Edward Jackson (ophthalmologist)

Edward Jackson (March 30, 1856 - October 29, 1942) was an American ophthalmologist better known for popularizing retinoscopy in the United States. He also described detecting astigmatism and its correct axis using a cross cylinder. The modified stokes lens he made was later known as Jackson cross cylinder.

Edward Jackson
Born(1856-03-30)30 March 1856
West Goshen Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania, United States
Died20 October 1942(1942-10-20) (aged 86)
NationalityUnited States
CitizenshipUnited States
Alma materUnion College, New York
University of Pennsylvania
Known forJackson cross cylinder
Scientific career
Fieldsophthalmology
InstitutionsUniversity of Colorado School of Medicine, Penn Medicine Rittenhouse and Wills Eye Hospital

Biography

Edward Jackson was born March 30, 1856, in West Goshen Township, Chester County, Pennsylvania, the son of Holiday and Emily Jackson.[1] He completed his Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering from Union College, New York in 1874, and in 1878 received his medical degree from the University of Pennsylvania.[1]

Personal life and death

Jackson married Jenny L. Price in 1878, and after her death in 1896, he settled in Denver in 1898, where he married Emily Churchman.[1] He died of heart block, on October 29, 1942, at the age of 86.[2]

Career

Jackson, who served as Professor of Ophthalmology at the Penn Medicine Rittenhouse (previosly Philadelphia Polyclinic) and surgeon at Wills Eye Hospital later became professor and chairman of the Department of Ophthalmology at the University of Colorado School of Medicine.[3][1] He founded the Colorado Ophthalmological Society and also started the first postgraduate course in ophthalmology in the US.[3]

In 1885, he popularized retinoscopy in the United States.[2] In 1887 he described the detecting astigmatism using a cross cylinder, and in 1907 he described the determination of the axis of a correcting cylinder in astigmatism using a cross cylinder.[2] The modified stokes lens was later known as Jackson cross cylinder.[4]

He who founded and edited the Yearbook of Ophthalmology and Ophthalmic Literature, was appointed editor of the third series of the American Journal of Ophthalmology in 1918.[2] He held several other positions including president of the American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and member of American Board of Ophthalmology.[1]

Awards and honors

In honor of him, American Academy of Ophthalmology annually conducts Jackson Memorial Lecture.[3][5]

References
  1. "DR. EDWARD JACKSON".
  2. Newell, F. W. (April 1988). "Edward Jackson, MD--a historical perspective of his contributions to refraction and to ophthalmology". Ophthalmology. 95 (4): 555–558. doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(88)33158-1. ISSN 0161-6420.
  3. Staff, Board (5 July 2018). "Nine Trailblazers Who Championed Ophthalmology's Independence in Medicine". diplomatedigest.
  4. Ferrer-Altabás, Sara; Thibos, Larry; Micó, Vicente (14 March 2022). "Astigmatic Stokes lens revisited". Optics Express. 30 (6): 8974–8990. doi:10.1364/OE.450062. ISSN 1094-4087.
  5. Lichter, Paul R. (1 June 1994). "Honoring the History of the Edward Jackson Memorial Lecture: The L Edward Jackson Memorial Lecture. Part 1". American Journal of Ophthalmology. 117 (6): 699–705. doi:10.1016/S0002-9394(14)70313-7. ISSN 0002-9394.

Edward Jackson's Place in the History of Refraction: First Jackson Memorial Lecture

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