Abdominopelvic cavity
The abdominopelvic cavity is a body cavity that consists of the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity.[1] The upper portion is the abdominal cavity, and it contains the stomach, liver, pancreas, spleen, gallbladder, kidneys, small intestine, and most of the large intestine. The lower portion is the pelvic cavity, and it contains the urinary bladder, the rest of the large intestine (the lower portion), and the internal reproductive organs.[2][3] The abdominal pelvic cavity is a little pocket sac that lies way low in the base of the abdominal pelvis cavity. There is no membrane that separates out the abdominal cavity from the pelvic cavity, so the terms abdominal pelvis and peritoneal cavity are sometimes used. There are many diseases and disorders associated with the organs of the abdominopelvic cavity.
| Abdominopelvic cavity | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Details | |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | cavitas abdominis et pelvis |
| TA98 | A01.1.00.050 A10.1.00.000 |
| TA2 | 3699 |
| FMA | 12267 |
| Anatomical terminology | |
Structure
The stomach sits on the left side, which is attached to the esophagus tube. Food comes through the esophagus, goes behind all of the other organs in the thoracic cavity then comes out through the esophagus and opens up into the stomach. The stomach is more of a mashing and acidic environment which begins the major processes of digestion. The food particles must be broken down before entering the small intestine.
The small intestine is about 20 feet and goes behind the large intestine then makes a mass of curly tube. The small intestine is divided into three parts: duodenum, jejunum and ileum. The duodenum receives particles from different organs like, the pancreas. The pancreas secretes things into the first section of the duodenum. The second part is the jejunum, and it is located in the middle of the small intestine. The final part of the small intestine is the ilium. The ilium is connected right into the large intestine. The ileum is connected right into the ileum cecum valve which is the beginning of the large intestine. The large intestine, also known as the large bowel, is the last part of the gastrointestinal tract and of the digestive system.
Coming off the cecum (tiny tail piece) is the appendix. The appendix is a small organ attached to the large intestine in the lower right side of the belly.
Physiology
The pancreas produces the hormone insulin, which helps controls the blood sugar. The spleen is a curved purple-shaped organ located on the left side, hidden as a cavity organ. The spleen filters out the red blood cells and pulls out the old blood cells and cleans them out.
The liver is a processing and detoxifying organ. It filters all the blood and cleans It out. The liver sits right up against the diaphragm on the right side. The gallbladder is located on the inferior (below) and posterior (backside) surface of the liver. The gallbladder produces bile, which is used to help process fats in the body. Humans can live without the gallbladder.
The pancreas is an organ that regulates blood sugar.
On the very dorsal aspect of an abdominal cavity model, there are two little kidney bean-shaped organs that are called the left and right kidney. The kidneys filter the blood and urine. The urinary tract can be divided into the upper urinary tract and the lower urinary tract. The upper urinary tract consists of the kidneys and the ureters, and the lower urinary tract consists of the bladder and the urethra. They are one of the most common types of infection and account for around 8.1 million visits to a doctor every year.
The appendix is a finger-shaped pouch that projects from the colon on the lower right side of the abdomen. The appendix does not seem to have a specific purpose.
Clinical significance
The stomach can be affected by a few types of diseases. Helicobacter pylorus, previously known as Campylobacter pylori, is a Gram-negative, microaerophilic bacterium infection usually found in the stomach. People who are infected with the Campylobacter pylori should drink extra fluids as long as the diarrhea lasts. Antibiotics are needed or prescribed to people who are very ill or at high risk for severe disease, such as people with severely weakened immune systems. This includes people with HIV/AIDS, those receiving chemotherapy, and the those with the blood disorders thalassemia and hypogammaglobulinemia.
One disease that affects the lining of the GI tract. Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract.[4] Crohn's most commonly affects the end of the small bowel (the ileum) and the beginning of the colon, but it may affect any part of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, from the mouth to the anus. Crohn's disease affects both large and small intestine.
When the appendix gets infected, it is called appendicitis. When there is a buildup of bacteria, the appendix can get inflamed and swollen, and this leads to appendicitis.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas. Acute pancreatitis is sudden inflammation of the pancreas that may be mild or life-threatening but usually subsides. Gallstones and excessive alcohol use are the main causes of acute pancreatitis. Severe abdominal pain is the predominant symptom.
The spleen sits right against the ribs. If a person cracks their rib, they can puncture their spleen. Because there is a lot of blood flowing in the spleen, there is a higher chance of excessive bleeding.
Cirrhosis is a complication of many liver diseases characterized by abnormal structure and function of the liver. The diseases that lead to cirrhosis do so because they injure and kill liver cells, after which the inflammation and repair that is associated with the dying liver cells causes, scar tissue to form. The liver cells that do not die multiply in an attempt to replace the cells that have died. This results in clusters of newly formed liver cells (regenerative nodules) within the scar tissue. A 2008 review states, "The exact prevalence of cirrhosis worldwide is unknown. It was estimated at 0·15% or 400 000 in the USA, 7 which accounted for more than 25000 deaths and 373000 hospital discharges in 1998."[5]
Urinary tract infections are caused by microbes such as bacteria overcoming the body's defenses in the urinary tract. They can affect the kidneys, the bladder, and the tubes that run between them.
A consequence of a fatty diet is diarrhea, due to the fact that the body is no longer processing the food as well.
Additional images
The abdominopelvic cavity 6 is made up of the abdominal cavity 3 and the pelvic cavity 4.
The abdominopelvic cavity is made up of the abdominal cavity 3 and the pelvic cavity 4.
References
- Rollins, Jeannean Hall; Long, Bruce W.; Curtis, Tammy (2022). Merrill's Atlas of Radiographic Positioning and Procedures - 3-Volume Set - E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 131. ISBN 978-0-32-383323-3.
- Tortora, Gerard J.; Derrickson, Bryan H. (2017). Introduction to the Human Body. John Wiley & Sons. p. 17. ISBN 978-1-11-930666-5.
- Cooper, Kim; Gosnell, Kelly (2014). Foundations and Adult Health Nursing. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 1228. ISBN 978-0-32-310001-4.
- Crohn’s disease
- Schuppan, Detlef; Afdhal, Nezam H. (2008). "Liver cirrhosis". The Lancet. 371 (9615): 838–851. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60383-9. PMC 2271178. PMID 18328931.
- Graham, David Y. "Campylobacter pylori and peptic ulcer disease." Gastroenterology 96.2 (1989): 615–625.
- Lockhart-Mummery, H. E., and B. C. Morson. "Crohn's disease of the large intestine." Gut 5.6 (1964):
- Humes, D. J., and J. Simpson. "Acute appendicitis." Bmj 333.7567 (2006): 530–534.
- Patterson, Jan Evans, and Vincent T. Andriole. "Bacterial urinary tract infections in diabetes." Infectious Disease Clinics 11.3 (1997): 735–750.