List of Aramean kings
Aramean kings were kings of the ancient Arameans, and rulers of various Aramean states that existed throughout the Levant and Mesopotamia during the 14th and 13th centuries BC, before being absorbed by various other empires such as the Neo-Assyrian Empire, Neo-Babylonian Empire and the Achaemenid Empire.[1][2]
Arameans |
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Syro-Hittite states |
Aramean kings |
Aramean cities |
Sources |
Kings

King Hazael of Aram-Damascus
Aramean kings are known from various inscriptions, and some are also mentioned in the Hebrew Bible.
Aram-Damascus[3]
Name | Reign | Notes |
---|---|---|
Rezin | ca. 960 | |
Hezion | ca. 960 | son of Rezin |
Tabrimmon | ca. 930 | son of Hezion |
Ben-Hadad I | ca. 960 | son of Tob-Rimmon |
Ben-Hadad II | ca. 930 | son of Ben-Hadad I |
Ben-Hadad III | ca. 900 | son of Ben-Hadad II |
Hazael I | 895 - 854 | usurper |
Ben-Hadad III | 854 - 842 | son of Hazael I, Aramaic Bir-Hadad, Assyrian Adad-idri |
Hazael | 842 - 824 | son of a nobody, but not an usurper |
Mari | 824 - 790 | son of Hazael II? |
Hadyan II | ca. 775? - mid 8th century | Assyrian Hadiiani |
Azriau | 750 - 740 | Hebrew Azar-Yao/Rezin |
Raqianu | 740 - 727 | Assyrian Rahianu |
Bit-Agusi[4]
Name | Reign | Notes |
---|---|---|
Gusi | ca. 870 | Dynasty founder |
Hadram | ca. 860 - 830 | son of Gusi (Arame) |
Attar-šumki I | ca. 830 - 800/ 805 - 796[5] | son of Hadram, synonym Bar-Guš[5] |
Bar-Hadad | ca. 800 | son of Attar-šumki I, reign unclear |
Attar-šumki II | 1st half 8th century | son of Bar-Hadad |
Mati-Ilu | mid 8th century | son of Attar-šumki II |
Bit-Gabbari (Sam'al)

King Bar Rakib on his throne, before him stands a scribe Bit Gabbari

A stele of the Aramean king Bar-Rakib
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King Panamuwa standing in front of Mesopotamian deities
Name | Reign | Notes |
---|---|---|
Gabbar | ca 920[6]/ca. 900 - 880 | Dynasty founder |
Bamah | ca. 880 - 865 | son of Gabbar |
Hayya | ca. 865-840[7] | son of Bamah |
Ša-il | ca. 840 - 830 | son of Hayya |
Kilamuwa | ca. 830 - 820[7] | brother of Ša-il |
Qarli | ca. 820 - 740 | son of Ahabbu?, he unified Sam'al and Y'DY |
Panamuwa I | ca. 790 - 750 | son of Qarli, synonym Panammu[8] |
Bar-Sur | ca. 750 | son of Panamuwa I |
Panamuwa II | ca. 743[9] - 727 | son of Bar-Sur, synonym Panammu[8] |
Bar-Rakib | 727[9] - 713/711[10] | son of Panamuwa II |
Kasku[11]
Name | Reign | Notes |
---|---|---|
Bar-Ga'ya | mid 8th century | Possibly an Assyrian high official |
Bit Bahiani [12]
Name | Reign | Notes |
---|---|---|
Bahianu | - | - |
Abisalmu | - | - |
Kapara | 950-875 BC | He built a monumental palace in Neo-Hittite style discovered by Max von Oppenheim in 1911, with a rich decoration of statues and relief orthostats |
Hamath[12]
Name | Reign | Notes |
---|---|---|
T'oi | - | - |
Hadoram | - | - |
Paratas | - | - |
Irhuleni | 853 BC | He led a coalition against the Assyrian expansion under Shalmaneser III, alongside Hadadezer of Damascus.[13] |
Uratamis | - | - |
Zakkur | - | - |
Eni-Ilu | - | - |
Yaub'di | - | - |
Aram-Naharaim[12]
Name | Reign | Notes |
---|---|---|
Cushan-rishathaim | 1250 BC | He was king of Aram-Naharaim, or Northwest Mesopotamia, and the first oppressor of the Israelites after their settlement in Canaan. |
Bit-Zamani[12]
Name | Reign | Notes |
---|---|---|
Ammi-Ba'al | 900 - 879 BC | He was king of Bit-Zamani, or Northwest Mesopotamia known for his rivals against Tukulti-Ninurta II. |
Bur-Ramman | 879 - 866 | Successor of Ammi-Ba'al |
Ilan | 879 - 866 BC | Successor and brother of Bur-Ramman |
See also
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Aramean kings. |
References
- Lipiński 2000.
- Younger 2016.
- Bryce (2012), pp. 175–178, 309.
- Bryce (2012), pp. 165–168, 308.
- Leick (2002), p. 33.
- Leick (2002), p. 60.
- Leick (2002), p. 92.
- Leick (2002), p. 128.
- Alessandra Gilibert: Syro-Hittite Monumental Art and the Archaeology of Performance. Berlin 2011, p. 135.
- Leick (2002), p. 38.
- Bryce (2012), p. 179.
- Bryce (2012), pp. 179–180.
- Luis Robert Siddall, The Reign of Adad-nīrārī III: An Historical and Ideological Analysis of An Assyrian King and His Times. BRILL, 2013 ISBN 9004256148 p.37
- "Kingdoms of Syria - Bit Adini".
Sources
- Gzella, Holger (2015). A Cultural History of Aramaic: From the Beginnings to the Advent of Islam. Leiden-Boston: Brill. ISBN 9789004285101.
- Lipiński, Edward (2000). The Aramaeans: Their Ancient History, Culture, Religion. Leuven: Peeters Publishers. ISBN 9789042908598.
- Sader, Hélène (2014). "History". The Aramaeans in Ancient Syria. Leiden: Brill. pp. 11–36. ISBN 9789004229433.
- Younger, Kenneth Lawson (2016). A Political History of the Arameans: From Their Origins to the End of Their Polities. Atlanta: SBL Press. ISBN 9781628370843.
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