Black Sea Governorate

The Black Sea Governorate (pre-reform Russian: Черноморская губернія) was one of the governorates of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire, established in 1896 on the territory of the Black Sea Okrug of the Kuban Oblast. The administrative center of the governorate was the Black Sea port of Novorossiysk. In 1905, the population of the governorate was approximately 70,000 and its area was 6,455 square versts (7,346 km2; 2,836 sq mi), making it the smallest Russian governorate by both measures.[1] The governorate ceased to exist when the Black Sea Soviet Republic was established on its territory in the spring of 1918—later the governorate was reincorporated into the Kuban-Black Sea Oblast of the Russian SFSR in March 1920.

Black Sea Governorate
Черноморская губернія
Governorate
Flag
Coat of arms
Administrative map of the Black Sea Governorate
CountryRussian Empire
ViceroyaltyCaucasus
Established1849
Abolished1917
CapitalNovorossiysk
Area
 • Total7,346 km2 (2,836 sq mi)
Population
 (1916)
 • Total178,306
 • Density24/km2 (63/sq mi)
 • Urban
46.39%
 • Rural
53.61%

Demographics

Russian Imperial Census of 1897

According to the Russian Empire Census of 1897, the Black Sea Governorate had a population of 57,478, including 34,776 men and 22,702 women. The plurality of the population indicated Russian to be their mother tongue, with significant Ukrainian, Armenian, and Greek speaking minorities.[2]

Linguistic composition of the districts of the Black Sea Governorate in 1897[2]
Native language Novorossiysk Tuapse Sochi TOTAL
Number % Number % Number % Number %
Russian 19,292 55.27 2,782 30.74 2,561 18.94 24,635 42.86
Ukrainian 5,842 16.74 2,170 23.98 1,240 9.17 9,252 16.10
Armenian 739 2.12 1,689 18.66 3,857 28.53 6,285 10.93
Greek 3,502 10.03 375 4.14 2,092 15.47 5,969 10.38
Circassian 14 0.04 1,179 13.03 746 5.52 1,939 3.37
Czech 1,009 2.89 269 2.97 12 0.09 1,290 2.24
Jewish 966 2.77 11 0.12 13 0.10 990 1.72
Georgian 256 0.73 30 0.33 681 5.04 967 1.68
Romanian 166 0.48 144 1.59 613 4.53 923 1.61
Estonian 190 0.54 2 0.02 599 4.43 791 1.38
German 500 1.43 82 0.91 166 1.23 748 1.30
Polish 599 1.72 83 0.92 49 0.36 731 1.27
Belarusian 584 1.67 22 0.24 53 0.39 659 1.15
Turkish 238 0.68 80 0.88 332 2.46 650 1.13
Mingrelian 20 0.06 15 0.17 269 1.99 304 0.53
Tatar[lower-alpha 1] 260 0.74 3 0.03 28 0.21 291 0.51
Persian 99 0.28 52 0.57 59 0.44 210 0.37
Imeretian 71 0.20 35 0.39 52 0.38 158 0.27
Other 561 1.61 28 0.31 97 0.72 686 1.19
TOTAL 34,908 100.00 9,051 100.00 13,519 100.00 57,478 100.00
Religious composition of the Black Sea Governorate in 1897[3]
Faith Male Female Both
Number %
Eastern Orthodox 26,085 16,980 43,065 74.92
Armenian Apostolic 3,506 2,635 6,141 10.68
Muslim 2,072 1,031 3,103 5.40
Roman Catholic 1,485 944 2,429 4.23
Lutheran 835 580 1,415 2.46
Judaism 567 461 1,028 1.79
Old Believer 53 36 89 0.15
Armenian Catholic 58 24 82 0.14
Reformed 70 1 71 0.12
Karaite 18 6 24 0.04
Anglican 4 2 6 0.01
Mennonite 0 2 2 0.00
Baptist 1 0 1 0.00
Other Christian denomination 5 0 5 0.01
Other non-Christian denomination 17 0 17 0.03
TOTAL 34,776 22,702 57,478 100.00
Linguistic composition of urban settlements in the Black Sea Governorate in 1897[4]
Urban settlement Russian Ukrainian Greek TOTAL
Number % Number % Number %
Novorossiysk 10,860 64.27 2,177 12.88 931 5.51 16,897
Tuapse 827 59.41 116 8.33 189 13.58 1,392
Sochi 513 37.94 269 19.90 26 1.92 1,352
TOTAL 12,200 62.11 2,562 13.04 1,146 5.83 19,641

Caucasian Calendar of 1917

The 1917 Caucasian Calendar which produced statistics of 1916 indicates 178,306 residents in the Black Sea Governorate including 104,488 men and 73,818 women, 108,893 of whom were the permanent population, and 69,413 were temporary residents.[5]

Ethno-religious groups of the districts of the Black Sea Governorate in 1916[5]
Okrug (district) Russians Other Europeans Georgians Armenians North Caucasians Other Asian Nationalities Gypsies Jews TOTAL
Orthodox Sectarian Christian Shia Muslim Sunni Muslim
Novorossiysk 60,814 388 10,202 0 1,109 494 8 363 0 0 1,643 75,021
81.1% 0.5% 13.6% 0.0% 1.5% 0.7% 0.0% 0.5% 0.0% 0.0% 2.2% 100.0%
Sochi 31,755 68 9,327 6,086 14,111 754 0 680 54 12 73 62,920
50.5% 0.1% 14.8% 9.7% 22.4% 1.2% 0.0% 1.1% 0.1% 0.0% 0.1% 100.0%
Tuapse 26,896 0 1,824 0 2,839 2,856 5,331 528 14 0 77 40,365
66.6% 0.0% 4.5% 0.0% 7.0% 7.1% 13.2% 1.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.2% 100.0%
TOTAL 119,465 456 21,353 6,086 18,059 4,104 5,339 1,571 68 12 1,793 178,306
67.0% 0.3% 12.0% 3.4% 10.1% 2.3% 3.0% 0.9% 0.0% 0.0% 1.0% 100.0%

Notes
  1. Later known as Azerbaijani.

References
  1. Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона. Черноморская губерния. Том 4. 1907. (Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary, vol. 4. 1907.)
  2. "Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей". www.demoscope.ru. Retrieved 2022-02-26.
  3. "Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей". www.demoscope.ru. Retrieved 2022-03-04.
  4. "Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей". www.demoscope.ru. Retrieved 2022-03-04.
  5. Кавказский календарь .... на 1917 год (in Russian). Tiflis: Office of the Viceroy of the Caucasus. 1917. pp. 351–352.

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