Boyz n the Hood

Boyz n the Hood is a 1991 American coming-of-age hood drama film written and directed by John Singleton in his feature directorial debut.[2] It stars Ice Cube, Cuba Gooding Jr., Morris Chestnut, Laurence Fishburne, Nia Long, Regina King, and Angela Bassett. Boyz n the Hood follows Tre Styles (Gooding Jr.), who is sent to live with his father Furious Styles (Fishburne) in South Central Los Angeles, surrounded by the neighborhood's booming gang culture. The film's title is a double entendre; a play on the term boyhood and a reference to the 1987 Eazy-E rap song of the same name, written by Ice Cube.

Boyz n the Hood
Theatrical release poster
Directed byJohn Singleton
Written byJohn Singleton
Produced bySteve Nicolaides
Starring
CinematographyCharles Mills
Edited byBruce Cannon
Music byStanley Clarke
Production
company
Columbia Pictures
Distributed byColumbia Pictures
Release dates
  • July 2, 1991 (1991-07-02) (Los Angeles)
  • July 12, 1991 (1991-07-12) (United States)
Running time
112 minutes
CountryUnited States
LanguageEnglish
Budget$6.5 million[1]
Box office$57.5 million (North America)[1]

Singleton initially developed the film as a requirement for application to film school in 1986 and sold the script to Columbia Pictures upon graduation in 1990. During writing, he drew inspiration from his own life and from the lives of people he knew and insisted he direct the project. Principal photography began in September 1990 and was filmed on location from October to November 1990. The film is notable for featuring breakout roles for Ice Cube, Cuba Gooding Jr., Morris Chestnut, and Nia Long.

Boyz n the Hood premiered in Los Angeles on July 2, 1991, and was theatrically released in the United States ten days later. The film became a critical and commercial success, praised for its emotional weight, acting, and writing. It grossed $57.5 million in North America, and was nominated for Best Director and Best Original Screenplay at the 64th Academy Awards, making Singleton the youngest person and the first African-American to be nominated for Best Director.

The film was screened in the Un Certain Regard section at the 1991 Cannes Film Festival.[3] In 2002, the United States Library of Congress deemed it "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" and selected it for preservation in the National Film Registry.[4][5]

Plot

1984

Ten-year-old Tre Styles lives with his mother Reva, in Inglewood, near Los Angeles International Airport. After Tre gets into an altercation at school, his teacher informs Reva that he has a volatile temper and lacks respect for authority, despite his high intelligence. Concerned about Tre's future and wanting him to mature, Reva sends him to live in Crenshaw with his father, Jason "Furious" Styles, from whom she hopes Tre will learn valuable life lessons. She assures Tre he will be permitted to return to her one day.

Tre soon reunites with his friends, Darrin "Doughboy" Baker, Doughboy's maternal half-brother Ricky, and Chris, their mutual friend. Furious immediately has Tre rake the leaves off the front lawn, emphasizing the benefits of hard work and responsibility. Chris sneers at Furious's offer to pay them for raking the leaves, implying he makes more participating in criminal activity. That night, a burglar enters the house and Tre hears his father shooting as he flees. They wait for the police, and two officers arrive an hour later; the white officer is civil and professional, while the black officer is hostile and displays a contempt of other Black men.

The next day, Tre, Ricky, Doughboy and Chris venture to a nearby neighborhood where Chris knows the location of a dead human body. While the quartet is there, a group of adolescents confront them about the discovery of the body. One of the adolescents tricks Ricky into throwing him his football. Doughboy tries to retrieve it but is beaten and kicked by the ball thief. While the older boys walk away, one of them gives Ricky his ball back. Later in the day, Furious goes fishing with Tre, telling him of his military experience in the Vietnam War. He advises Tre never to join the Army, arguing that a black man has no place in it. As Tre and Furious return home, they see Doughboy and Chris being arrested for shoplifting as Brenda, Ricky and Doughboy's mother look on from her front porch.

1991

Seven years later at a BBQ party, Doughboy, now a Crips[6] gang member, is celebrating his recent release from jail with his friends, including Chris, who is now paralyzed and uses a wheelchair as a result of a gunshot wound, and new friends and fellow Crip members Dooky and Monster. Ricky, now a star running back for Crenshaw High School, lives with Brenda, his girlfriend Shanice, and their infant son. Tre has grown into a mature and responsible teenager and aspires to attend college with his girlfriend, Brandi. Their relationship is strained over Tre's desire to have sex, while Brandi, a devout Catholic, wishes to wait until after marriage.

Ricky hopes to win a scholarship from the University of Southern California. During a visit from a recruiter, Ricky learns that he must score at least a 700 on the SATs in order to qualify. Tre and Ricky take the test together, and they visit Furious at work. Furious takes them to Compton to talk about the dangers of decreasing property values in the black community.

That night, during a local street racing gathering, Ricky has a confrontation with Ferris, a high-ranking Crenshaw Mafia Bloods member. This soon escalates into an argument which causes Doughboy to brandish his gun, warding off the Bloods. Moments later, Ferris fires his own gun into the air, causing everyone to panic and flee. Tre leaves with Ricky and states his desire to leave Los Angeles, but they are soon pulled over by the police. The officer turns out to be the same one who responded to the burglary call made by Furious seven years back, and he intimidates and threatens Tre. Tre visits Brandi's house and breaks down; after she consoles him, they have sex for the first time.

The next day, after getting into an argument about Brenda, Doughboy and Ricky get into a fight. While Tre and Ricky walk to a nearby store, they see Ferris and the Crenshaw Mafia Bloods driving around the neighborhood, and in an attempt to avoid them, the two cut through the back alleys and split up while at the same time Doughboy went to grab his gun, sensing them in trouble. As Tre turns his back to Ricky, Ferris's car cuts off Ricky's path, and one of Ferris's men shoots Ricky in the leg and back with a shotgun, killing him instantly.

Doughboy, Dooky, Monster and Chris all rush over to the scene but catch up with Tre too late, who is mourning his friend's brutal demise. The five boys carry Ricky's dead body back home. When Brenda and Shanice see Ricky's corpse, they tearfully break down and, thinking that he killed Ricky, blame Doughboy, who unsuccessfully tries to comfort them and explain himself. Later that night, a distraught Brenda reads Ricky's SAT results, discovering he scored a 710, more than enough to qualify for the scholarship.

The remaining boys vow vengeance on Ricky's assailants; Furious finds Tre preparing to take his gun, but convinces him to abandon his plans for revenge. Shortly after, Tre sneaks out to join Doughboy, Dooky and Monster, to Brandi and Furious's dismay. That night, as the four search for Ricky's killers, Tre, realizing Furious is right, asks to be let out of Doughboy's car and returns home. When Tre arrives at home, Furious confronts him, and the two depart to their bedrooms silently.

Meanwhile, Doughboy, Dooky and Monster continue to search for the three assailants and eventually find them eating at a fast food restaurant and prepare a drive-by shooting. The Crenshaw Mafia Bloods spot the car and attempt to flee, but Monster manages to shoot all three of them, killing one, and wounding Ricky's killer and Ferris. The vengeful Doughboy exits the car, shoots and kills Ricky's killer, and confronts Ferris. Ferris denies "pulling the trigger" and insults Doughboy, who promptly executes him in response, avenging his late brother.

The next morning, Doughboy visits Tre and understands his reasons for exiting the car. Doughboy knows that he will eventually face retaliation for the murder he committed the previous evening and accepts the consequences of his crime-ridden lifestyle. He plaintively questions why America does not care about the plight of those in the ghetto, and sorrowfully notes he has no family left after Ricky's death and Brenda's disowning of him. Tre embraces him and tells Doughboy he still has one brother left.

The epilogue reveals that Ricky was buried the next day, and that Doughboy was murdered two weeks later. Tre and Brandi later go on to attend Morehouse and Spelman colleges respectively.

Cast

Production

Singleton wrote the film based on his own life and that of people he knew.[8] When applying for film school, one of the questions on the application form was to describe "three ideas for films". One of the ideas Singleton composed was titled Summer of 84, which later evolved into Boyz n the Hood.[8] During writing, Singleton was influenced by the 1986 film Stand by Me, which inspired both an early scene where four young boys take a trip to see a dead body and the closing fade-out of main character Doughboy.[8]

Upon completion, Singleton was protective of his script, insisting that he be the one to direct the project, later explaining at a retrospective screening of the film "I wasn't going to have somebody from Idaho or Encino direct this movie."[2] He sold the script to Columbia Pictures in 1990, who greenlit the film immediately out of interest in making a film similar to the comedy-drama film Do the Right Thing (1989).

The role of Doughboy was specifically written for Ice Cube, whom Singleton met while working as an intern at The Arsenio Hall Show.[8] Singleton also noted the studio was unaware of Ice Cube's standing as a member of rap group N.W.A.[8] Singleton claims Gooding and Chestnut were cast because they were the first ones who showed up to auditions,[8] while Fishburne was cast after Singleton met him on the set of Pee-wee's Playhouse, where Singleton worked as a production assistant and security guard.[9]

Long grew up in the area the film depicts and has said, “It was important as a young actor to me that this feels real because I knew what it was like go home from school and hear gunshots at night.” Bassett referred to the filmmaker as her “little brother” on set. “I'd been in LA for about three years and I was trying, trying, trying to do films,” she said. “We talked, I auditioned and he gave me a shot. I’ve been waiting to work with him ever since.”[2]

The film was shot in sequence, with Singleton later noting that, as the film goes on, the camera work gets better as Singleton was finding his foothold as a director.[2] He has a cameo in the film, appearing as a postman handing over mail to Brenda as Doughboy and Ricky are having a scuffle in the front yard.

Reception and legacy

Critical response

Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gives the film an approval rating of 96% based on 70 reviews and an average score of 8.4/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Well-acted and thematically rich, Boyz N the Hood observes urban America with far more depth and compassion than many of the like-minded films its success inspired."[10] At Metacritic, the film received an average score of 76 out of 100 based on 20 reviews, which indicates "generally favorable reviews".[11]

Cultural impact

Boyz n the Hood kickstarted the acting careers of Gooding, Chestnut, and Long, who were relatively unknown before it. It also launched Ice Cube's career as a Hollywood actor and was Angela Bassett's and Regina King's first significant film role.[2]

The film has been referenced many times in other works, including works by Lupe Fiasco, Game, and Ice Cube himself. In 1994, British jungle DJ duo Remarc and Lewi produced a song titled "Ricky". The song itself is built up of various sound bites from the movie, particularly the scene where Ricky is murdered. Ice Cube also references the film in the song "Check Yo Self", stating "I make dough but don't call me Dough Boy / This ain't no fucking motion picture". In the 2008 movie Be Kind Rewind, there is a small reference to the scene where Ricky is shot.

On the July 12, 2011, episode of her self-titled talk show, Mo'Nique celebrated the 20th anniversary of the release of Boyz n the Hood with the director John Singleton, Cuba Gooding Jr., Yo-Yo, and Regina King. American rapper Vince Staples references the scene where Ricky gets shot in the back in the song "Norf Norf", informing the listener of the film's impact on his upbringing.

In 2016, 21 Savage referenced Ricky's murder in the song "No Heart", stating "21 Savage not Boyz N The Hood but I pull up on you / Shoot yo' ass in the back". He also referenced Ricky's murder in the song "Slidin" (Savage Mode II, 2020), stating "He was talking crazy, he got blick / Savage keep a token, John Wick / Shoot him in the back like he Rick (Ricky) / Playing freeze tag, n***** it (Sticky)".

Accolades

Award Category Recipient Result
Academy Awards[12] Best Director John Singleton Nominated
Best Screenplay – Written Directly for the Screen Nominated
Awards Circuit Community Awards Best Motion Picture Steve Nicolaides Nominated
Best Director John Singleton Nominated
Best Actor in a Supporting Role Laurence Fishburne Nominated
Best Actress in a Supporting Role Angela Bassett Nominated
Best Original Screenplay John Singleton Nominated
Best Cast Ensemble Jaki Brown Nominated
Best Film Editing Bruce Cannon Nominated
BMI Film & TV Awards Film Music Award Stanley Clarke Won
Chicago Film Critics Association Awards[13] Best Film Nominated
Best Director John Singleton Nominated
Best Supporting Actor Ice Cube Nominated
Laurence Fishburne Nominated
Best Screenplay John Singleton Nominated
Most Promising Actor Ice Cube Won
Cuba Gooding Jr. Nominated
Dallas–Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards Best Film Nominated
Best Director John Singleton Nominated
Kids' Choice Awards Favorite Movie Nominated
Favorite Movie Actor Ice Cube Nominated
Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards[14] New Generation Award John Singleton Won
MTV Movie Awards Best Movie Nominated
Best New Filmmaker John Singleton Won
NAACP Image Awards Outstanding Motion Picture Won
National Board of Review Awards[15] Top Ten Films 7th Place
National Film Preservation Board National Film Registry Inducted
New York Film Critics Circle Awards[16] Best New Director John Singleton Won
Online Film & Television Association Awards[17] Hall of Fame – Motion Picture Won
Political Film Society Awards Exposé Nominated
Human Rights Won
Peace Won
Stockholm International Film Festival Bronze Horse John Singleton Nominated
Writers Guild of America Awards[18] Best Screenplay – Written Directly for the Screen Nominated
Young Artist Awards[19] Outstanding Young Ensemble Cast in a Motion Picture Desi Arnez Hines II, Baha Jackson and Donovan McCrary Won

In 2007, Boyz n the Hood was selected as one of the 50 Films To See in your lifetime by Channel 4.

American Film Institute Lists

Australian alternative rock band TISM released a live VHS called Boyz n the Hoods in 1992, whose cover artwork is presented as a parody of the film's original VHS box, albeit with a fake disclaimer printed on the cover stating that due to a manufacturing error, the non-existent film was replaced with TISM's concert.

Characters and scenes from Boyz n the Hood are parodied in the 1996 American crime comedy parody film, Don't Be a Menace to South Central While Drinking Your Juice in the Hood.

In the 2015 American comedy film Get Hard, Kevin Hart's character is asked to talk about the reason for his fabricated incarceration years earlier. Fumbling for a story, he describes the final scene of Boyz n the Hood, passing it off as his own experience to Will Ferrell's character.

Soundtrack

Year Album Peak chart positions Certifications
U.S. U.S. R&B
1991 Boyz n the Hood 12 1

See also

References

  1. "Boyz N the Hood". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved January 19, 2015.
  2. Smith, Nigel M (June 13, 2016). "John Singleton reflects on Boyz N the Hood: 'I didn't know anything'". The Guardian. Retrieved April 4, 2017.
  3. "Boyz n the Hood". Cannes Film Festival. Retrieved August 9, 2009.
  4. "Complete National Film Registry Listing". National Film Preservation Board. Retrieved July 17, 2009.
  5. "Librarian of Congress Adds 25 Films to National Film Registry". Library of Congress. Retrieved 2020-09-18.
  6. Dalton, Andrew (April 30, 2019). "John Singleton found a perfect marriage of movie and moment". Associated Press. Retrieved 15 September 2020.
  7. "'Boyz n the Hood' Dirty Cop Actor Jessie Lawrence Ferguson Dead at 76". TMZ. April 27, 2019. Retrieved April 29, 2019.
  8. Jones, Will (November 1, 2016). "Talking 'Boyz N the Hood' with Its Director John Singleton". Vice UK. Retrieved April 4, 2017.
  9. "John Singleton Interview Part 1 of 3 - TelevisionAcademy.com/Interviews". Academy of Television Arts & Sciences Foundation. 24 September 2016. Retrieved 6 May 2019.
  10. "Boyz n the Hood (1991)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved May 10, 2021.
  11. "Boyz n the Hood Reviews". Metacritic. Retrieved September 11, 2011.
  12. "The 64th Academy Awards (1992) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Archived from the original on July 6, 2011. Retrieved October 22, 2011.
  13. "1988-2013 Award Winner Archives". Chicago Film Critics Association. Retrieved August 24, 2021.
  14. "The Annual 17th Los Angeles Film Critics Association Awards". Los Angeles Film Critics Association. Retrieved August 24, 2021.
  15. "1991 Award Winners". National Board of Review. Retrieved July 5, 2021.
  16. "1991 New York Film Critics Circle Awards". Mubi. Retrieved July 5, 2021.
  17. "Film Hall of Fame Productions". Online Film & Television Association. Retrieved May 15, 2021.
  18. "Awards Winners". wga.org. Writers Guild of America. Archived from the original on 2012-12-05. Retrieved 2010-06-06.
  19. "Thirteenth Annual Youth in Film Awards: 1990–1991". Young Artist Awards. Archived from the original on April 3, 2011. Retrieved October 6, 2010.
  20. "RIAA Gold & Platinum Searchable Database - Tony! Toni! Tone!". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved June 17, 2011.
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