United States military beret flash

In the United States (US) Department of Defense, a beret flash is a shield-shaped embroidered cloth that is 2.25 in (5.72 cm) tall and 1.875 in (4.76 cm) wide with a semi–circular base that is attached to a stiffener backing of a military beret.[1][2][3] These flashes—a British word for colorful cloth patches attached to military berets—are worn over the left eye with the excess cloth of the beret shaped, folded, and pulled over the right ear giving it a distinctive appearance.[1][2][4] The embroidered designs of the Army's beret flashes represent the heraldic colors and patterns of a unit with a unique mission or represent the Army overall.[5] The Air Force's beret flashes represent their Air Force Specialty Code (AFSC) or their assignment to a unit with a unique mission.[4] Joint beret flashes—such as those worn by the Joint Communications Support Element (JCSE) and the Multinational Force and Observers—are worn by all who are assigned, given their uniform regulations allow.[6][7]

Wear of beret flashes in the US military
US Army Special Forces NCOs wearing rifle–green berets with various organizational beret flashes representing different special forces groups under the 1st Special Forces Command, how's DUI is affixed
A US Army officer wearing tan beret with the 75th Ranger Regiment Beret Flash bearing lieutenant colonel rank insignia
A US Air Force officer wearing black beret with TACP Beret Flash and Crest along with miniature captain rank insignia
A US Air Force NCO and officer wearing brown berets and Combat Aviation Advisor Beret Flash with the officer affixing his rank insignia (major) to its center
A US Air Force officer and US Army NCO wearing maroon berets with JCSE Beret Flash, the officer affixing his colonel rank insignia and the NCO her JCSE DUI
A Canadian Army officer and a US Army NCO wearing orange berets with Multinational Force and Observers Beret Flash, one metal (left) and one embroidered (right)

With some exceptions, Army soldiers and Non–Commissioned Officers (NCOs) affix their Distinctive Unit Insignia (DUI) to the center of their beret flash.[1] Army warrant officers and commissioned officers affix their polished metal rank insignia to the center of their beret flash while chaplains affix their polished metal branch insignia.[1] Air Force commissioned officers in the security forces or assigned to a combat aviation advisor squadron wear their beret flash in the same manner as the Army while Tactical Air Control Party (TACP) officers attach a miniature version of their polished metal rank insignia below the TACP Crest on the TACP Beret Flash.[4][8] Air Force airman and NCOs only wear their beret flash or beret flash with crest.[4][8]

The design of all Department of Defense beret flashes are created and/or approved by The Institute of Heraldry, Department of the Army.[9] If authorized, the institute will conduct research into a requesting unit's heraldry, as well as design suggestions from the unit, in the creation of a new unit–specific beret flash.[10][11] Leveraging geometrical divisions, shapes, and colors, a heraldic artist will create a design that will represent the history and mission of the requesting unit.[10][11] Once the unit agrees upon a design, the institute will create manufacturing instructions and monitor their creation by companies authorized to produce the beret flash.[11][12][13]

Department of Defense beret flash history

US Army

509th Parachute Infantry Battalion's WWII beret flash

Throughout its history, Army units have adopted different headgear and headgear devices—such as various color accoutrements and insignias—to identify specific units, the unique mission of a unit, and/or the unique roles of soldiers.[3][14][15] According to some historians, the first US military use of a beret flash was created and worn by the 509th Parachute Infantry Battalion.[2][16][17] The 509th trained with the British 1st Airborne Division during World War II (WWII) and was made honorary members of the British airborne forces in 1943, entitling them to wear the maroon beret worn by British paratroopers.[17][18] Some 509th paratroopers had a small hand–embroidered version of their regiment's gold and black pocket–patch created for use as their beret flash on their honorary maroon berets.[2][16][17][19] The design of the 509th's pocket–patch depicts a stylized figure of a paratrooper standing at the exit–door of an aircraft wearing a reserve parachute with an artistic rendering of the number "509" surrounding the paratrooper's head and the word "GERONIMO" displayed at the base of the door.[2][16][17][19]

11th Special Forces Group Beret Flash—note design similarities with the unit's recognition bar
11th Special Forces Group Recognition Bar
A medical corps paratrooper with the 11th Special Forces Group wearing rifle-green beret with 1st Special Forces DUI above his unit's recognition bar, c.1967[20]

The official start of the Army's beret flashes began in 1961 with Department of the Army Message 578636 authorizing the establishment of organizational beret flashes for wear on the special forces' rifle–green beret.[2][21] In this message, the beret flash is described as shield–shaped with a semi–circular base made of felt 2 in (51 mm) tall and 1.625 in (41 mm) wide using solid colors to represent each of the special forces groups of the era.[2][21] The message also described who was authorized to wear the organizational beret flash stating that only special operations qualified paratroopers would be permitted to wear their special forces unit's organizational beret flash.[21] Each of these special forces group beret flashes were to be worn centered over the left eye with either the 1st Special Forces—later designated 1st Special Forces Command—DUI, polished metal officer rank insignia, or chaplain branch insignia centered on the flash.[3][21] Later, non–qualified soldiers assigned to a special forces unit wore a cloth rectangular beret flash, known as a recognition bar, 1.875 in (4.76 cm) long and 0.5 in (1.27 cm) wide color and pattern matched to their group's organizational beret flash below their 1st Special Force DUI, polished metal officer rank insignia, or chaplain branch insignia on the rifle–green beret.[3][22][23]

1st Battalion, 508th Infantry Regiment cloth insignias
Airborne background trimming—worn behind the Parachutist or Air Assault Badge of designated air-insertion units[1]
Organizational beret flash
Note the design similarities between the airborne background trimming and organizational beret flash
A color guard from the 82nd Airborne Division, 3rd Brigade, 1st Battalion, 508th Infantry stand in review wearing maroon berets with their new Battalion specific organizational beret flash with there regiment's DUI affixed, 1975[24]

Various beret accouterments began to appear in the 1960s and 1970s, particularly between 1973 and 1979 when the Department of the Army had its morale–enhancing order in effect and different colored berets began to be worn by numerous units and branches of the Army.[25][26][27][28] Historical photographs from the 1960s through the 1970s show soldiers assigned to reconnaissance, ranger, and armor units informally wearing black berets with reconnaissance and ranger units affixing a wide variety of custom beret flashes that were worn over the left eye (see Example 1).[28] In 1975, the Army formally authorized its ranger units to wear the black beret.[29] If earned, some of these ranger units had their rangers affix their Ranger Tab to the top edge of their organizational beret flash along with the 75th Ranger Regiment DUI or polished metal officer rank insignia affixed to its center and worn over the left eye (see Example 2).[28][29] Wearing of the black beret by armor units expanded in the 1970s with some adopting organizational beret flashes.[26][27][28] For example, armored cavalry regiments stationed in West Germany began wearing black berets in the 1970s with a maroon and white oval as their beret flash.[26][27][28] The oval beret flash was worn vertically on the black beret behind their DUI to the left of their metal rank insignia or chaplain branch insignia and positioned over the left temple (see Example 3).[26][27][28][30] Another example is the 1st Cavalry Division's use of various colored berets representing the different skills of the division that started in 1971 with the Army's "Triple Capability (TRICAP)" experiment: black for armor, light–blue for infantry, red for artillery, and kelly–green for support.[28][31][32] The division eventually settled on the use of black berets for all 1st Cavalry soldiers.[28][31] As they became available, 1st Cavalry soldiers would affix a battalion or squadron specific organizational beret flash of various shapes, colors, and materials to their beret.[2][28] Historical photographs show many 1st Cavalry soldiers wearing black berets in the same manner as US armored cavalry soldiers in West Germany.[28][30] The use of black berets extended to training units as well, such as the US Army Training and Doctrine Command and its armor school.[26][27][28] Historical photographs of the era show plastic triangles being worn on patrol caps and black berets of Army Armor School cadre and were worn centered over the left eye with either their DUI or polished metal officer rank insignia affixed, just as beret flashes are worn today (see Example 4).[28] In 1973, Army leaders authorized the wear of the maroon beret by airborne forces.[25][28] Within a year or so, paratroopers of the 82nd Airborne Division began incorporating organizational beret flashes onto their maroon berets pattered after their unit's airborne background trimming.[1][24][33] These organizational beret flashes representing various 82nd Airborne units were and are worn in the same manner as they are today.[1][24][33] Similarly, in 1974 Army leaders authorized the 101st Airborne Division at Fort Campbell to wear the dark–blue beret when it was reorganized into an air assault division.[14][26][28][34][35][36] Army articles and historical photographs of 101st soldiers show them wearing organizational beret flashes patterned after their unit's airborne background trimming and worn in the same manner as beret flashes are today.[1][14][28][34][36] Between 1976 and 1977, 101st soldiers would add their Airmobile Badge—renamed Air Assault Badge in 1978—to their berets and wore them to the left of their beret flash (see Example 5).[14][28][36][37] Other Fort Campbell units of the era also wore the dark–blue beret as well as red for headquarters command and light-green for military police, all with traditional organizational beret flashes that were worn in the same manner as they are today.[26][28] Also during the 1970s, arctic–qualified soldiers of the 172nd Infantry Brigade began to wear locally authorized olive–drab berets with traditional organizational beret flashes that were unique to each battalion, and were worn in the same manner as beret flashes are today (see Example 6).[1][27][28][38] By 1979, the Army put a stop to the use of berets by conventional forces, leaving only special forces and ranger units the authority to wear berets.[26][27][28]

Example 1
2nd Battalion, 8th Cavalry, Recon. Platoon Beret Flash
An infantryman with 1st Cavalry Division, 1st Brigade, 2nd Battalion, 8th Cavalry, Reconnaissance Platoon wearing black beret with platoon beret flash, 1970[28]
Example 2
Ranger Department Beret Flash
An infantry NCO with the US Army Infantry School wearing black beret with Ranger Department Beret Flash and 75th Ranger Regiment DUI below his Ranger Tab, c.1975[39]
Example 3
Armored Cavalry Oval Beret Flash
An artillery NCO with the 11th Armored Cavalry Reg. wearing black beret with sergeant rank insignia next to an Armored Cavalry Oval with DUI affixed, c.1970s[28]
Example 4
US Army Armor School Instructor Flash (made of plastic)
An officer assigned to the US Army Armor School wearing black beret with Armor School Instructor Flash and captain rank insignia affixed, 1976[28]
Example 5
326th Engineer Battalion Background Trimming—note the design similarities with the battalion's beret flash (right)
326th Engineer Battalion Beret Flash
An engineer officer with 101st Airborne Division wearing dark–blue beret with 326th Engineer Battalion Beret Flash, lieutenant colonel rank insignia, and Airmobile Badge affixed, 1977[28]
Example 6
1st Battalion, 60th Infantry Beret Flash
An infantryman with 172nd Infantry Brigade wearing olive–drab beret with 1st Battalion, 60th Infantry Beret Flash and DUI, c.1970s[28][38]
Two officers, one wearing a maroon beret and the other a rifle-green beret, with 7th Special Forces Group Beret Flash and rank insignia (major) affixed—the officer wearing the green beret is special forces qualified, as indicated by his Special Forces Tab and beret—2017[1][40]

In 1980, the Army reversed part of its decision allowing airborne units to wear maroon berets, ranger units black berets—which switched to tan berets in 2001[27]—and special forces units rifle–green berets.[26][27][41] The Army's 1981 uniform regulation describes the wear of these newly approved berets with the only authorized accoutrements being officer rank insignias, chaplain branch insignias, DUIs, organizational beret flashes, and recognition bars.[3][42] The organizational beret flash did not become the norm until 1984 when the recognition bar was discontinued after the Special Forces Tab became authorized for wear by special forces qualified paratroopers.[22] Today, all soldiers assigned to a special forces unit wear their unit's organizational beret flash on either the rifle–green beret for special forces qualified paratroopers or maroon beret for support paratroopers.[1][40]

Signal Corps NCOs wearing maroon and black berets with 55th Signal Company Beret Flash—only those assigned to the company's Airborne Combat Camera Documentation Team are authorized to wear the maroon beret—2012[1][43]

In 2000, General Eric Shinseki, Chief of Staff of the Army, decided to make the black beret the standard headgear of the Army.[1][9][27] General Shinseki also decided that a new Department of the Army Beret Flash be worn on the black beret.[9][27][44] According to The Institute of Heraldry, the Department of the Army Beret Flash is designed to resemble the flag of the Commander–in–Chief of the Continental Army at the time of its victory at Yorktown in 1781 (see Example 1).[1][27][45] According to Department of the Army Pamphlet 670–1, the Department of the Army Beret Flash is to be worn by all units "unless authorization for another flash was granted before implementing the black beret as a standard Army headgear".[1][43] Army units can request an organizational beret flash for their formation from The Institute of Heraldry given it is not for wear on the black beret.[1][10][46] A good example of this is The Institute of Heraldry's 2018 authorization of organizational beret flashes for the Security Force Assistance Command and its brigades—known as an SFAB (pronounced ESS-fab)—for wear on their brown berets (see Example 2).[1][47][48][49][50][51][52][53] In the 21st century, Army organizational beret flashes are worn to signify a specific formation of a specialized unit, such as an active airborne, ranger, special forces, or combat advisor unit.[1][5][15][25] However, there is a unique beret flash worn by special forces soldiers on their rifle–green beret when assigned to a unit not authorized an organizational beret flash (see Example 3).[1]

Example 1
Department of the Army Beret Flash
A soldier from 2nd Infantry Division, 1st Brigade Combat Team, 1st Battalion, 23rd Infantry Regiment wearing black beret with Department of the Army Beret Flash and unit DUI affixed at Army Beret donning ceremony, c.2001[54][55]
Example 2
1st SFAB Beret Flash
A soldier from 1st SFAB wearing brown beret with unit beret flash and DUI affixed, 2018[56]—it is noteworthy to recognize that the 1st SFAB Beret Flash is the first organizational beret flash authorized for a non–airborne unit in the modern Army[10][48]
Example 3
Beret flash for special forces personal assigned to non–special forces units
A special forces qualified officer wearing rifle–green beret with beret flash for special forces personnel not assigned to special forces units with rank insignia (general) affixed, 2019[57]

US Air Force

Commando Weatherman Flash
5th Weather Squadron insignias
The 5th Weather Squadron Emblem (left) and Beret Flash (right)—note the alchemical symbol for water with representative colors green (Earth), blue (air), and red (fire)[58]

In the mid 1960s, Air Force commando weathermen,[59] formally known as weather parachutists, with Detachment 26 of the 30th Weather Squadron and Detachment 32 of the 5th Weather Squadron informally wore black berets.[58] A black cloth rectangle with a yellow embroidered anemometer surmounted by a fleur–de–lis with the words “Combat Weather” split by the anemometer was used as their beret flash.[58] From 1970 through the 1980s, weather parachutists with the 5th Weather Squadron wore maroon berets with an Army style beret flash that incorporated the squadron's design and colors from their emblem's alchemical symbol for water and affixed their Parachutist Badge to the flash.[10][58] In 1979, weather parachutists, now called Special Operations Weather Teams (SOWTs), were authorized to wear navy–blue berets with an Army style beret flash consisting of a blue and black field surrounded by yellow piping.[10][58] Enlisted and NCOs affixed their Parachutist Badge to the flash while officers affixed their polished metal rank insignia.[58] In 1986, the gray beret was authorized for wear by all SOWTs who continued to wear the aforementioned cloth beret flash until a new large color metallic SOWT Crest was authorized.[58] In 1992, the Air Force approved the return of the SOWT's blue, black, and yellow beret flash from the 1970s and affixed their large color metallic SOWT Crest to it.[58] In 1996, the SOWTs assigned to Air Force Special Operations Command (AFSOC) wore a new Army style beret flash while those assigned to Air Combat Command, known as Combat Weather Teams, continued to wear the blue, black and yellow beret flash.[10][58][60] The AFSOC SOWT Beret Flash consisted of a red border representing the blood shed by their predecessors, a black background representing special operations, and three diagonal lines of various colors representing the services they supported (green=Army, purple=joint forces, and blue=Air Force).[58] Enlisted and NCOs affixed their Parachutist Badge to the AFSOC SOWT Beret Flash while officers affixed their polished metal rank insignia until 2002 when the Combat Weather Team Crest was created.[58] The Combat Weather Team Crest was affixed to both SOWT and Combat Weather Team beret flashes by enlisted and NCOs while officers continued to affix their polished metal rank insignia.[58][61][62] In 2007/2008, the AFSOC SOWT Beret Flash stopped being worn and in 2009—when the Special Operations Weather AFSC was established—a new large polished metallic Special Operations Weather Crest was approved for wear by all SOWTs and Combat Weather Teams.[4][58][61][63][64]

Combat Weather Team example
Combat Weather Team Beret Flash
A weather parachutist NCO with the 82nd Airborne Division wearing gray beret with Combat Weather Team Beret Flash and Combat Weather Team Crest, 2007[65]
AFSOC SOWT example
AFSOC SOWT Beret Flash
A weather parachutist with AFSOC's 107th Weather Flight wearing gray beret with AFSOC SOWT Beret Flash and Combat Weather Team Crest, 2008[61]

In 1966/67, the newly formed 1041st Security Police Squadron was authorized to wear a dark–blue beret with a unique organizational beret flash.[66][67][68] The 1041st's beret flash had a depiction of a falcon carrying a pair of lightning bolts on a somewhat pointed oval-shaped light-blue patch that was worn over the left temple.[66][67][68] In 1976, the Air Force approved the navy-blue beret, worn by the Strategic Air Command Elite Guard and Air Force Combat Control Teams, as the official uniform item for all Air Force police and security forces.[66][69] In 1997, the Air Force stood up the security forces AFSC and honored the heraldry of the 1041st Security Police Squadron by creating a new organizational beret flash for all security forces airman and NCOs that depict the 1041st's falcon over an airfield with the motto "Defensor Fortis" (defenders of the force) embroidered on a scroll at its base.[4][66] Security forces officers wear the same basic beret flash minus the embroidered falcon and airfield and in its place affix their polished metal rank insignia.[4]

1041st Security Police Squadron example
1041st Security Police Squadron Beret Flash
A security policeman with the 1041st Security Police Squadron wearing their distinctive dark–blue beret and beret flash, c.1967[67]
Security Forces example
Security Forces Beret Flash
A security forces airman with the 55th Security Forces Squadron wearing navy–blue beret with Security Forces Beret Flash, 1998[70]

In 1979, TACP airman and NCOs were given authorization to wear the black beret. In 1984, two TACP's submitted a design for a unique beret flash and crest for wear on their berets which the Air Force approved one year later.[26] The TACP Beret Flash consists of a scarlet border that represent the firepower TACP's bring to bear with two dovetailed fields of blue and green representing the close working relationship between the Air Force and the Army that is enabled by the TACP.[71] TACP officers also wear the TACP Beret Flash and Crest but with miniature polished metal rank insignia below the crest and just above the inner–border of the beret flash.[4][72][73] Also, air liaison officers assigned to an air support operations squadron or group can be given authorization to wear the black beret and TACP Beret Flash with full-size polished metal officer rank insignia (no crest).[4][26][74][75] Similarly, some Air Mobility Liaison Officers (AMLOs) also wore the black beret.[26] Although worn informally before then, in 2015 The Institute of Heraldry authorized a slight modification of the TACP Beret Flash for wear by AMLOs, incorporating an embroidered compass rose in the upper–left corner of the flash.[76][77] The AMLO Beret Flash was worn in the same manner as air liaison officers wear the TACP Beret Flash.[76][78]

Air Liaison Officer example
TACP Beret Flash
An air liaison officer with the 682nd Air Support Operations Squadron wearing black beret with TACP Beret Flash and captain rank insignia, 2011[78]
AMLO example
An AMLO with the 8th Air Support Operations Squadron wearing black beret with AMLO Beret Flash and captain rank insignia, 2011[76]

In 2018, AFSOC authorized the wear of the brown beret for airman, NCOs, and officers assigned to a combat aviation advisor squadron, specifically the 6th and 711th Special Operations Squadrons. The brown beret—similar to the Army's brown beret—is worn with an Army style organizational beret flash consisting of a dark–blue field with olive–green diagonal stripes and border.[10][79] The Combat Aviation Advisor Beret Flash is worn centered over the left eye with polished metal officer rank insignia, chaplain branch insignia, or an AFSC metallic beret crest—such as the Survival, Evasion, Resistance and Escape (SERE) Specialist Crest—affixed to the beret flash while all other advisors wear the cloth Combat Aviation Advisor Beret Flash without accoutrements.[80][79]

Combat Aviation Advisor example
Combat Aviation Advisor Flash
A SERE NCO with a combat aviation advisor squadron wearing brown beret with Combat Aviation Advisor Beret Flash and SERE Specialist Crest, 2018[80]

US Navy

In the 1960s, select Navy riverine patrol units operating in South Vietnam adopted the black beret to be part of their daily uniform and wore various accouterments on their berets.[81][82] In 1967, the Commander of the Riverine Patrol Force sent an official message to the Commander of River Patrol Flotilla Five authorizing the wear of the black beret.[82] In this message, the wear and appearance of the beret was defined stating, "Beret will be worn with river patrol force insignia centered on right side" and "Only standard size river patrol force insignia will be worn on beret. ... No other emblem or rank insignia will be displayed on beret"[82][83] Today, these Navy small boat units honor their heritage by wearing the black beret during special occasions—such as induction ceremonies into the Gamewardens Association[84]—and will affix historically relevant riverine task force insignia for use as their beret flash.[85][86][87][88]

Examples of Navy riverine units' use of the black beret
Task Force 116 Insignia
Chief of Naval Operations (left) and Commander, Riverine Patrol Force (right) wearing black berets with Task Force 116 Insignia, 1969[89]
A Navy NCO from Riverine Squadron 1 receives the historical black beret with Task Force 116 Insignia at a ceremony making him an honorary "Gamewarden," 2011[86]

Beret flashes of the US military

Joint

Air Force

Obsolete

Army

Adjutant general

Obsolete

Air defense artillery

Obsolete

Armor and cavalry

Obsolete

Aviation

Obsolete

Chemical

Obsolete

Civil affairs

Obsolete

Engineers

Obsolete

Field artillery

Obsolete

Infantry

Obsolete

Logistics

Obsolete

Medical

Obsolete

Military intelligence

Obsolete

Military police

Obsolete

Multidisciplinary units

Obsolete

Ordnance

Psychological operations

Obsolete

Public affairs

Signal

Obsolete

Special forces

Obsolete

Training

Obsolete

State defense forces

Collectively referred to as state defense forces—also known as state guard, state military reserve, or militia—in many states and territories wear modified versions of US Army uniforms.[9][94][95] To help separate these state guard members from other federal armed forces, such as the National Guard, they will wear a unique organizational beret flash on their military beret that is worn in the same manner as their federal counterparts.[9][96][97][98][99][100][101][102] The following is a list of some of these organizational beret flashes worn by various US militia units:

State and territory specific militia

Obsolete

See also

References

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