Baliuag

Baliuag, officially the Municipality of Baliuag (Tagalog: Bayan ng Baliuag), and alternatively spelled Baliwag, is a 1st class municipality in the province of Bulacan, Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of 168,470 people. [3]

Municipality of Baliuag
Baliwag
Municipality
City of Baliuag
(From top, left to right): Baliuag Museum and Library (Old Town Hall) • Baliwag Transit terminal • Baliuag Clock Tower overviewing the Baliuag Wet and Dry Market • Mariano Ponce house birthplace marker • Baliuag Church
Flag
Seal
Nickname(s): 
Buntal Hat Capital of the Philippines
Motto(s): 
Dugong Baliuag, Pusong Baliuag
(English: Baliuag by blood, Baliuag in my heart)
Map of Bulacan with Baliuag highlighted
OpenStreetMap
Municipality of Baliuag
Location within the Philippines
Coordinates: 14°57′N 120°54′E
CountryPhilippines
RegionCentral Luzon
ProvinceBulacan
District 2nd district
Founded1732
Barangays27 (see Barangays)
Government
 [1]
 • TypeSangguniang Bayan
 • MayorFerdinand Estrella
 • Vice MayorChristopher F. Clemente
 • RepresentativeGavini C. Pancho
 • Municipal Council
Members
 • Electorate101,946 voters (2019)
Area
[2]
 • Total45.05 km2 (17.39 sq mi)
Elevation
18 m (59 ft)
Highest elevation
44 m (144 ft)
Lowest elevation
8 m (26 ft)
Population
 (2020 census) [3]
 • Total168,470
 • Rank19 out of 1,489 Municipalities
 • Density3,700/km2 (9,700/sq mi)
 • Households
35,488
DemonymsBaliuageño (male)
Baliuageña (female)
Baliuagenean
Economy
 • Income class1st municipal income class
 • Poverty incidence3.98% (2018)[4]
 • Revenue₱655,252,536.39 (2020)
 • Assets₱1,167,973,294.13 (2020)
 • Expenditure₱659,626,193.73 (2020)
 • Liabilities₱428,715,550.20 (2020)
Utilities
 • ElectricityMeralco
Time zoneUTC+8 (PST)
ZIP code
3006
PSGC
031403000
IDD : area code +63 (0)44
Native languagesTagalog
Kapampangan

Baliuag was founded in 1732 by Augustinian friars and was incorporated by the Spanish Governor-General on May 26, 1733. The town was a part of Quingua (now Plaridel) before.

Through the years of Spanish domination, Baliuag was predominantly agricultural. People had to depend on rice farming for the main source of livelihood. Orchards and tumanas yielded fruits and vegetables, which were sold in the public market. Commerce and industry also played important contributions to the economy of the people. Buntal hat weaving in Baliuag together with silk weaving popularly known in the world as Thai silk; the manufacturer of cigar cases, piña fibers, petates (mats), and Sillas de Bejucos (cane chairs) all of the fine quality became known in many parts of the world. The local market also grew. During the early part of the 19th century, Baliuag was already considered one of the most progressive and richest towns in Bulacan. The growth of the public market has significantly changed the model of the economy of the town.

Baliuag is the major commerce, transportation, entertainment, and educational center of Northern Bulacan. With the continuous expansion of Metro Manila, the municipality is now part of Manila's built-up area which reaches San Ildefonso in its northernmost part.

History

Fr. Joaquín Martínez de Zúñiga, OSA, a friar, in his "1803 Historia de las Islas Filipinas"[5] wrote that the Convent or Parochial house of San Agustin, in Baliuag, is the best in the whole Archipelago and that no edifice in Manila can be compared to it in symmetry and beauty amid its towering belfry, having been a viewing point of the town's panorama. The frayle further stated that the Convent was a repository of priceless parish records that dated to the founding of Baliuag as a pueblo or parrochia by the OSA or Augustinians in 1733. But the first convent was erected at Barangay Santa Barbara, Baliuag before the Parokya was formally established at the now Plaza Naning, Poblacion.

"Lumang Municipio" (Baliuag Museum and Library).

Fr. Joaquín Martínez de Zúñiga arrived in the Philippines on August 3, 1786, and visited Baliuag on February 17, 1802, with Ignacio Maria de Álava y Sáenz de Navarrete. Their host was Baliuag's Parish Priest, Fray Esteban Diez Hidalgo.[6] Fr. Diez served as the longest cura parroco of Baliuag from 1789, having built the church and convent from 1790 to 1801.

Spanish records "Apuntes históricos de la provincia augustiniana del Santísimo Nombre de Jesús de Filipinas"[7] reveal that Fr. Juan de Albarran, OSA was assigned Parish Priest of Baliuag in 1733. The first baptism in Baliuag Church was ordered by Fr. Lector and Fr. Feliz Trillo, Provincial of the Province on June 7, 1933, while Baliuag was founded and began its de jure existence on May 26, 1733. The pueblo or town was created in the provincial Chapter on May 15, 1734, with the appointment of Fr. Manuel Bazeta/Baseta as first cura parroco.[8]

In 1769–1774, the Church of Baliuag was built by Father Gregorio Giner. The present structure (the third church to be rebuilt, due to considerable damage during the 1880 Luzon earthquakes) was later rebuilt by Father Esteban Diaz using mortar and stone. The 1866 Belfry was also completed by Father Matias Novoa but the July 19, 1880 quake damaged the same which was later repaired by Father Thomas Gresa.[9][10]

The earthquake of June 3, 1863, one of the strongest to ever hit Manila, destroyed the Governor's Palace in Intramuros. Malacañang then became the permanent residence of the head of the country. The massive quake also damaged the Baliuag Church.[11] In 1870, the reconstruction began when a temporary house of worship, the “Provincial”, along Año 1733 street, emerged as a narrow, and simple edifice which later used by the RVM Sisters of the Colegio de la Sagrada Familia (now St. Mary's College of Baliuag) as the classroom. Antonio de Mesa, “Maestrong Tonio" fabricated the parts to have finished the Spanish-era Baliuag Church.

First Municipio

Baliuag had 30 curates (1733–1898): Fr. Esteban Diez Hidalgo and Fr. Fausto Lopez served 40 and 24 years, respectively. Fr. Lopez had 6 children with a beautiful native, Mariquita: Dr. Joaquin Gonzalez, Francisco, the former Assemblyman Ricardo Lloret Gonzales (Legislative districts of Bulacan, 5th Philippine Legislature), and Jose the eldest who was widely known as “Pepeng Mariquita", inter alia. Spanish cura parroco, Fr. Ysidoro Prada served in Baliuag during the last decade of the Spaniard regime.

The Philippine-American civil and military authorities supervised the first municipal elections, having chosen Baliuag as the site of the first Philippine elections of May 7, 1899.[12] The Filipinos gathered at the plaza of the St. Augustine Church after the Holy Mass, and thereafter the officials were selected based on the qualifications for voters set by the Americans.[13]

The first town Gobernadorcillo (1789 title) of Baliuag was Cap. Jose de Guzman.[14] He was assisted by the Tribunal's teniente mayor (chief lieutenant), juez de ganadas (judge of the cattle), juez de sementeras (judge of the field) and juez de policia (judge of the police). In the History of the Philippines (1521–1898), the 1893 Maura Law, the title of Gobernadorcillo became "capitan municipal" and that of each juez to teniente. From Baliuag's independence from Quingua, now Plaridel, Bulacan to 1898, 49 served as capitan, 13 alcalde and 92 as Gobernadorcillo. Felix de Lara (1782) and Agustin de Castro (1789) were the 1st alcalde and Gobernadorcillo, respectively. Municipal President Fernando Enrile, in 1908, honored some of these officials, even naming some of Baliuag calles in their honor, later. But all these political officials remained under the thumbs and the habito, of the autocratic Augustinian friars, the Baliuag Kura Parokos.

The local government of Baliuag used as first Municipio under the American regime (History of the Philippines (1898–1946)) the Mariano Yoyongko (Gobernadorcillo in 1885) Principalia in Poblacion (now a part of the market site), which it bought from Yoyongko.[15]

On September 15, 1915, Baliuag municipality bought the heritage mansion and a lot of Dr. Joaquin Gonzalez. The Gonzalez old mansion served as Lumang Municipio (the Old Municipio or Town Hall Building, as the seat of the local government) for 65 years. It is now the Baliuag Museum and Library.

Baliuag produced not less than 30 priests, including 3 during the Spanish-Dominican, and 2 Jesuits during the American regimes.

Jeorge Allan R. Tengco and Amy R. Tengco (wife of Lito S. Tengco), philanthropists, owners of Baliwag Transit and other chains of business establishments had been conferred the Papal Orders of Chivalry October 3, 2000 Pro Ecclesia et Pontifice and the 2012 Dame of the Order of St. Gregory the Great awards.[16]

Don Mariano Ponce

Mariano Ponce was a native of Baliuag. He was a founding member of the Propaganda Movement together with José Rizal and Marcelo del Pilar; a former assemblyman of the second district of Bulacan to the Philippine Assembly; and the co-founder of La Solidaridad with fellow co-founder Graciano López-Jaena. His most common names are Naning (the Plaza Naning in Baliuag being named after his nickname); Kalipulako, named after the Cebuano hero Lapulapu; and Tagibalang or Tigbalang (Tikbalang), a supernatural being in Filipino folklore.[17]

Cityhood
Main article: Cities of the Philippines

In 2018, the Sangguniang Bayan filed a resolution to request Bulacan 2nd District Representative Gavini Pancho, to file a house bill to convert Baliuag into a city.[18]

ACT-CIS Partylist Representative Eric Go Yap and 1st District of Davao City Representative Paolo Duterte filed House Bill 7362, seeking to convert Baliuag into a city in the province.[19] House Bill No. 7362 was filed last August 12, 2020 for the conversion of the municipality of Baliuag into a component city in the province of Bulacan.[20] Passed by the House, passed by the Senate, Transmitted to the President) Established as a city via Republic Act No.

Geography

Barangays

Baliuag is politically subdivided into 27 barangays.

PSGC Barangay Population ±% p.a.
2020 [3] 2010 [21]
031403001 Bagong Nayon 3.3% 5,616 5,994 ▾ −0.65%
031403002 Barangca 1.8% 3,051 2,742 ▴ 1.07%
031403003 Calantipay 1.7% 2,784 2,613 ▴ 0.64%
031403004 Catulinan 1.1% 1,916 1,769 ▴ 0.80%
031403005 Concepcion 5.9% 9,933 9,585 ▴ 0.36%
031403006 Hinukay 1.3% 2,140 1,419 ▴ 4.19%
031403007 Makinabang 7.0% 11,715 11,196 ▴ 0.45%
031403008 Matangtubig 1.6% 2,630 2,859 ▾ −0.83%
031403010 Pagala 2.3% 3,843 3,139 ▴ 2.04%
031403011 Paitan 0.9% 1,517 1,440 ▴ 0.52%
031403012 Piel 1.3% 2,229 1,955 ▴ 1.32%
031403013 Pinagbarilan 3.2% 5,357 5,178 ▴ 0.34%
031403014 Poblacion. 5.6% 9,448 9,668 ▾ −0.23%
031403016 Sabang 6.7% 11,350 11,960 ▾ −0.52%
031403017 San Jose 3.9% 6,575 5,346 ▴ 2.09%
031403018 San Roque 2.1% 3,554 3,402 ▴ 0.44%
031403019 Santa Barbara 6.9% 11,676 11,568 ▴ 0.09%
031403020 Santo Cristo 5.2% 8,840 8,650 ▴ 0.22%
031403021 Santo Niño 2.3% 3,818 3,470 ▴ 0.96%
031403022 Subic 3.3% 5,506 4,550 ▴ 1.92%
031403023 Sulivan 3.0% 5,070 4,776 ▴ 0.60%
031403024 Tangos 3.4% 5,699 5,578 ▴ 0.21%
031403025 Tarcan 4.4% 7,333 6,892 ▴ 0.62%
031403026 Tiaong 3.0% 5,006 4,903 ▴ 0.21%
031403027 Tibag 1.8% 3,014 3,746 ▾ −2.15%
031403028 Tilapayong 2.0% 3,389 2,494 ▴ 3.11%
031403030 Virgen delas Flores 4.1% 6,945 6,673 ▴ 0.40%
Total 168,470 143,565 ▴ 1.61%

Climate
Climate data for Baliuag, Bulacan
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 28
(82)		 29
(84)		 31
(88)		 33
(91)		 32
(90)		 31
(88)		 30
(86)		 29
(84)		 29
(84)		 30
(86)		 30
(86)		 28
(82)		 30
(86)
Average low °C (°F) 20
(68)		 20
(68)		 21
(70)		 22
(72)		 24
(75)		 24
(75)		 24
(75)		 24
(75)		 24
(75)		 23
(73)		 22
(72)		 21
(70)		 22
(72)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 6
(0.2)		 4
(0.2)		 6
(0.2)		 17
(0.7)		 82
(3.2)		 122
(4.8)		 151
(5.9)		 123
(4.8)		 124
(4.9)		 99
(3.9)		 37
(1.5)		 21
(0.8)		 792
(31.1)
Average rainy days 3.3 2.5 11.7 6.6 17.7 22.2 25.2 23.7 23.2 17.9 9.2 5.2 168.4
Source: Meteoblue [22]

Demographics
Population census of Baliuag
YearPop.±% p.a.
1903 15,936—    
1918 18,254+0.91%
1939 22,972+1.10%
1948 30,670+3.26%
1960 37,409+1.67%
1970 52,133+3.37%
1975 61,624+3.41%
1980 70,555+2.74%
1990 89,719+2.43%
1995 103,054+2.63%
2000 119,675+3.26%
2007 136,982+1.88%
2010 143,565+1.72%
2015 149,954+0.83%
2020 168,470+2.32%
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority [23] [21] [24][25]

In the 2020 census, the population of Baliuag, Bulacan, was 168,470 people, [3] with a density of 3,700 inhabitants per square kilometre or 9,600 inhabitants per square mile.

Religion

Baliuag at present has six parishes, a sub-parish and a quasi-parish under the administration of Diocese of Malolos. Their patron saint of Baliuag is St. Augustine because Baliuag was founded by the Augustinians in 1733.

Economy
Economy of Baliuag, Bulacan
Baliuag Town Proper
2017 Financial Highlights[33]
Financial Conditions
  • Total Assets: PHP 613.43 million
  • Total Liabilities: PHP 230.64 million
  • Total Equity: PHP 382.78 million
Results of Operations
  • Total Revenues: PHP 491.54 million
  • Total Expenses: PHP 459.84 million
  • Excess Income Over Expenses: PHP 31.70 million
Sources and Application of Funds
  • Appropriation and Allotments: PHP 507.30 million
  • Obligations: PHP 480.09 million
  • Balances: PHP 27.21 million

Major industries
  • Garments
  • Pyrotechnics
  • Food/Food Processing
  • Furniture
  • Swine
  • Chicken Production
  • Automobile Industry

Major products
  • Buntal Hat and Bags
  • Bakeries (Native Pandesal, Ensaymada, Spanish Bread)
  • Native Delicacies (Chicharon, Puto, Pastillas de Leche)
  • Lechon Manok (famously Baliwag Lechon Manok)

Malls and supermarkets
  • SM City Baliuag
  • A Square
  • Puregold Baliuag
  • Puregold DRT Highway
  • Puregold Tangos
  • Super8 Grocery Warehouse
  • Savemore Supermarket
  • Ultra Mega Supermarket
  • Unitop Baliuag
  • Megamart Baliuag
  • RCS
  • Waltermart Mall Baliuag (U/C)
  • NSN (U/C)

Government
Baliwag Town Hall
2019-2022 Baliuag Municipal Officials [34] [35]
PositionNameParty
Mayor Ferdie Estrella PDP–Laban
Vice Mayor Christopher "Cris" F. Clemente NUP
Councilors Marie Claudette "Madette" S. Quimpo NUP
Enrique "Buko" dela Cruz, Jr. Independent
Lee Edward "Dingdong" V. Nicolas PDP–Laban
Maria Isabel "Mabel" L. Pascual NUP
Wilfredo "Willy" Lapira NUP
Lowell C. Tagle PDP–Laban
Antonio "Tony" Patawaran PDP–Laban
Rodrigo "Ogie" Baltazar PDP–Laban
Ex Officio Municipal Council Members
ABC President Ricky Romulo (Tiaong) Nonpartisan
SK Federation President Jaime Viceo IV (Santa Barbara) Nonpartisan

List of former mayors
No. Presidente Municipal Took office Left office
1Francisco Guerrero18991899
2Jose Rustia19001900
3Ancieto Valencia19011903
4Dr. Domingo M. Enrile19041905
5Jose Lajom19061907
6Fernando Enrile19081909
7Martin H. Prado19101912
8Juan Racelis19131918
9Pablo Camacho19191922
10Emilio Rustia19221925
11Pedro R. Mateo19251930
12Dr. Peregrino E. Sauco19311934
13Atty. Wenceslao Ortega19341937
No. Alcalde Took office Left office
1Dr. Guilermo dela Merced19381941
2Rafael Chico19421945
No. Municipal Mayors Took office Left office
1Maj. Servando C. Santos19461955
2Roberto E. Chico19561959
3Felix Tiongson19601963
4Roberto E. Chico19641967
5Florentino Vergel de Dios1968March 1980
6Dominador EnrileMarch 1980September 1981
7Leonardo C. MananghayaSeptember 1981May 1986
8Atty. Emilio Camacho Santos (OIC)May 1986February 1988
9Reynaldo S. del RosarioFebruary 1988June 1992
10Cornelio P. Trinidad19921994
11Edilberto S. TengcoNovember 1994June 1998
12Rolando F. SalvadorJuly 1998June 2004
13Romeo M. EstrellaJuly 2004June 2013
14Carolina L. Dellosa, M.DJuly 2013June 2016
15Ferdinand V. EstrellaJuly 2016June 30, 2019

Tourism
Baliwag Clock Tower
Baliwag is the home of the first self-supporting clock tower in Bulacan, which is a heritage attraction in the town.
Lenten Processions
Baliwag is known for its Semana Santa (Holy Week) processions, which are among the longest religious processions in the Philippines. As of 2019, the procession hosts a record 124 (121, with 3 additional) carros Early versions of the buntal hat were wide-brimmed farmer's hats and used unsoftened strips of buntal fiber. The industry expanded into Baliwag, Bulacan between 1907 and 1909, originally introduced by Mariano Deveza who originally hailed from Lucban, Quezon. or carrozas (floats) with life-sized santos (statues) joined in the parade showcasing events from the life and passion of Christ.
Buntal Hat Festival
A buntal hat from Baliuag

Buntal Hat Festival is a celebration of the culture of buntal hat making in the town that is simultaneously celebrated with Mother's Day annually. Early versions of the buntal hat were wide-brimmed farmer's hats and used unsoftened strips of buntal fiber. The industry expanded into Baliuag, Bulacan between 1907 and 1909, originally introduced by Mariano Deveza who originally hailed from Lucban, Quezon. Colorful and grandiose decorations and street dancing are the highlights of this celebration.

Other attractions
  • 3006 Augustine Square (A. Square)
  • Baliuag Glorietta Park
  • Baliuag Museum and Library (Lumang Municipio)
  • Mariano Ponce Ancestral House Museum
  • The Greenery Events Place
  • The Baliuag Star Arena
  • Jose Rizal Monument at Plaza Naning
  • Baliuag Pasalubong Center
  • Parish Museum of Old Religious Artifacts (Parish of St. Augustine)
  • Carozza Makers
  • Artisan Street (Bone In-Lay Handicrafts)
  • Baliuag Heroes’ Park
  • Baliuag Night Market
  • Baliuag Christmas Night Market
  • The Chapters
  • Tate Haus, Baliuag's Premiere Resort.

Transportation
BTI main terminal in Plaza Naning, Baliuag

Public transportation in Baliuag is served by provincial buses, jeepneys, UV Express AUVs, and intra-municipal tricycles.

Baliwag Transit, Inc., one of the largest bus transportation system in the Philippines, is headquartered in Barangay Sabang. It mainly services routes to and from Metro Manila and Central Luzon.

There are three major transport lines in the municipality: The Baliuag-Candaba (Benigno S. Aquino Avenue) road going to Pampanga (from the Downtown Baliuag to Candaba Town Proper), the Old Cagayan Valley road (Calle Rizal) and the Dona Remedios Trinidad Highway (N1, AH26) going to Manila and Nueva Ecija. The town is located 52 kilometers north of Manila, the capital of the Philippines.

Education

There are public and private educational institutions found in Baliuag.

Tertiary education

Primary and secondary education

Here are some of the school's offers between primary and secondary education;

Public
  • Mariano Ponce National High School
  • Sto. Niño High School
  • Virgen Delas Flores High School
  • Sulivan High School
  • Teodoro Evangelista Memorial High School (a school between Baliuag and Bustos)
  • Tilapayong Elementary School
  • San Jose Elementary School
  • Concepcion Elementary School
  • Sabang Elementary School
  • Baliuag North Central School
  • Baliuag South Central School
  • Catulinan Elementary School
  • Pinagbarilan Elementary School
  • Hinukay Elementary School

Private
  • Immaculate Concepcion School of Baliuag
  • Montessori De Sagrada Familia is a private basic education school established in late-1997, known for its state-of-the-art learning system, swimming center, event center known as "The Chapters", and sports facilities.
  • Living Angeles Christian School is a private basic education school established in early-1997 known for great facilities and near SM City Baliuag.
  • The Catholic Servants of Christ Community is also a private basic education school established in early-2002 and is located in Sulivan, Baliuag, Bulacan.
  • Saint Jean Baptiste Academy Inc.
  • Baliuag Welcome Arch from Pulilan, Bulacan
  • Baliuag Clock tower
  • Baliuag Glorietta Park at night
  • Ang Baliuag kay Rizal Monument
  • Baliuag Star Arena
  • Baliuag District Hospital
  • TATE HAUS

See also

References
  1.  Municipality of Baliuag | (DILG)
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