Brazilian cruzeiro (1990–1993)

The cruzeiro was the currency of Brazil between 1990 and 1993. It was the third iteration of a Brazilian currency named "cruzeiro", and replaced the cruzado novo at par. It was used until 1993, when it was replaced by the cruzeiro real at a rate of 1 cruzeiro real = 1000 cruzeiros.

Cruzeiro
A 500 thousand cruzeiros note portraying Mário de Andrade
ISO 4217
CodeBRE
Denominations
Subunit
1100centavo
Pluralcruzeiros
centavocentavos
SymbolCr$
Banknotes50, 100, 200, 500,
1,000, 5,000,
10,000, 50,000
100,000 and 500,000 cruzeiros
Coins1, 5, 10, 50,
100, 500,
1,000 and 5,000 cruzeiros
Demographics
Date of introduction16 March 1990
Source[1]
ReplacedCruzado novo
Date of withdrawal31 July 1993
Source[2]
Replaced byCruzeiro real
User(s)Brazil
This infobox shows the latest status before this currency was rendered obsolete.

Coins

The 1, 5, 10 and 50 centavo coins issued in 1989 for use with the previous currency continued in use after the introduction of the cruzeiro. In 1990, stainless-steel 1, 5, 10 and 50 cruzeiro coins were introduced, followed by smaller 100, 500, 1000 and 5000 cruzeiros in 1992.

Standard circulating coins of the Cruzeiro (1990–1993)
ReverseObverseValueMinting periodObverse description
Cr$1 1990Portrays a section of the rhombus from the flag of Brazil
Cr$5 1990–1992Portrays a salt evaporation pond worker
Cr$10Portrays a rubber tapper and a factory plant
Cr$50Portrays a woman selling goods in a street market
Cr$100 1992–1993Portrays a manatee, and its Portuguese name in the lettering "Peixe-boi"
Cr$500Portrays a sea turtle, and its Portuguese name in the lettering "Tartaruga Marinha"
Cr$1000Portrays angelfish, and their Portuguese name in the lettering "Acará"

The cruzeiro only had one circulating commemorative coin, celebrating the 200th anniversary of Tiradentes's death (1792–1992).

Circulating commemorative coins of the Cruzeiro (1990–1993)
ReverseObverseValueMinting periodDescription
Cr$5000 1992Portrays the bust of Tiradentes, and the lettering "Liberdade" (Liberty), "Cidadania" (Citizenship) and "Tiradentes"

Additionally, the cruzeiro also had two distinct non-circulating silver commemorative coins.

Non-circulating commemorative coins of the Cruzeiro (1990–1993)
ReverseObverseValueMinting periodDescription
(missing photo)(missing photo)Cr$500 1991Commemorates the 500th anniversary (1492–1992) of the discovery of the Americas by the Europeans
(missing photo)(missing photo)Cr$2000 1992Commemorates the UN Conference on Environment and Development, held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992

Banknotes

The first banknotes were overprints on cruzado novo notes, in denominations of 50, 100, 200 and 500 cruzeiros. In 1990, regular notes in values of 100, 200, 500, 1000 and 5000 cruzeiros were introduced, followed by 10,000 and 50,000 cruzeiros in 1991, 100,000 cruzeiros in 1992 and 500,000 cruzeiros in 1993. In 1992, the 50 and 100 cruzeiro banknotes were withdrawn and the higher denominations were withdrawn in 1994.

Brazilian cruzeiro
Preceded by:
Cruzado novo
Reason: currency renaming
Ratio: at par
Currency of Brazil
16 March 1990 31 July 1993
Succeeded by:
Cruzeiro real
Reason: inflation
Ratio: 1 cruzeiro real = 1000 cruzeiros

References

  1. "Medida Provisória Nº 168" (in Brazilian Portuguese). Câmara dos Deputados. 15 March 1990. Retrieved 5 July 2021.
  2. "Medida Provisória Nº 336" (in Brazilian Portuguese). Casa Civil. 28 July 1993. Retrieved 5 July 2021.

Bibliography

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