List of political scandals in Canada

This is a list of major political scandals in Canada.

Further information: Political scandal and Politics of Canada

Federal
ScandalDescriptionAssociated GroupsYear
Pacific ScandalAllegations of bribes being taken by the government of Sir John A. Macdonald in exchange for the contract to build the Canadian Pacific Railway.[1] The affair forced Macdonald to resign as prime minister in November 1873. (Five years later, Macdonald served as prime minister for another 18 years.)[2]Conservative Party1873
King-Byng AffairScandal in the Department of Customs and Excise, leading to a constitutional crisis.Liberal Party1926
Beauharnois scandal Allegations of the Beauharnois Light, Heat and Power Co making substantial contributions to the Liberal Party in return for permission to divert the St. Lawrence River 30 kilometres west of Montréal to generate hydroelectricity.[3] Liberal Party 1930–32
Munsinger AffairCanada's first national political sex scandal.[4]Progressive Conservative Party1960s
The Fuddle duddle incidentPrime Minister Pierre Trudeau was accused of "using un-parliamentary language".Liberal Party1971
HarbourgateThe federal government hired a firm to dredge Hamilton Harbour. The subsequent investigation revealed that there were $300,000 in kickbacks to Ken Elliot, the Harbour Commissioner and $4M in unnecessary work. Elliot and his accountant were charged with fraud and served prison time. One of Trudeau's cabinet ministers (John Munro) tendered a resignation, but it was not accepted. He and others under investigation were ultimately exonerated.Liberal Party1974
Francis FoxNewly appointed Solicitor General, Francis Fox forged the signature of his mistress' husband in order to obtain an abortion. He was forced to step down but later resumed his political career.Liberal Party1978
TunagateTainted tuna.Progressive Conservative Party1985
Grant BristowCanadian Security Intelligence Service infiltration of Nationalist Party of Canada and covert founding of far-right groups.Heritage Front1990s
Airbus affairPrime Minister Brian Mulroney was implicated in a kickback scheme to purchase Airbus planes for Air Canada.[5]Progressive Conservative Party1995
APEC InquiryPolice conduct at the annual Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation summit in Vancouver.Royal Canadian Mounted Police1997
ShawinigateAn alleged conflict of interest lobbying effort by Prime Minister Jean Chrétien.Liberal Party1999
Sponsorship scandalMajor misuse and misdirection of funds disbursed through the Liberal government's 1990s sponsorship program. Investigated by the Gomery Commission.Liberal Party2004
The "Grewal tapes"Allegations that Liberal Party of Canada offered Gurmant Grewal a senate seat for his wife, Nina Grewal, a cabinet post for himself, and an apology from Joe Volpe if he defected to the Liberal PartyLiberal Party2005
In and Out scandalCircumvention of election finance rules by the Conservatives in the 2006 election campaign.Conservative Party2007
Couillard AffairForeign Minister Maxime Bernier resigned after leaving sensitive NATO documents in the home of Julie Couillard, an ex-girlfriend who used to have links to the Hells Angels.[6]Maxime Bernier2007
Canadian Afghan detainee issueParliament prorogued for the second time in a single parliament, claimed to stall an inquiry into the potential maltreatment of Afghanistan War detainees.Conservative Party2010
Robocall scandalAllegations of widespread voter fraud occurring during the 2011 Canadian federal election. Deceptive robotic and live calls were made to voters in multiple ridings, in contravention of Elections Canada rules.Conservative Party2012
ETS scandalAlleged wrongdoing by Canadian government officials in the award of a $400-million information technology services contract.Conservative Party2000s
F-35 scandalInvolved misleading costs of F-35 fighter jets to replace former CF-18s. Prime Minister Stephen Harper was found to be in contempt of parliament for refusing to share information on the procurement.Conservative Party2012
CFIA scandalControversy surrounding Canadian Food Inspection Agency being insufficient after budget cuts and the temporary closure of XL Foods, due to a widespread E-coli outbreak in Alberta.[7]Canadian Food Inspection Agency2012
Canadian Senate expenses scandalAn investigation concerning the expense claims of certain Canadian senators. Senators Mike Duffy, Mac Harb, Pamela Wallin, Patrick Brazeau and others claimed travel and housing expenses from the Senate for which they were not eligible.[8] Senate of Canada2012
2016 SNC Lavalin election donation On 30 April 2019, it surfaced that SNC Lavalin made illegal donations to the federal Liberal Party for a period of 5 years ending in 2009. The Liberals received the information in 2016 and did not make it public for 3 years. Employees made contributions totalling over $110,000 to the party which were later reimbursed by the company, actions which were prohibited. For this 1 executive was charged and a compliance agreement was signed with the company to not break the rules again in the future. By contrast former conservative MP Dean Del Mastro was charged with breaking election spending violations where he paid employees of his brother's company $21,000 for campaign contributions in the 2008 election. For this, he was charged, convicted, and sentenced to one month in prison in 2015.[9] Liberal Party 2019
Elbowgate On May 18, 2016, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau came into physical contact with two opposition Members of Parliament in the House of Commons during a parliamentary session on the final reading of Bill C-14. During the incident, Trudeau grabbed Conservative MP Gord Brown by the arm and then inadvertently elbowed New Democratic MP Ruth Ellen Brosseau in the chest. Trudeau subsequently apologized and was not subject to parliamentary sanctions for the incident.[10][11] Justin Trudeau 2016
Aga Khan Scandal Prime Minister Justin Trudeau was found to have broken multiple corruption laws for accepting a 2016 Christmas vacation on the Aga Khan's private island. The ruling made Trudeau the first Prime Minister in Canadian history to break federal ethics laws.[12][13][14] Justin Trudeau 2017
SNC-Lavalin affairConflict of Interest and Ethics Commissioner Mario Dion investigation into the allegation that the Prime Minister's Office interfered with the Justice Department's probe of Quebec construction giant SNC-Lavalin by pressuring former Attorney General Jody Wilson-Raybould to consider a deferred prosecution agreement.[15] Wilson-Raybould, who was then the Minister of Veterans Affairs, resigned from Justin Trudeau's cabinet, she was the Attorney General at the time of the alleged interference.[16][17] Gerald Butts, the Principal Secretary to Prime Minister Justin Trudeau categorically denied the accusation and resigned.[15] Jane Philpott, one of Justin Trudeau's most trusted ministers, resigned as President of the Treasury Board.[18] The Ethics Commissioner ruled in August 2019 that the Prime Minister’s team had breached ethics rules and that Trudeau and his officials had tried in 2018 to undermine a decision by federal prosecutors. Liberal Party2018
Blackface ScandalOn 18 September 2019, during the federal election, images were published in Time magazine of Prime Minister Justin Trudeau wearing brownface makeup from his time as a teacher at West Point Grey Academy.[19] A total of three images and one video surfaced of three different events when Trudeau wore racist makeup.[20] Trudeau has faced questions since about how his past actions reflect on his ability to lead the country on the issue of racism.[21][22] Justin Trudeau 2019
WE Charity controversy Prime Minister Justin Trudeau announced on 25 June 2020 that the government had chosen WE Charity to run the long-promised $912 million Canada Student Service Grant. The program would provide young people who volunteer on COVID-19 related matters over the summer and fall with up to $5,000. Following complaints by opposition parties that the Trudeau family had ties to WE Charity, the Ethics Commissioner on 3 July 2020 announced an investigation into Trudeau's and the government's decision to have the charity administer a summer, student-grant program which could assist students financially during the COVID-19 pandemic.[23] The committee found members of Trudeaus family and cabinet were inappropriately paid a significant amount by the WE charity for their volunteer support. Trudeau responded by saying WE was the only charity that had the capability to administer such a program. Because of the complaints, WE and the federal government decided to "part ways" leaving administration of the grant program to the federal government.[24] On 11 July 2020, the WE Charity announced that all but 15 of the 465 individuals hired to help administer the federal government’s student volunteer grant program were laid off and instructed not to talk about their former ties with the charity.[25][26] At a press conference on 13 July 2020, Trudeau apologized for not recusing himself from cabinet discussions of the program.[27] He also expressed regret that the escalating controversy would lead to delays in opportunities for students, and that members of his family were also receiving backlash, particularly his mother, Margaret Trudeau.[28] WE Charity also took out full-page ads in major Canadian newspapers intending to "set the record straight" about questions regarding their involvement with the program and the Trudeau family.[29] Ethics Commissioner Mario Dion's report on the involvement of Justin Trudeau, entitled The Trudeau III Report, confirmed Trudeau’s assertion that Canada’s civil service had recommended WE Charity to manage the Canada Student Service Grant program. The report exonerated Trudeau in the scandal, and Dion concluded "In light of the evidence gathered in this examination and for the reasons outlined above, I find that Mr. Trudeau did not contravene subsection 6(1), section 7 or section 21 of the Act." He noted that, “In my view, the creation and eventual ratification of the (Canada Student Services Grant) was not done improperly," noting, however, that in breaking the law, Morneau had "given WE preferential treatment by permitting his ministerial staff to disproportionately assist it when it sought federal funding.” Justin Trudeau 2020

Alberta

British Columbia

Manitoba
  • Legislature scandal (Conservatives), 1915 — the construction of the Manitoba Legislative Building came with allegations of materials being stolen and over-expenditure of public funds by the Manitoba Conservatives. The scandal led to a royal commission investigating the building’s construction, subsequently bring on the resignation of Premier Rodmond Roblin.[42][43]
  • Vote-rigging scandal (Conservatives), 1998 — Premier Gary Filmon and the Conservative Party of Manitoba were accused of attempting, during the 1995 Manitoba election, to siphon off votes from the NDP by paying independent Aboriginal candidates, Independent Native Voice, to run in areas with high numbers of Aboriginal voters. This story ultimately surfaced in 1998. Several of Filmon's staff were implicated, though Filmon himself was not.[44][45] Implicated in the scheme were: Taras Sokolyk, Filmon's chief of staff, who admitted to using $4,000 in party funds for it; Allan Aitken, a campaign manager who passed the money to 3 independent candidates; and Gordon McFarlane and Julian Benson, who helped cover up the plan.[45] Independent Native Voice was established in 1995, but ceased to exist after that year. Filmon resigned as Conservative leader in 2000.[44]

New Brunswick

Newfoundland and Labrador
  • A 1969 agreement by Premier Joey Smallwood locking Newfoundland into selling electricity from the power dam at Labrador’s Churchill Falls to Quebec until the year 2041—at a fixed rate that is now roughly one-tenth of the market price.[49][50]
  • Mount Cashel sex abuse scandal — Canada's largest sexual abuse scandal was disclosed in 1989, resulting in the closure of the facility in 1990.[51]
  • Davis Inlet, 1992/93 — In 1992, 6 unattended children, aged between 6 months and 9 years, died in a house fire while their parents were drinking at a Valentine's Day dance. In 1993, a video was released to the media of six children in Davis Inlet between the ages of 11 and 14 huffing gasoline in an unheated shack in winter and shouting that they wanted to die. Shamed by the negative publicity and international outcry surrounding the events in 1993, the Canadian government agreed to move the Innu to Natuashish.[52][53][54]
  • Cameron Inquiry — In May 2005, Eastern Health discovered errors in hormone receptor breast cancer test results from a histology lab in St. John's. After retesting, Eastern Health concluded that 386 patients had received erroneous results between 1997 and 2005.[55] The provincial government then called a judicial inquiry, between November 2007 and October 2008, into Eastern Health's actions.[56][57][58][59] A $17.5 million dollar settlement was reached in 2009.[60][61]
  • Humber Valley Paving scandal — Humber Valley Paving requests the termination of a $19M paving contract in Labrador. The request to cancel the contract is granted. HVP gets paid $12M for road preparations and paving, despite only completing 20 km out of the 80 km that was required. HVP have both their $9.5M performance bond and $9.5M labor/materials bond returned without any penalty. Transportation and Works Minister Nick McGrath resigns over the scandal.[62]
  • Muskrat Falls hydroelectric project cost overruns — The cost of the Muskrat Falls dam doubled to more than $12.7 billion since it was sanctioned in 2012. The provincial government called a public inquiry which took place between 2018 and 2020.[63] In the inquiry report Commissioner Richard LeBlanc concluded the government failed its duty to residents by predetermining that the megaproject would proceed no matter what. In his report, LeBlanc concluded that the business case, which assumed the Muskrat Falls project was the lowest-cost power option, was “questionable.” He stated that the project’s economics were not sufficiently tested and that Nalcor failed to consider all potentially viable power options. LeBlanc stated that Nalcor concealed information that could have undermined the business case for the project from the public and government.[64]
  • Carla Foote scandal, 2019 — On 5 December 2019, the House of Assembly voted to reprimand TCII Minister Chris Mitchelmore for his hiring of Carla Foote, daughter of Judy Foote, at The Rooms despite her lack of qualifications and her political connections to the Liberals. The House of Assembly ordered that Mitchelmore apologize to the Board of Directors of The Rooms, to the House of Assembly, and also be suspended two-week without pay.

Nova Scotia
  • Thornhill Affair — involved Roland Thornhill, who resigned as Deputy Premier in the 1990s after allegations dealing with a debt settlement from 1980 was brought into question.[65]
  • Billy Joe MacLean Affair (The BJM Affair) — MLA Billy Joe MacLean was expelled from the Assembly after Premier John Buchanan's Progressive Conservative government introduced legislation prohibiting anyone from sitting in the assembly who had been convicted of an indictable offence punishable by imprisonment for more than five years. MacLean pleaded guilty to four counts of submitting forged documents—went to the Supreme Court of Nova Scotia, which upheld Macleans expulsion, but declared the law that prohibited him from running as a candidate to be unconstitutional—MacLean was re-elected in a by-election in 1987. He was subsequently defeated in the 1988 general election by Danny Graham (Liberal).[66]
  • Buchanan patronage scandals, 1990 — Michael Zareski, a former Deputy Minister, testified against Premier John Buchanan's government in June 1990 of pervasive patronage within his government. One of the many scandals included an order of 200 special machines that dispensed disposable plastic toilet-seat covers that never ended up being used.[67]
  • Westray Mine — Dangerous practices by mining companies resulted in the death of 26 miners.[68]

Ontario
  • Ontario Bond Scandal (United Farmers of Ontario), early 1920s
  • Patti Starr scandal — illegal use of charitable funds in the late 1980s for political campaigns donations.[69][70]
  • Ipperwash Crisis — incident involving the shooting death of Dudley George, an unarmed Native activist, by an Ontario Provincial Police officer in 1995 which led to the Ipperwash Inquiry[71]
  • Kimberly Rogers — After a welfare fraud conviction, Rogers committed suicide in her Sudbury apartment while under house arrest in 2001, leading to extensive controversy around the Mike Harris government's 1996 welfare reforms, as well as an inquest which made several still-unimplemented recommendations for changes to the system.[72]
  • Toronto Computer Leasing Inquiry, 1999 — judicial inquiry into improper computer leasing contracts made by Toronto's municipal government
  • Walkerton water scandal, 2000[73][74]
  • Hells Angels in Toronto, 2002— Hells Angels come to Toronto and are welcomed by Mayor Mel Lastman.[75]
  • Toronto Police drug scandal, 2004 — multiple scandals broke out in early 2004, as a result of internal affairs and RCMP investigations. Allegations of the sale of narcotics, fake search warrants, raid tip-offs and mob gambling debts involved many dozens of Toronto police officers, including former chief William J. McCormack's son, Michael, who was eventually brought up on 23 charges. As a result of the scandal, the plainclothes downtown unit which many of the charged officers worked out of was disbanded. The court cases relating to these charges continue.
  • ORNGE scandal, 2011 — Ornge was involved in a controversy regarding executives compensation, including President and CEO Chris Mazza. Mazza went on an indefinite medical leave on 22 December 2011 at the height of the scandal. The Toronto Star uncovered that Mazza was receiving $1.4 million a year while remaining off the sunshine list of public employees earning over $100,000. That salary made him the highest publicly paid official in the province. Ontario Health Minister Deb Matthews stated that Mazza's salary was "outrageous, shocking and unacceptable". Ornge Global, Ornge's for-profit division, also received $6.7 million in a contract from Anglo-Italian helicopter manufacturer AgustaWestland, which is also part of the audit by the provincial auditor general. On 16 February 2012 Ornge formally became the subject of an Ontario Provincial Police investigation for "financial irregularities".[76]
  • Ontario power plant scandal — In 2011, plans to construct a gas-fired power plant in an environmentally sensitive area of Mississauga had some residents up in arms. After weeks of continual protest from concerned community activists in Mississauga and Oakville, the Ontario Liberals decided to cancel the gas plants. NDP MPPs claimed the decision was not motivated by environmental concerns but rather political ones.[77]
  • Rob Ford crack video scandal, 2013 May[78]
  • Rod Phillips secret vacation — Rod Phillips, the Finance Minister of Ontario, resigned after it came to light he had been on vacation in Saint Barthélemy when the province had been in lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic.[79][80]

Quebec

Saskatchewan

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