africa 7 August 1998 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 7 August 1998[92]
 South Korea21 April 1965

Diplomatic relations between the Republic of Korea and the Gambia were formally established on 21 April 1965. As of 2011, there were 24 South Koreans living in Gambia.[93]

 Sri Lanka10 May 2019

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 May 2019.[94]

  • Both countries are members of the Commonwealth of Nations.
 Suriname 17 October 1977 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 October 1977[95]
 Taiwan27 September 1968, broke off 28 December 1974, restored 13 July 1995, broke off 14 November 2013See Gambia–Taiwan relations

The Gambia firstly established diplomatic relations with the Republic of China (Taiwan) in 1968, three years after The Gambia gained its independence from the United Kingdom.[1]

In 1974, The Gambia switched diplomatic relations from ROC to the People's Republic of China but switched again back to ROC in 1995. In December 2006, the Premier of the Republic of China (Taiwan) completed an official visit to the Gambia in part to pay respects to President Jammeh's inaugural ceremony and to donate funds for medical purposes. The Gambian Secretary of State reciprocated with an official visit to Taiwan. There have been several occasional official visits between the two countries. The People's Republic of China cut ties with the Gambia in 1995 after the latter established diplomatic links with the Republic of China (Taiwan). After 18 years, however, Gambian President Yahya Jammeh announced the breaking of diplomatic ties with ROC to recognize PRC on 14 November 2013 citing national strategic interest, immediately even after receiving US$6.6  million worth of aid from the Republic of China (Taiwan) earlier. The ROC officially terminated its ties with The Gambia four days later on 18 November 2013.[96] In an unprecedented move, however, the PRC did not respond to Gambia's offer to establish diplomatic relations, presumably because of its desire to improve relations with Taiwan.[96] The PRC and Gambia reestablished diplomatic relations on 17 March 2016.[1]

 Tajikistan 18 December 2017 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 December 2017[97]
 Togo 10 May 1977 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 May 1977
 Turkey1965[98]
 Turkmenistan 9 August 2012 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 August 2012[99]
 Tuvalu 26 July 2012 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 July 2012[100]
 Ukraine 2 July 1999 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 2 July 1999 signed Joint Communique in New York[101][102]
 United Kingdom18 February 1965

An 1889 agreement with France established the present boundaries. The Gambia became a British Crown Colony, British Gambia, divided for administrative purposes into the colony (city of Banjul and the surrounding area) and the protectorate (remainder of the territory). The Gambia received its own executive and legislative councils in 1901 and gradually progressed toward self-government. It passed a 1906 ordinance abolishing slavery.

During World War II, Gambian troops fought with the Allies in Burma. Banjul (then named Bathurst) served as an air stop for the U.S. Army Air Corps and a port of call for Allied naval convoys. U. S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt stopped overnight in Banjul en route to and from the Casablanca Conference in 1943, marking the first visit to the African continent by a sitting American president.

After World War II, the pace of constitutional reform increased. Following general elections in 1962, the United Kingdom granted full internal self-governance in the following year. The Gambia achieved independence on 18 February 1965, as a constitutional monarchy within the Commonwealth of Nations.

 United States9 August 1965See Gambia–United States relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on 9 August 1965[103]

U.S. policy seeks to build improved relations with the Gambia on the basis of historical ties, mutual respect, democratic rule, human rights, and adherence to UN resolutions on counterterrorism, conflict diamonds, and other forms of trafficking. In accordance with U.S. law, most direct bilateral development and military assistance to the Gambia was suspended because of the 1994 coup d'état. U.S. assistance continues, however, in the form of food aid administered through Catholic Relief Services, support for democracy and human rights projects, and the financing of girls' secondary education. In addition, the Peace Corps maintains a large program with about eighty volunteers engaged in the environment, public health, and education sectors, mainly at the village level.

The Gambia is also a member of the International Criminal Court with a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the US-military (as covered under Article 98).

 Uruguay 25 September 2007 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 25 September 2007 signed Joint Communique in New York[104]
 Venezuela 17 August 1974 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 17 August 1974[105]
 Vietnam 30 October 1973 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 30 October 1973[106]
 Yemen 28 March 1985 Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 March 1985 (with former Yemen Arab Republic)

The Gambia and the Commonwealth of Nations

The Gambia was a member of the Commonwealth of Nations from its independence in 1965 until its withdrawal in October 2013.[107]

After presidential elections in 2016, the winning candidate Adama Barrow promised to return The Gambia to the Commonwealth.[108] On 14 February 2017, The Gambia began the process of returning and formally presented its application to re-join to Secretary-General Patricia Scotland on 22 January 2018.[109][110] Boris Johnson, who became the first British Foreign Secretary to visit The Gambia since the country gained independence in 1965,[111] announced that the British government welcomed The Gambia's return to the Commonwealth.[111]

The Gambia returned to its membership of the Commonwealth on 8 February 2018.

See also

References
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