Di Chaliastre
Di Chaliastre or Halastre (די כאַליאַסטרע, from Polish "halastra" - gang[1]) was a Jewish avant-garde[2] expressionist-futuristic[3] group of poets, who worked in Warsaw in 1920s. The poets wrote in Yiddish and published a namesake magazine.[4]
The name of the group comes from the term Hillel Zeitlin used for them in the newspaper Der Moment. The group was formed around 1922 around M. Weichert's literary and artistic monthly magazine "Ringen", published since 1921. Its main contributors were Peretz Markish, Melech Ravitch and Uri Zvi Greenberg.
Poets Issac Kipnis, Moisei Khashevatsky, and David Hofstein also became a part of the group.[4]
Books and magazines
The first edition of the almanac with the title "Halastra" was published in Warsaw in 1922; the editors were Peretz Markish and Israel Joshua Singer. The second issue came out in Paris in 1924; editors: Markish and Oser Varshawski, artist - Marc Chagall.[4][5][1]
The almanac "Albatross" was also published under the editorship of Greenberg; (issue 1, Warsaw, 1922; issue 2, Berlin, 1923).
The books of the leaders of "Halastre" caused a wide resonance - "Nakete Leader" ("Naked Poems", 1921) by Melech Ravitch, "Mephisto" ("Mephistopheles", 1922) by Uri Zvi Greenberg, and "Di Coupe" ("Heap", 1922) by Peretz Markish, in which the theoretical propositions proclaimed by the group - the renewal of the poetic language, the exaltation that explodes verse and the "revolution of the spirit" - are expressed with vivid artistic force.
Breakup
Beginning in 1923, the paths of the members of the group diverged and its activity began to die down.[3] The main reason was aliyah of Uri Zvi Greenberg and emigration of other poets from Warsaw.[4]
References
- Светлана Амосова.
- Piotr Kieżun, Edyta Zbąska. "Kiedy Warszawa nadawała ton Berlinowi. O warszawskiej awangardzie jidysz w latach 20. i grupie "Hałastra"" (in Polish).
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - Tarnowska 2003.
- Seth L. Wolitz. "Khalyastre". The YIVO Encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe.
- Марк Шагал.
Sources
- Tarnowska, Magdalena (2003). Oprac. Zofia Borzymińska, Rafał Żebrowski (ed.). Polski słownik judaistyczny. Dzieje – kultura – religia – ludziem, Vol. 1. Warsaw: Prószyński i S-ka. ISBN 83-7255-126-X.
- Марк Шагал (2009). Мой мир: первая автобиография Шагала : воспоминания, интервью. ISBN 978-5751607746.
- Светлана Амосова, ed. (2019). Вещь – символ – знак (Object – Symbol – Sign ) (PDF). Moscow: Sefer. p. 151. ISBN 978-5-7576-0430-5.