World Intellectual Property Indicators

World Intellectual Property Indicators (WIPI) is an annual statistical report published by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO).[1] The publication provides an overview of the activity in the areas of patents, utility models, trademarks, industrial designs, microorganisms, plant variety protection, geographical indications and the creative economy.

The WIPI draws on intellectual property (IP) statistics collected from the 193 member States of WIPO. It provides the latest trends for IP activity at world, geographical region, country and IP office levels. WIPO has published the report annually since 2009.[2]

Data sources

The IP statistics data presented in the WIPI are taken from the WIPO Statistics Database and based primarily on data collected from national and regional IP offices, other competent authorities and publishers’ associations from around the world, through annual surveys consisting of multiple questionnaires. Data are also compiled by WIPO in processing international applications through the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT), the Madrid System for trademark protection and the Hague System for industrial design protection.[3]

Patent family and technology data are extracted from the WIPO Statistics Database and from the PATSTAT database of the European Patent Office (EPO).[4] Gross domestic product, income group classification and population data are from the World Development Indicators database of the World Bank. Geographical regions are those defined by the United Nations.[3]

Accessing the report and its data

The WIPI is available on WIPO website. Its underlying data can be extracted from the IP Statistics Data Center, which is WIPO’s online statistical database.[1][2][5]

The IP Facts and Figures report, drawn from the WIPI, serves as a quick reference guide for the most frequently used measure of IP activity.[6] An online statistical country profiles also provides a set of IP statistics at country level.[7]

More comprehensive data and analysis on the WIPO administrated Systems are available in a series of three publications: PCT Yearly Review, Madrid Yearly Review and Hague Yearly Review.[8][9][10]

IP Statistics by IP office or by country of origin

Applications received by offices from resident and non-resident applicants are referred to as office data, whereas applications filed by applicants at their national or regional office (resident applications) or at a foreign office (applications filed abroad) are referred to as origin data.[3][11] For statistical purposes, WIPO defines the origin of an IP application to be the country or territory of residence of the first named applicant in the application.[3][11]

Due to the nature of regional offices, the WIPI uses an equivalent application concept for reporting data by origin.[3][11] Applications at regional offices are equivalent to multiple applications, one in each of the member states of those offices. For the EPO and the African Regional Intellectual Property Organization (ARIPO), the equivalent application is counted as one application abroad, if the applicant does not reside in a member state, or as one resident application and one application abroad, if the applicant resides in a member state.[3]

The patent, trademark and industrial design data presented in this table come from the WIPI and show the application filing activity trend by country of origin and by year of filing.

Trademark application data refer to class counts – that is, the number of classes specified in applications. This provides the best comparison of international trademark filing activity across origins, because some jurisdictions may allow multiple classes of goods and services to be specified in a single application, whereas others require a separate application for each class. For the same reason, industrial design data refer to design counts, that is, the number of designs contained in applications.[2][11]

Patents, trademarks, and industrial design filing activity by country of origin[1][12][13][14]
Code Country Patent applications

in 2019

 Patent applications

in 2020

 Trademarks applications

in 2019

 Trademarks applications

in 2020

 Industrial design applications

in 2019

 Industrial design applications

in 2020

AD  Andorra 51 45 5,211 6,149 0 0
AE  United Arab Emirates 789 837 33,950 40,329 1,172 624
AL  Albania 24 0 2,069 2,485 0 139
AM  Armenia 211 135 4,867 5,225 246 251
AO  Angola 3 0 2,866 2,732 0 0
AR  Argentina 815 1,239 58,560 73,992 1,709 1,694
AT  Austria 14,482 13,763 361,756 358,043 65,253 69,827
AU  Australia 12,611 11,907 211,042 224,928 15,766 15,680
AZ  Azerbaijan 584 244 5,184 5,109 139 36
BA  Bosnia and Herzegovina 61 61 2,132 2,737 2,182 299
BB  Barbados 755 667 3,414 3,351 0 0
BD  Bangladesh 89 56 8,491 9,991 1,494 1,163
BE  Belgium 14,229 13,478 252,627 269,775 33,567 34,785
BF  Burkina Faso 0 153 3,590 5,296 204 223
BG  Bulgaria 466 602 82,298 95,942 21,036 10,790
BH  Bahrain 80 37 1,483 1,243 9 70
BI  Burundi 7 3 30 55 0 0
BJ  Benin 102 51 3,446 2,687 17 85
BN  Brunei 23 10 316 284 0 0
BR  Brazil 7,458 7,271 238,510 281,493 8,976 5,417
BT  Bhutan 3 1 135 258 5 9
BW  Botswana 3 6 894 797 0 0
BY  Belarus 1,284 1,278 11,149 11,628 430 264
BZ  Belize 15 19 0 0 37 6
CA  Canada 25,174 23,855 273,267 193,418 19,552 15,114
CD  Democratic Republic of the Congo 42 75 524 566 0 0
CF  Central African Republic 17 68 139 0 17 17
CG  Republic of the Congo 87 204 540 1,010 17 34
CH   Switzerland 46,147 44,806 529,871 496,879 148,697 143,055
CI  Ivory Coast 308 278 16,243 21,834 2,180 1,649
CL  Chile 968 862 41,468 55,772 202 364
CM  Cameroon 528 714 11,004 10,938 597 479
CN  China 1,328,067 1,441,086 8,604,977 10,889,655 1,118,568 1,336,233
CO  Colombia 638 597 38,893 37,605 408 405
CR  Costa Rica 114 87 10,765 9,513 13 11
CU  Cuba 115 170 4,460 3,397 49 20
CV  Cape Verde 0 1 149 184 0 4
CW  Curaçao 0 0 260 478 0 0
CY  Cyprus 354 360 70,171 79,150 15,608 4,488
CZ  Czech Republic 2,269 1,953 152,125 151,526 20,950 25,477
DE  Germany 178,359 168,092 2,411,239 2,704,588 605,170 581,330
DK  Denmark 13,187 13,586 186,635 177,408 64,877 60,558
DM  Dominica 0 0 138 0 0 0
DO  Dominican Republic 45 35 9,007 8,691 35 7
DZ  Algeria 119 173 9,919 13,513 1,376 1,207
EC  Ecuador 46 48 13,912 13,502 81 55
EE  Estonia 278 297 55,930 54,495 4,110 5,429
EG  Egypt 1,183 1,187 26,258 0 1,720 0
ES  Spain 9,926 10,170 771,107 737,988 115,863 110,103
ET  Ethiopia 0 13 0 1,570 0 0
FI  Finland 11,486 12,053 163,755 176,844 22,558 30,839
FR  France 67,389 64,287 1,206,252 1,072,629 222,776 195,899
GA  Gabon 139 68 1,813 1,045 221 119
GB  United Kingdom 54,794 53,079 1,250,208 1,304,518 193,733 196,183
GD  Grenada 0 3 0 61 0 0
GE  Georgia 89 120 4,132 4,022 228 152
GH  Ghana 0 12 0 1,687 0 946
GM  Gambia 0 0 115 195 0 0
GN  Guinea 5 69 5,034 5,735 833 918
GQ  Equatorial Guinea 0 0 479 138 0 0
GR  Greece 1,164 1,129 0 0 5,082 10,773
GT  Guatemala 13 18 9,017 8,357 7 7
GW  Guinea-Bissau 0 17 545 663 68 51
HK  Hong Kong 2,182 2,131 131,999 138,473 34,365 28,238
HN  Honduras 1 0 3,274 1,985 0 0
HR  Croatia 327 248 23,471 26,979 3,213 3,392
HU  Hungary 1,449 1,299 64,892 65,821 8,177 7,047
ID  Indonesia 3,141 1,358 51,128 86,154 2,077 2,372
IE  Ireland 6,492 7,065 0 0 12,657 17,545
IL  Israel 16,095 16,223 40,577 44,092 9,843 12,969
IN  India 34,052 37,895 369,962 418,560 12,754 11,849
IQ  Iraq 746 646 0 0 0 0
IR  Iran 11,705 11,550 441,270 528,311 17,495 14,948
IS  Iceland 252 286 4,829 6,097 311 12
IT  Italy 32,028 32,551 1,087,689 1,172,502 384,595 317,528
JM  Jamaica 26 11 3,126 3,301 205 211
JO  Jordan 49 75 5,030 5,707 89 534
JP  Japan 453,816 423,264 791,207 633,020 126,259 107,809
KE  Kenya 372 424 6,943 6,323 160 223
KG  Kyrgyzstan 161 127 1,727 794 0 881
KH  Cambodia 2 11 3,199 0 17 19
KM  Comoros 0 0 62 314 0 0
KP  North Korea 7,418 6,949 0 0 0 0
KR  South Korea 248,550 260,614 377,983 430,411 159,554 134,112
KZ  Kazakhstan 0 1,548 15,642 13,872 0 0
LI  Liechtenstein 1,449 1,416 13,867 17,466 9,004 2,970
LK  Sri Lanka 412 412 7,992 0 606 459
LS  Lesotho 1 0 61 85 0 0
LT  Lithuania 247 325 41,572 44,461 2,669 4,300
LU  Luxembourg 2,727 2,686 104,501 107,591 14,925 13,251
LV  Latvia 177 231 20,559 20,876 1,802 4,030
MA  Morocco 292 340 24,102 26,841 4,269 3,061
MC  Monaco 159 155 27,269 18,984 674 851
MD  Moldova 123 132 5,348 6,052 1,098 426
ME  Montenegro 18 21 1,657 397 1 1
MG  Madagascar 0 9 3,027 2,857 314 235
MK  North Macedonia 0 91 0 0 210 314
ML  Mali 59 73 4,571 3,567 273 206
MN  Mongolia 90 70 11,051 13,661 858 621
MO  Macau 160 35 3,555 3,288 1,551 1,239
MR  Mauritania 0 20 1,931 1,813 18 0
MT  Malta 378 428 56,930 57,529 2,596 6,822
MU  Mauritius 70 116 10,643 9,072 207 105
MX  Mexico 2,535 2,102 143,310 139,748 2,919 1,944
MY  Malaysia 2,141 1,923 32,839 29,689 914 1,224
MZ  Mozambique 23 26 1,693 1,833 41 0
NA  Namibia 20 0 505 524 80 134
NE  Niger 53 136 6,140 1,581 0 17
NG  Nigeria 452 423 14,720 0 2,017 1,124
NL  Netherlands 35,468 32,812 545,286 577,547 127,275 107,954
NO  Norway 6,238 5,982 72,368 63,249 9,174 9,182
NZ  New Zealand 2,177 2,377 47,589 50,816 4,340 6,262
OM  Oman 54 0 11,570 9,288 17 21
PA  Panama 64 82 13,876 14,300 340 116
PE  Peru 182 218 33,097 29,213 147 95
PG  Papua New Guinea 0 0 247 228 0 3
PH  Philippines 674 630 36,624 34,490 1,295 775
PK  Pakistan 411 376 34,007 38,920 523 373
PL  Poland 6,174 6,334 351,557 385,703 131,677 136,327
PT  Portugal 2,150 1,874 146,175 144,368 24,377 22,361
PY  Paraguay 8 16 12,525 12,715 18 31
QA  Qatar 130 210 4,621 5,826 0 0
RO  Romania 1,181 1,157 104,654 109,199 12,178 10,644
RS  Serbia 290 236 13,554 12,927 2,468 1,060
RU  Russia 29,712 30,283 331,213 425,667 10,063 12,379
RW  Rwanda 0 0 870 451 6 6
SA  Saudi Arabia 7,401 9,782 29,501 25,126 624 648
SC  Seychelles 36 53 6,662 4,359 145 64
SD  Sudan 252 163 1,757 1,469 232 244
SE  Sweden 27,772 26,221 324,467 348,289 58,275 55,089
SG  Singapore 7,378 7,946 74,810 78,049 5,152 8,224
SK  Slovakia 569 569 47,147 49,451 5,042 5,833
SL  Sierra Leone 0 0 206 216 0 0
SM  San Marino 66 37 0 0 1,210 587
SN  Senegal 221 239 9,713 9,220 323 561
ST  São Tomé and Príncipe 0 0 15 207 0 0
SV  El Salvador 3 6 5,978 3,609 7 9
SY  Syria 123 82 10,234 11,322 193 449
TD  Chad 0 51 699 529 85 663
TG  Togo 34 85 3,455 4,075 119 102
TH  Thailand 1,810 1,512 47,645 44,563 4,758 5,304
TJ  Tajikistan 105 32 1,305 720 0 0
TN  Tunisia 0 0 0 0 2,253 0
TR  Turkey 10,047 10,110 339,142 425,486 55,561 62,469
TT  Trinidad and Tobago 9 4 1,186 1,136 24 16
TV  Tuvalu 0 0 147 19 0 0
TZ  Tanzania 0 0 1,522 2,101 0 0
UA  Ukraine 2,467 1,710 75,618 59,911 7,661 5,597
UG  Uganda 16 18 1,627 1,593 156 48
US  United States 521,738 496,123 1,867,559 1,877,118 398,535 393,719
UY  Uruguay 0 0 7,659 6,784 0 0
UZ  Uzbekistan 456 379 8,505 8,494 250 152
VC  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 0 0 45 634 0 0
VE  Venezuela 0 0 11,577 8,225 431 27
VN  Vietnam 838 1,133 84,540 83,282 2,569 2,590
WS  Samoa 70 34 1,053 738 43 20
YE  Yemen 63 63 4,685 5,055 47 59
ZA  South Africa 1,517 1,457 35,173 35,323 3,322 2,779
ZM  Zambia 3 21 1,121 2,058 59 124

Patents, trademarks, and industrial design (PCT) applications by Organizations

Top PCT patent applicants 2019 and 2020

The Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) is an international patent law treaty, concluded in 1970. It provides a unified procedure for filing patent applications to protect inventions in each of its contracting states. A patent application filed under the PCT is called an international application, or PCT application.

Top PCT patent applicants 2019 and 2020[15][14][16]
Appplicants Country 2020 Rank 2020 PCT applications 2019 Rank 2019 PCT applications
Huawei  China 1 5464 1 4411
Samsung Electronics  South Korea 2 3093 3 2334
Mitsubishi Electric  Japan 3 2810 2 2661
LG Electronics  South Korea 4 2759 10 1646
Qualcomm  U.S. 5 2173 4 2127
Ericsson  Sweden 6 1989 7 1698
BOE Technology  China 7 1892 6 1864
Oppo  China 8 1801 5 1927
Sony  Japan 9 1793 13 1566
Panasonic  Japan 10 1611 12 1567

Top Madrid trademark applicants (2020 and 2019)

The Madrid System for the International Registration of Marks is a protocol to protect trademarks worldwide, in over 120 countries.[17][18] The Madrid System has a centralized trademark registration system through a single application, in one language and with one set of fees (in one currency, the Swiss franc), protection can be obtained in member states and intergovernmental organizations.[19][20] International registrations can then be modified, renewed or expanded, centrally through WIPO (rather than through each separate IP Office).[21] The Madrid System can only be used by a natural person or a legal entity, which is a national, is domiciled or has a company in the territory of a member of the Madrid System.

Top Madrid trademark applicants (2020 and 2019)[15][14][16]
Applicant Rank 2020 Madrid aplications in 2020 Rank 2019 Madrid applications in 2019
Novartis 1 233 3 129
Huawei 2 197 2 164
Shiseido 3 130 9 70
Adp Gauselmann 4 123 19 39
L'Oreal 5 115 1 193
Nintendo 6 90 26 32
Euro Games Technology 7 84 14 48
Apple 8 80 4 104
Syngenta 9 78 27 30
RIGO Trading SA 10 70 5 102

Hague top applicants in 2020 and 2019

The Hague System for the International Registration of Industrial Designs[22] provides an international mechanism that secures protection of up to 100 designs[22][23] in multiple countries or regions, through a single international application. International design applications are filed directly through WIPO.[24] The domestic legal framework of each designated contracting party governs the design protection provided by the resulting international registrations.[25] The Hague System does not require the applicant to file a national or regional design application.[26]

Hague top applicants in 2020 and 2019[16]
Applicant Rank 2020 Hague applications 2020 Rank 2019 Hague applications 2019
LG Electronics 1 446 1 449
Xiaomi 2 216 3111
Samsung 3 170 2166
Hyundai 4 141 757
Philips 5 95 485
Volkswagen 6 84 573
Hermès 7 68 1527
Daimler 8 65 10 42
Proctor & Gamble 9 57 6 65
Kärcher 10 47 12 35

Controversies

Taiwanese patents

Since Taiwan (ROC) is not a member of the United Nations, the number of patents filed in Taiwan is not reported. The number of patent applications filed with the Taiwan Intellectual Property Office (TIPO) in 2018 was 73,431,[27] which would place it in 6th place worldwide for that year, or 2nd place per capita. In 2014, Bloomberg ranked Taiwan #1 in Patent Activity, using UN data.[28][29] The last WIPO Indicators report to mention the name Taiwan was in 2017, noting the large number of patents by Foxconn.[30][31][32][33]

China has been criticized for its efforts in the UN to reduce the visibility of Taiwan,[34][35] including via WIPO; in 2020 Beijing reportedly retaliated to the failed election of a Chinese director-general of the organization by preventing the Wikimedia Foundation from gaining observer status at the WIPO, on the grounds that Wikimedia has a Taiwan subsidiary.[36][37][38]

References
  1. "World Intellectual Property Indicators". www.wipo.int.
  2. "WIPO IP Statistics Data Center". www3.wipo.int. Retrieved 2021-08-27.
  3. "World Intellectual Property Indicators 2021" (PDF). World Intellectual Property Organization. Retrieved 28 April 2022. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
  4. Office, European Patent. "PATSTAT. Worldwide Patent Statistical Database". www.epo.org. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
  5. "Intellectual Property Statistics". www.wipo.int. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
  6. "Publications: WIPO IP Facts and Figures". www.wipo.int. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
  7. "Statistical Country Profiles". www.wipo.int. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
  8. "Publications: PCT Yearly Review". www.wipo.int. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
  9. "Publications: Madrid Yearly Review". www.wipo.int. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
  10. "Publications: Hague Yearly Review". www.wipo.int. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
  11. "About WIPO's IP Statistics". www.wipo.int. Retrieved 2022-04-27. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
  12. {Cite web |title=World Intellectual Property Indicators 2021 |url=https://www.wipo.int/publications/en/details.jsp?id=4571&plang=EN |access-date=2022-04-27 |website=www.wipo.int |language=en}
  13. {Cite web |title=World Intellectual Property Indicators 2020 |url=https://www.wipo.int/publications/en/details.jsp?id=4526 |access-date=2022-04-27 |website=www.wipo.int |language=en}
  14. {Cite web|title=World Intellectual Property Indicators 2019|url=https://www.wipo.int/publications/en/details.jsp?id=4464%7Caccess-date=2021-08-26%7Cwebsite=www.wipo.int%7Clanguage=en}
  15. World Intellectual Property Organization (2020). World Intellectual Property Indicators 2020. www.wipo.int. World IP Indicators (WIPI). World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). doi:10.34667/tind.42184. ISBN 9789280532012. Retrieved 2021-08-26.
  16. "World Intellectual Property Indicators 2019" (PDF). WIPO. World Intellectual Property Organization.
  17. "Madrid System". International Trademark Association. Retrieved 2021-09-15.
  18. "WIPO | Madrid – The International Trademark System". www.wipo.int. Retrieved 2021-09-15.
  19. "International trademarks: Is the Madrid System right for you? | Novagraaf". www.novagraaf.com. Retrieved 2021-09-15.
  20. Australia, I. P. (2016-03-18). "Getting an international trade mark". www.ipaustralia.gov.au. Retrieved 2021-09-15.
  21. The Madrid Protocol (PDF). ARISE+ ASEAN Intellectual Proprty Rights.
  22. "Hague – The International Design System". www.wipo.int. Retrieved 2021-12-30.
  23. Research Handbook on Design Law. 2021-05-18. ISBN 978-1-78195-588-8.
  24. "WIPO Lex". wipolex.wipo.int. Retrieved 2021-12-30.
  25. "Hague System Member Profiles". www.wipo.int. Retrieved 2021-12-30.
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  28. Lu, Wei; Chan, Marcus (6 August 2017). "In Global Innovation Race, Taiwan Is Tops in Patents, Israel Leads in R&D - Bloomberg". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on 2017-08-06. Retrieved 18 September 2021.
  29. "MOST INNOVATIVE IN THE WORLD 2014: COUNTRIES" (PDF). Bloomberg. 13 March 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-13.
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  31. "World Intellectual Property Indicators 2018" (PDF). WIPO. World Intellectual Property Organization.
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  33. "World Intellectual Property Indicators 2020" (PDF). WIPO. World Intellectual Property Organization.
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  35. Lee, Kristine. "It's Not Just the WHO: How China Is Moving on the Whole U.N." POLITICO. Politico. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
  36. Glosserman, Brad (9 March 2020). "China loses a skirmish in fight for global influence". The Japan Times. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
  37. Hui, Mary (25 September 2020). "Beijing blocked Wikimedia from a UN agency because of "Taiwan-related issues"". Quartz. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
  38. Magnier, Mark (30 September 2020). "Beijing blocks Wikipedia from UN agency to resist 'Western values': analysts". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
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