Travel requirements for German citizens

Visa requirements for German citizens are public health and administrative entry restrictions by the authorities of other states placed on citizens of Germany.

A German passport
A German identity card is valid for travel to most European countries

Visa requirements

As of January 2022, German citizens had visa-free or visa on arrival access to 190 countries and territories, ranking the German passport 2nd in terms of travel freedom (tied with the passport of South Korea), and highest of all the European Union member states, according to the Henley Passport Index.[1]

Visa requirements map
Visa requirements for German citizens holding ordinary passports
  Germany / Right of abode
  Freedom of movement
  Passport not required / ID card travel
  Visa not required / ESTA[2] / eTA[3]
  Visa on arrival
  eVisa / NZeTA / ETA[4] / eVisitor / EASE[5]
  Visa available both on arrival or online
  Visa required prior to arrival

List of countries
Country Visa requirement Allowed stay Notes (excluding departure fees) Reciprocity
 Afghanistan Visa required[6] ✓
 Albania Visa not required[7] 90 days ✓
 Algeria Visa required[8] ✓
 Andorra Visa not required[9] 90 days[10] ✓
 Angola eVisa[11][12] 30 days
  • Visitors who have been granted an online pre-visa or have requested a pre-visa from an Angolan consulate abroad are issued a visa upon arrival at the country's border crossings.
  • Maximum total stay of 90 days within a one-year period.[13]
  • Visitors must have a return/onward ticket and a hotel reservation confirmation.[14]
 X
 Antigua and Barbuda Visa not required[15] 6 months[16] ✓
 Argentina Visa not required[17] 90 days ✓
 Armenia Visa not required[18] 180 days X
 Australia eVisitor[19] 90 days
  • 90 days on each visit in 12-month period if granted
 ✓
 Austria Freedom of movement[20] Unlimited stay ✓
 Azerbaijan eVisa[21] 30 days[22] X
 Bahamas Visa not required[23] 3 months[24] ✓
 Bahrain eVisa / Visa on arrival[25] 14 days X
 Bangladesh Visa on arrival[26] 30 days X
 Barbados Visa not required[27] 3 months[28] ✓
 Belarus Visa not required[29]

30 days

 X
 Belgium Freedom of movement[30] Unlimited stay ✓
 Belize Visa not required[31] 30 days[32] X
 Benin eVisa / Visa on arrival[33][34] 30 days / 8 days
  • Must have an international vaccination certificate.
 X
 Bhutan Visa required[35]
  • Pre-approved visa can be picked up on arrival.
 ✓
 Bolivia Visa not required[36] 90 days X
 Bosnia and Herzegovina Visa not required[37] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 6-month period
  • ID card valid
 ✓
 Botswana Visa not required[38] 90 days
  • 90 days within any-year period
 X
 Brazil Visa not required[39] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 ✓
 Brunei Visa not required[40] 90 days ✓
 Bulgaria Freedom of movement[41] Unlimited stay ✓
 Burkina Faso Visa on arrival[42] 3 months[43] X
 Burundi Visa required[44] ✓
 Cambodia eVisa / Visa on arrival[45] 30 days
  • Visa is also obtainable online.[46]
 X
 Cameroon Visa required[47]
  • Pre-approved visa can be picked up on arrival.
 ✓
 Canada Visa not required[48] 6 months ✓
 Cape Verde Visa not required[51] 30 days
  • Must register online at least five days prior to arrival.[5]
 X
 Central African Republic Visa required[52] ✓
 Chad Visa required[53] ✓
 Chile Visa not required[54] 90 days ✓
 China Visa required[55] ✓
 Colombia Visa not required[58] 180 days
  • 90 days – extendable up to 180-days stay within a one-year period
 ✓
 Comoros Visa on arrival[59] 45 days X
 Republic of the Congo Visa required[60]
  • Visa not required if Passengers with a V.I.P invitation letter.
 ✓
 Democratic Republic of the Congo Visa required[61] ✓
 Costa Rica Visa not required[62] 90 days ✓
 Côte d'Ivoire eVisa[63] 3 months X
 Croatia Freedom of movement[64] Unlimited stay ✓
 Cuba Tourist Card required[65] 60 days[66]
  • 30 days – extendable up to 60-days stay
 ✓
 Cyprus Freedom of movement[67] Unlimited sta ✓
 Czech Republic Freedom of movement[68] Unlimited stay ✓
 Denmark Freedom of movement[69] (in mainland Denmark) Unlimited stay ✓
 Djibouti eVisa[70] 31 days X
 Dominica Visa not required[71] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 ✓
 Dominican Republic Visa not required[72] 90 days X
 Ecuador Visa not required[73] 90 days[74] X
 Egypt eVisa / Visa on arrival[75][76] 30 days
  • ID card valid, passport type photo is required on arrival[77]
 X
 El Salvador Visa not required[78] 3 months ✓
 Equatorial Guinea Visa required[79] ✓
 Eritrea Visa required[80]
  • Pre-approved visa can be picked up on arrival.
 ✓
 Estonia Freedom of movement[81] Unlimited stay ✓
 Eswatini Visa not required[82] 30 days X
 Ethiopia eVisa / Visa on arrival[83] up to 90 days X
 Fiji Visa not required[86] 4 months X
 Finland Freedom of movement[87] Unlimited stay ✓
 France Freedom of movement[88] Unlimited stay ✓
 Gabon eVisa / Visa on arrival[89] 90 days X
 Gambia Visa not required[91] 90 days X
 Georgia Visa not required[92] 1 year ✓
 Ghana Visa required[93]
  • Pre-approved visa can be picked up on arrival.
 ✓
 Greece Freedom of movement[94] Unlimited stay ✓
 Grenada ETA[95] 3 months ✓
 Guatemala Visa not required[96] 90 days ✓
 Guinea eVisa[97] 90 days X
 Guinea-Bissau eVisa / Visa on arrival[98] 90 days X
 Guyana Visa not required[99] 3 months X
 Haiti Visa not required[100] 90 days X
 Honduras Visa not required[101] 3 months ✓
 Hungary Freedom of movement[102] Unlimited stay ✓
 Iceland Freedom of movement[103] Unlimited stay ✓
 India eVisa[104] 60 days
  • e-Visa holders must arrive via 26 designated airports[Note 1] or 3 designated seaports.[Note 2][105]
  • An Indian e-Tourist Visa can only be obtained twice in one calendar year.

Former Indian citizens with OCI card elligble for unlimited travel and stay.

 X
 Indonesia Visa not required[106] 30 days X
 Iran eVisa[107] 30 days[108]
  • Passengers who have already made an application, at least two days before arrival, at the Iranian Ministry of Foreign Affair's E-Visa website[109] and present the submission notification at the airport's visa desk may obtain a visa on arrival.[110]
 X
 Iraq Visa on arrival[111] 60 days
  • Visa not required for up to 30 days to Iraqi Kurdistan.
  • On the 15th of March 2021 the Iraqi government lifted pre-arrival visa requirements, allowing EU citizens to apply for visa on arrival in any entry point.[112]
 X
 Ireland Freedom of movement[113] Unlimited stay ✓
 Israel Visa not required[114] 3 months
  • 3 months for tourism only.[115]
  • German citizens born before January 1, 1928 need a visa which will be issued for free if one was not a member of the Nazi party or involved in crimes committed during the time of Nazi Germany.
 ✓
 Italy Freedom of movement[116] Unlimited stay ✓
 Jamaica Visa not required[117] 90 days X
 Japan Visa not required[118] 90 days
  • Extendable once.
 ✓
 Jordan Visa on arrival[119] 2 months X
 Kazakhstan Visa not required[121] 30 days[122] X
 Kenya eVisa[123] 3 months X
 Kiribati Visa not required[124] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 ✓
 North Korea Visa required[125] ✓
 South Korea ETA[126] 90 days ✓
 Kuwait eVisa / Visa on arrival[127] 3 months X
 Kyrgyzstan Visa not required[128] 60 days X
 Laos eVisa / Visa on arrival[129][130] 30 days
  • Visa on arrival is available at Luangphabang, Pakse, Savannakhet and Vientiane international airports, the 4 Thai-Lao Friendship Bridges,[Note 3] 13 border crossings,[Note 4] and Tanalaeng train station in Vientiane.[131] Visa on arrival facilities will be gradually phased out starting in January 2020.[132]
  • eVisa may be used to enter Laos through Wattay International Airport and the First Thai–Lao Friendship Bridge
  • The Lalai, Lantui, Meuang mom, Pakxan, and Phoudou border crossings are open only to visa holders.
  • Visa on arrival is extendable up to 60 days.
 X
 Latvia Freedom of movement[133] Unlimited stay ✓
 Lebanon Visa on arrival[134] 1 month
  • Extendable for 2 additional months
  • Granted free of charge at Beirut International Airport or any other port of entry if there is no Israeli visa or seal, holding a telephone number, an address in Lebanon, and a non refundable return or circle trip ticket.
 X
 Lesotho Visa not required[135] 14 days X
 Liberia Visa required[136]
  • Pre-approved visa can be picked up on arrival.
 ✓
 Libya Visa required[137]
  • Pre-approved visa can be picked up on arrival.
 ✓
 Liechtenstein Freedom of movement[138] Unlimited stay ✓
 Lithuania Freedom of movement[139] Unlimited stay ✓
 Luxembourg Freedom of movement[140] Unlimited stay ✓
 Madagascar eVisa / Visa on arrival[141] 90 days X
 Malawi eVisa / Visa on arrival[142][143] 90 days[144] X
 Malaysia Visa not required[145] 3 months ✓
 Maldives Visa on arrival[146] 30 days X
 Mali Visa required[147] ✓
 Malta Freedom of movement[148] Unlimited stay ✓
 Marshall Islands Visa not required[149] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 ✓
 Mauritania Visa on arrival[150] 30 days[151] X
 Mauritius Visa not required[152] 90 days ✓
 Mexico Visa not required[153] 180 days ✓
 Micronesia Visa not required[154] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 X
 Moldova Visa not required[155] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
  • ID card valid
 ✓
 Monaco Visa not required[156] 90 days[157] ✓
 Mongolia Visa not required[158] 30 days X
 Montenegro Visa not required[159] 90 days ✓
 Morocco Visa not required[160] 90 days X
 Mozambique Visa on arrival[161] 30 days[162] X
 Myanmar eVisa / Visa on arrival[163] 28 days X
 Namibia Visa not required[164] 3 months
  • 3 months within a calendar year
 X
 Nauru Visa required[165] ✓
   Nepal Visa on arrival[166] 90 days X
 Netherlands Freedom of movement (European Netherlands)[167] Unlimited stay ✓
 New Zealand Electronic Travel Authority[168] 3 months
  • May enter using eGate.[169]
  • International Visitor Conservation and Tourism Levy must be paid upon requesting an Electronic Travel Authority.[170]
  • Holders of an Australian Permanent Resident Visa or Resident Return Visa may be granted a New Zealand Resident Visa on arrival permitting indefinite stay (pursuant to the Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement), subject to meeting character requirements and obtaining an Electronic Travel Authority prior to departure.[171] Such travellers are not required to pay the International Visitor Conservation and Tourism Levy.[170]
 X
 Nicaragua Visa not required[172] 90 days ✓
 Niger Visa required[173] ✓
 Nigeria eVisa[174] 90 days[175][176]
  • Holders of written e-Visa approval issued by the Immigration Authority can obtain a visa on arrival, provided they hold a visa application form and e-Visa application payment receipt and have an invitation letter from a Nigerian company accepting immigration responsibilities.[177]
 X
 North Macedonia Visa not required[178] 90 days ✓
 Norway Freedom of movement[179] Unlimited stay ✓
 Oman Visa not required[180] 14 days
  • evisa is valid for 30 days is also available.
  • Holders of diplomatic or official passports is up to 90 days.
 X
 Pakistan eVisa / ETA[181] 30 days
  • Online Visa eligible.[182]
  • ETA required to obtain a visa on arrival for business purposes.[183]
  • ETA required to obtain a visa on arrival for tourism purposes.[183]
 X
 Palau Visa not required[184] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 ✓
 Panama Visa not required[185] 180 days ✓
 Papua New Guinea eVisa / Free visa on arrival[186] 60 days X
 Paraguay Visa not required[187] 90 days ✓
 Peru Visa not required[188] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 6-month period[189]
 ✓
 Philippines Visa not required[190] 30 days X
 Poland Freedom of movement[191] Unlimited stay ✓
 Portugal Freedom of movement[192] Unlimited stay ✓
 Qatar Visa not required[193] 90 days X
 Romania Freedom of movement[194] Unlimited stay ✓
 Russia eVisa[195] 16 days
  • e-Visa holders must arrive and departure via 29 checkpoints[196]
  • Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the issuance of Russian electronic visas has been suspended since 18 March 2020 and has not been resumed yet.[197]
 X
 Rwanda eVisa / Visa on arrival[198][199] 30 days X
 Saint Kitts and Nevis Visa not required[200] 3 months ✓
 Saint Lucia Visa not required[201] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 ✓
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Visa not required[202] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 ✓
 Samoa Visa not required[203] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 ✓
 San Marino Visa not required[204] 3 months[205] ✓
 São Tomé and Príncipe Visa not required[206] 15 days X
 Saudi Arabia eVisa / Visa on arrival[207][208] 90 days X
 Senegal Visa not required[209] 90 days X
 Serbia Visa not required[210] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 6-month period
  • ID card valid
 ✓
 Seychelles Visa not required[211] 3 months ✓
 Sierra Leone eVisa / Visa on arrival[212] 30 days[213] X
 Singapore Visa not required[214] 90 days ✓
 Slovakia Freedom of movement[215] Unlimited stay ✓
 Slovenia Freedom of movement[216] Unlimited stay ✓
 Solomon Islands Visa not required[217] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 ✓
 Somalia Visa on arrival[218] 30 days X
 South Africa Visa not required[219] 90 days X
 South Sudan Electronic Visa[220] 6 months[220]
  • Obtainable online[221]
  • Printed visa authorization must be presented at the time of travel[221]
 X
 Spain Freedom of movement[222] Unlimited stay ✓
 Sri Lanka ETA[223] 30 days
  • Visa on arrival with ETA
 X
 Sudan Visa required[224] ✓
 Suriname E-tourist card[225] 90 days
  • Multiple entry eVisa is also available.[226]
 X
 Sweden Freedom of movement[227] Unlimited stay ✓
  Switzerland Freedom of movement[228] Unlimited stay ✓
 Syria Visa required[229] ✓
 Tajikistan Visa not required[230] 30 days X
 Tanzania eVisa / Visa on arrival[231][232] 3 months X
 Thailand Visa not required[233] 30 days
  • Maximum two visits annually if not arriving by air
 X
 Timor-Leste Visa not required[234] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 ✓
 Togo Visa on arrival[235] 7 days X
 Tonga Visa not required[236] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 ✓
 Trinidad and Tobago Visa not required[237] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 ✓
 Tunisia Visa not required[238] 4 months X
 Turkey Visa not required[239] 3 months
  • ID card valid[240]
  • Former Turkish citizens with a Turkish "Blue Card" (Mavi Kart): Freedom of movement.[241]
 X
 Turkmenistan Visa required[242]
  • Pre-approved visa can be picked up on arrival.
 ✓
 Tuvalu Visa not required[243] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 ✓
 Uganda eVisa / Visa on arrival[244] 24 months[245] X
 Ukraine Visa not required[247] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 ✓
 United Arab Emirates Visa not required[248] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 ✓
 United Kingdom Visa not required[249] 6 months ✓
 United States Visa Waiver Program[250] 90 days
  • On arrival from overseas; ESTA (valid for 2 years when issued) required if arriving by air or cruise ship.[251]
 ✓
 Uruguay Visa not required[252] 90 days ✓
 Uzbekistan Visa not required[253][254][255] 30 days X
 Vanuatu Visa not required[256] 90 days
  • 90 days within any 180 day period
 ✓
  Vatican City Visa not required[257] 1 day[258] ✓
 Venezuela Visa not required[259] 90 days ✓
 Vietnam Visa not required[260] 15 days
  • A single entry eVisa valid for 30 days is also available.[261]
  • Without visa, 30 days need to pass between exit and re-entry.
 X
 Yemen Visa required[262] ✓
 Zambia eVisa / Visa on arrival[263] 90 days
  • Also eligible for a universal visa allowing access to Zimbabwe.
 X
 Zimbabwe eVisa / Visa on arrival[264] 3 months
  • Also eligible for a universal visa allowing access to Zambia.
 X

List of territories, disputed areas or restricted zones

Visa requirements for German citizens for visits to various territories, disputed areas, partially recognized countries and restricted zones:

Visitor toVisa requirementAllowed stayNotes (excluding departure fees)
Europe
 Abkhazia Visa required[265]
Mount Athos Special permit required 4 days Special permit required (25 euro for Orthodox visitors, 35 euro for non-Orthodox visitors, 18 euro for students). There is a visitors' quota: maximum 100 Orthodox and 10 non-Orthodox per day and women are not allowed.[266][267]
Brest and Grodno Visa not required Visa-free for 10 days[268]
 Republic of Crimea eVisa[196] 16 days eVisa issued by Russia is required.[269]
 Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus Visa not required 3 months[270][271]
UN Buffer Zone in Cyprus Access Permit required[272] Access Permit is required for travelling inside the zone, except Civil Use Areas.
 Donetsk People's Republic Russian multiple entry visa required According to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs[273] of the DPR, foreigners can only access the Donetsk People's Republic through international checkpoints located on the border with Russia.[274] As arrivals through those uncontrolled checkpoints are against Ukrainian law, visitors will not be able to proceed further into Ukraine.[275]
 Faroe Islands Visa not required[69]
 Gibraltar Visa not required[276]
  • 6 months from January 2021
 Guernsey Visa not required[277]
  • 6 months from January 2021
 Isle of Man Visa not required[278]
  • 6 months from January 2021
Jan Mayen Permit required Permit issued by the local police required for staying for less than 24 hours[279] and permit issued by the Norwegian police for staying for more than 24 hours.[280]
 Jersey Visa not required[281]
  • 6 months from January 2021
 Kosovo[lower-alpha 1] Visa not required[7] 90 days[282]
 Lugansk People's Republic Russian multiple entry visa required Arrival through checkpoints on uncontrolled part of Russia–Ukraine border are against Ukrainian law, visitors will not be able to proceed further into Ukraine.[283]
 Nagorno-Karabakh Republic Visa required[284][285] Travellers with Nagorno-Karabakh visa (expired or valid) or evidence of travel to Nagorno-Karabakh (stamps) will be permanently denied entry to Azerbaijan.[286]
 Russia Special authorization required Several closed cities and regions in Russia require special authorization.[287]
 South Ossetia Russian multiple entry visa required Multiple entry visa to Russia and three-day prior notification are required to enter South Ossetia.[288][289]
 Transnistria Visa not required Registration required after 24h.[290][291]
Africa
 British Indian Ocean Territory Special permit required Special permit required.[292]
 Canary Islands Freedom of movement Unlimited stay
 Eritrea outside Asmara Travel permit required To travel in the rest of the country, a Travel Permit for Foreigners is required (20 Eritrean nakfa).[293]
 Madeira Freedom of movement Unlimited stay
 Mayotte Freedom of movement Unlimited stay[294]
 Ascension Island eVisa[295][296]
  • 3 months within any year period
 Réunion Freedom of movement Unlimited stay[294]
 Saint Helena Visitor's Pass required Visitor's Pass granted on arrival valid for 4/10/21/60/90 days for 12/14/16/20/25 pound sterling.[297]
 Tristan da Cunha Permission required Permission to land required for 15/30 pounds sterling (yacht/ship passenger) for Tristan da Cunha Island or 20 pounds sterling for Gough Island, Inaccessible Island or Nightingale Islands.[298]
 Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Visa not required 90 days Same visa regime as Morocco.
 Somaliland Visa on arrival 30 days for 30 US dollars, payable on arrival.[299][300]
 Sudan Travel permit required All foreigners traveling more than 25 kilometers outside of Khartoum must obtain a travel permit.
Darfur Travel permit required Separate travel permit is required.[301]
Asia
Hainan Visa not required 30 days Individual tourists need to select a tour agency and inform them their schedule.[302][303]
 Hong Kong Visa not required 90 days[304]
 India PAP/RAP PAP/RAP required Protected Area Permit (PAP) required for whole states of Nagaland and Sikkim and parts of states Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh. Restricted Area Permit (RAP) required for all of Andaman and Nicobar Islands and parts of Sikkim. Some of these requirements are occasionally lifted for a year.[305][306][307][308][309][310]
 Iraqi Kurdistan Visa on arrival 15 days Visa on arrival is available at Erbil and Sulaymaniyah airports.[311]
 Kazakhstan Special permission required Special permission required for the town of Baikonur and surrounding areas in Kyzylorda Oblast, and the town of Gvardeyskiy near Almaty.[312]
Kish Island Visa not required Visitors to Kish Island do not require a visa.[313]
 Macao Visa not required 90 days[314]
Sabah and Sarawak Visa not required These states have their own immigration authorities and passport is required to travel to them, however the same visa applies.[315]
Maldives Permission required With the exception of the capital Malé, tourists are generally prohibited from visiting non-resort islands without the express permission of the Government of Maldives.[316]
 North Korea outside Pyongyang Special permit required People are not allowed to leave the capital city, tourists can only leave the capital with a governmental tourist guide (no independent moving)
 Palestine Visa not required[317] Arrival by sea to Gaza Strip not allowed.[318]
 Taiwan Visa not required 90 days[319]
Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province OVIR permit required OVIR permit required, can be obtained with e-visa application for an additional $20. Locally it may be obtained for 15+5 Tajikistani Somoni. Another special permit (free of charge) is required for Lake Sarez.[320][321][322]
Tibet Autonomous Region TTP required Tibet Travel Permit required (10 US Dollars).[323][324][325]
 Turkmenistan Special permit required A special permit, issued prior to arrival by Ministry of Foreign Affairs, is required if visiting the following places: Atamurat, Cheleken, Dashoguz, Serakhs and Serhetabat.[326]
Korean Demilitarized Zone Restricted zone.
UNDOF Zone and Ghajar Restricted zone.
Phú Quốc Visa not required 30 days[327]
 Yemen Special permission required Special permission needed for travel outside Sana’a or Aden.[328]
Caribbean and North Atlantic
 Açores Freedom of movement Unlimited stay
 Anguilla Visa not required 3 months[329]
 Aruba Visa not required 30 days, extendable to 180 days[330][331]
 Bermuda Visa not required Up to 6 months, decided on arrival.[332]
Bonaire, St. Eustatius and Saba Visa not required 3 months[333][334]
 British Virgin Islands Visa not required 30 days, extensions possible[335]
 Cayman Islands Visa not required 6 months[336]
San Andrés and Leticia Tourist Card on arrival Visitors arriving at Gustavo Rojas Pinilla International Airport and Alfredo Vásquez Cobo International Airport must buy tourist cards on arrival.[337]
 Curacao Visa not required 3 months[338]
 Greenland Visa not required[69] ID card valid (de facto)
 Guadeloupe Freedom of movement Unlimited stay[294]
Margarita Island Visa not required All visitors are fingerprinted.[339]
 Montserrat Visa not required 6 months[340][341]
 Puerto Rico Visa Waiver Program[342] 90 days on arrival from overseas for 2 years ESTA required
 Saint Pierre and Miquelon Visa not required
 Sint Maarten Visa not required 3 months[343][344]
 Turks and Caicos Islands Visa not required 90 days[345]
 U.S. Virgin Islands Visa Waiver Program[346] 90 days on arrival from overseas for 2 years ESTA required
Oceania
 American Samoa Electronic authorization[347] 30 days
Ashmore and Cartier Islands Special authorisation required Special authorisation required.[348]
Clipperton Island Special permit required Special permit required.[349]
 Cook Islands Visa not required 31 days[350]
Lau Province Special permission required Special permission required.[351]
 Guam Visa Waiver Program[352] 90 days on arrival from overseas for 2 years ESTA required
 New Caledonia Visa not required
 Niue Visa on arrival 30 days[353]
 Northern Mariana Islands Visa not required[354] Visa not required under the Visa Waiver Program, for 90 days on arrival from overseas for 2 years. ESTA required.
 Pitcairn Islands Visa not required 14 days Landing fee US$35 or tax of US$5 if not going ashore.[355][356][357]
 French Polynesia Visa not required
United States Minor Outlying Islands Special permits required Special permits required for Baker Island, Howland Island, Jarvis Island, Johnston Atoll, Kingman Reef, Midway Atoll, Palmyra Atoll and Wake Island.[358][359][360][361][362][363][364]
 Wallis and Futuna Visa not required
South America
 French Guiana Freedom of movement Unlimited stay[294]
Galápagos Pre-registration required Online pre-registration is required. Transit Control Card must also be obtained at the airport prior to departure.[365]
South Atlantic and Antarctica
 Falkland Islands Visa not required Visa is not required.[366]
 South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Permit required Pre-arrival permit from the Commissioner required (72 hours/1 month for 110/160 pounds sterling).[367][368]
Antarctica Special permits required for  British Antarctic Territory,  French Southern and Antarctic Lands,  Argentine Antarctica, Australian Antarctic Territory, Chilean Antarctic Territory, Heard Island and McDonald Islands, Peter I Island, Queen Maud Land, Ross Dependency.[369][370][371][372][373][374][375][376][377][378][379]

History

Visa requirements for German citizens were lifted by Oman (9 December 2020, previously visa on arrival),[380] Uzbekistan (15 January 2019),[255] Cape Verde (1 January 2019),[51] Belarus (February 2017),[381] Solomon Islands (October 2016),[382] Tuvalu (July 2016),[383] Marshall Islands (June 2016),[384] Palau (December 2015),[385] Tonga (November 2015),[236] São Tomé and Príncipe (August 2015),[386] Vietnam (July 2015-June 30, 2021 at least),[387] Indonesia (June 2015),[388][389] United Arab Emirates, Timor-Leste, Samoa (May 2015),[390][391][392][393] Kazakhstan (July 2014),[394] Mongolia (September 2013)[395] and Kyrgyzstan (July 2012).[396]

German citizens were made eligible for eVisas by Russia (January 2021, suspended during COVID-19 pandemic, previously only Kaliningrad and Far East),[397] Guinea and Malawi (October 2019), Saudi Arabia (September 2019), Suriname and Pakistan (April 2019), Tanzania and Papua New Guinea (November 2018),[398] Angola (March 2018), Djibouti (February 2018),[399] Egypt (December 2017),[400] Azerbaijan (January 2017),[401] Tajikistan (June 2016),[402][403] India (e-Tourist visa from November 2014)[404] and Myanmar (September 2014).[405]

Vaccination requirements
Main article: Vaccination requirements for international travel

Vaccination requirements map

Certain countries and territories require travellers arriving from Germany to be vaccinated against specific diseases. This is a map of vaccination requirements for German citizens and residents arriving directly from the Schengen area, excluding those arriving from third countries.

Vaccination requirements for travellers arriving from Germany
  Quadrivalent meningococcal vaccination (ACYW135) required
  Polio vaccination required
  Yellow fever vaccination required
  Vaccination not required

Quadrivalent meningococcal vaccination (ACYW135)
Main article: Meningococcal vaccine § Travel requirements
Meningococcal vaccination requirements for international travel[406]
Country or territory Details
 Gambia All travellers must show proof of vaccination with quadrivalent meningococcal vaccine (ACYW135) upon arrival.[407]
 Indonesia Travellers arriving from or departing to Saudi Arabia must show proof of vaccination with quadrivalent ACYW-135.[408]
 Lebanon Proof of vaccination with quadrivalent ACYW-135 is required for travellers departing Lebanon and going to Hajj, Umrah, and to certain African countries.[409]
 Libya All travellers must show proof of vaccination with quadrivalent ACYW-135 upon arrival.[410]
 Philippines Proof of vaccination with quadrivalent ACYW-135 is required for travellers going to Hajj and Umrah (in Saudi Arabia).[411]
 Saudi Arabia
  • Proof of vaccination is required for travellers 2 years of age and older who are Hajj or Umrah pilgrims and seasonal or pilgrim workers in Hajj and Umrah areas. Vaccination with quadrivalent ACYW135 (either polysaccharide or conjugate) must be issued not less than 10 days before arrival and not more than 3 years (polysaccharide vaccine) or 5 years (conjugate vaccine) before arrival. The immunisation certificate should clearly state if the traveller was vaccinated with the conjugate vaccine for the 5-year validity to apply.[412]
  • Vaccination is also required for domestic pilgrims, residents of Mecca and Medina, and any persons participating in Hajj or Umrah or seasonal or pilgrimage work in Hajj and Umrah zones. At the discretion of the Ministry of Health, travellers may be administered prophylactic antibiotics upon arrival.[412]

Polio vaccination
Main article: Polio vaccine § Travel requirements
Polio vaccination requirements for international travel[406]
Country Details
 Afghanistan Travellers from polio-endemic countries (Pakistan) need Carte Jaune proof of polio vaccination (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure) upon arrival. Residents and ALL travellers staying in Afghanistan longer than 4 weeks need proof of polio vaccination (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure) when departing from Afghanistan.[406][413]
 Belize Travellers from Afghanistan and Pakistan need Carte Jaune proof of OPV or IPV vaccination (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure) upon arrival. Belize residents travelling countries with confirmed polio cases also need proof of vaccination.[414]
 Brunei Travellers from polio-exporting countries need Carte Jaune proof of OPV or IPV vaccination (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure) upon arrival.[415]
 Egypt Travellers from Afghanistan, Angola, Benin, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, China, Congo-Kinshasa, Ethiopia, Ghana, Indonesia, Kenya, Mozambique, Myanmar, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, and Somalia need Carte Jaune proof of OPV or IPV vaccination (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure) upon arrival.[416]
 Georgia Travellers from at-risk countries need Carte Jaune proof of OPV or IPV vaccination (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure) upon arrival. Travellers without proof are offered OPV vaccination upon arrival.[417]
 India Travellers from Afghanistan, Congo-Kinshasa, Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, Pakistan, Somalia, and Syria need Carte Jaune proof of OPV or IPV vaccination (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure) upon arrival.[418]
 Iran Travellers from Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Nigeria need Carte Jaune proof of OPV or IPV vaccination (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure) upon arrival. Travellers without proof will be vaccinated upon arrival.[419]
 Iraq Travellers aged 15+ from Afghanistan and Pakistan need Carte Jaune proof of OPV or IPV vaccination (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure) upon arrival; children under age 15 must have received three doses of polio vaccine before travel. Travellers without proof will be vaccinated upon arrival. Travellers departing Iraq to Afghanistan and Pakistan must also provide proof of vaccination upon departure.[420]
 Jordan Travellers from Afghanistan and Pakistan need Carte Jaune proof of OPV or IPV vaccination (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure) upon arrival.[421]
 Lebanon Travellers from and to polio-affected countries need Carte Jaune proof of OPV or IPV vaccination (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure) upon arrival.[422]
 Libya Travellers from Afghanistan and Pakistan need Carte Jaune proof of OPV or IPV vaccination (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure) upon arrival.[423]
 Maldives Travellers from and to polio-exporting countries, as well as Hajj and Umrah pilgrims, need Carte Jaune proof of OPV or IPV vaccination (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure) upon arrival.[424]
 Morocco Travellers from polio-affected countries need Carte Jaune proof of OPV or IPV vaccination (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure) upon arrival.[425]
   Nepal Travellers from Afghanistan, Kenya, Nigeria, Pakistan, and Papua New Guinea need Carte Jaune proof of OPV or IPV vaccination (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure) upon arrival.[426]
 Oman Travellers from polio-exporting countries need Carte Jaune proof of OPV or IPV vaccination (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure) upon arrival.[427]
 Pakistan Travellers from ALL countries planning to stay in Pakistan for more than 4 weeks need Carte Jaune proof of OPV vaccination upon arrival. Residents and ALL travellers staying in Pakistan longer than 4 weeks need proof of OPV vaccination when departing from Pakistan.[406][428]
 Philippines Travellers from or to high-risk countries need Carte Jaune proof of polio vaccination upon arrival or before departure, respectively.[406] Due to an ongoing local VDPV2 outbreak, the government recommends all others travellers to consider getting a polio vaccine or booster dose, depending on their situation.[429]
 Qatar Travellers from polio-exporting countries (identified by Qatar as: Afghanistan, Nigeria, Pakistan and Philippines) need Carte Jaune proof of OPV or IPV vaccination (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure) upon arrival.[430]
 Saint Kitts and Nevis Travellers from polio-endemic countries as identified by WHO (Afghanistan and Pakistan) need Carte Jaune proof of OPV or IPV vaccination (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure) upon arrival.[406][431]
 Saudi Arabia Travellers from active-transmission (including wild or vaccine-derived poliovirus) and at-risk countries, as well as all travellers from Afghanistan, Congo-Kinshasa, Mozambique, Myanmar, Niger, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Somalia, Syria, and Yemen, need Carte Jaune proof of OPV or IPV vaccination (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure) upon arrival. Regardless of immunisation status, all travellers from Afghanistan, Myanmar, Nigeria, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Somalia, Syria, and Yemen will be given an Oral Polio Vaccine dose upon arrival.[432]
 Seychelles Travellers from countries with polio outbreaks need Carte Jaune proof of OPV or IPV vaccination (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure) upon arrival.[433]
 Syria Travellers from Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, and Pakistan need Carte Jaune proof of OPV or IPV vaccination (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure) upon arrival. ALL Syria residents departing Syria to any country also need proof of vaccination.[434]
 Ukraine Long-term visitors departing to states with wild or circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus transmission should present Carte Jaune proof of vaccination with at least one dose of bivalent OPV or IPV (received between 4 weeks and 12 months before departure). Persons obliged to undertake urgent international travel must be immunised with a single dose of polio vaccine before their departure.[406] There is also risk of poliovirus transmission inside Ukraine itself, and travellers to Ukraine are recommended to be up to date with their polio vaccination before entry.[435]

Yellow fever vaccination
Main article: Yellow fever vaccine § Travel requirements
Yellow fever vaccination requirements for international travel (July 2019)[406]
Country or territory Status Vaccination required for travellers coming from Traveller age
 Albania No risk Risk countries 1 year or older
 Algeria No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
 Angola Risk country All countries 9 months or older
 Antigua and Barbuda No risk Risk countries 1 year or older
 Argentina Risk provinces:
Misiones, Corrientes		 No[note 2] –
 Aruba No risk Risk countries[note 1] 9 months or older
 Australia No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
 Bahamas No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
 Bahrain No risk Risk countries[note 1] 9 months or older
 Bangladesh No risk Risk countries[note 3] 1 year or older
 Barbados No risk Risk countries 1 year or older
 Belize No risk Risk countries[note 3] 1 year or older
 Benin Risk country Risk countries[note 3] 1 year or older
 Bolivia Risk country Risk countries 1 year or older
 Bonaire No risk Risk countries[note 1] 9 months or older
 Botswana No risk Risk countries[note 3] 1 year or older
 Brazil Risk country No[note 2] –
 Brunei No risk Risk countries[note 1] 9 months or older
 Burkina Faso Risk country Risk countries[note 3] 9 months or older
 Burundi Risk country Risk countries[note 3] 9 months or older
 Cabo Verde No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
 Cambodia No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
 Cameroon Risk country All countries 9 months or older
 Central African Republic Risk country All countries 9 months or older
 Chad Risk country All countries 9 months or older
 China No risk Risk countries[note 3] 9 months or older
 Christmas Island No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
 Colombia Risk country Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
 Congo-Brazzaville Risk country All countries 9 months or older
 Congo-Kinshasa Risk country All countries 9 months or older
 Costa Rica No risk Risk countries 9 months or older
 Côte d'Ivoire Risk country All countries 9 months or older
 Cuba No risk Risk countries[note 1] 9 months or older
 Curaçao No risk Risk countries[note 1] 9 months or older
 Dominica No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
 Dominican Republic No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
 Ecuador Risk country Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
 Egypt No risk Risk countries[note 1] 9 months or older
 El Salvador No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
 Equatorial Guinea Risk country Risk countries 9 months or older
 Eritrea No risk Risk countries[note 1] 9 months or older
 Eswatini No risk Risk countries[note 3] 9 months or older
 Ethiopia Risk country Risk countries[note 1] 9 months or older
 Fiji No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
 French Guiana Risk country All countries 1 year or older
 French Polynesia No risk Risk countries[note 1] 9 months or older
 Gabon Risk country All countries 1 year or older
 Gambia Risk country Risk countries 9 months or older
 Ghana Risk country All countries 9 months or older
 Grenada No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
 Guadeloupe No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
 Guatemala No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
 Guinea Risk country Risk countries 9 months or older
 Guinea-Bissau Risk country All countries 1 year or older
 Guyana Risk country Risk countries[note 3] 1 year or older
 Haiti No risk Risk countries 1 year or older
 Honduras No risk Risk countries 1 year or older
 India No risk Risk countries[note 3] 9 months or older
 Indonesia No risk Risk countries 9 months or older
 Iran No risk Risk countries[note 1] 9 months or older
 Iraq No risk Risk countries[note 1] 9 months or older
 Jamaica No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
 Jordan No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
 Kenya Risk country Risk countries 1 year or older
 Kyrgyzstan No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
 Laos No risk Risk countries Unknown
 Lesotho No risk Risk countries[note 1] 6 months or older
 Liberia Risk country Risk countries 9 months or older
 Libya No risk Risk countries 1 year or older
 Madagascar No risk Risk countries[note 1] 9 months or older
 Malawi No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
 Malaysia No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
 Maldives No risk Risk countries[note 1] 9 months or older
 Mali Risk country All countries 1 year or older
 Malta No risk Risk countries[note 1] 9 months or older
 Martinique No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
 Mauritania Risk country Risk countries 1 year or older
 Mayotte No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
 Montserrat No risk Risk countries[note 3] 1 year or older
 Mozambique No risk Risk countries[note 1] 9 months or older
 Myanmar No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
 Namibia No risk Risk countries[note 1] 9 months or older
   Nepal No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
 New Caledonia No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
 Nicaragua No risk Risk countries 1 year or older
 Niger Risk country All countries 1 year or older
 Nigeria Risk country All countries 9 months or older
 Niue No risk Risk countries 9 months or older
 North Korea No risk Risk countries 1 year or older
 Oman No risk Risk countries[note 1] 9 months or older
 Pakistan No risk Risk countries 1 year or older
 Panama Risk country Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
 Papua New Guinea No risk Risk countries[note 3] 1 year or older
 Paraguay Risk country Risk countries 1 year or older
 Peru Risk country No[note 2] –
 Philippines No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
 Pitcairn Islands No risk Risk countries 1 year or older
 Rwanda No risk Risk countries 1 year or older
 Saint Barthélemy No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
 Saint Helena No risk Risk countries 1 year or older
 Saint Kitts and Nevis No risk Risk countries 1 year or older
 Saint Lucia No risk Risk countries 9 months or older
 Saint Martin No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines No risk Risk countries 1 year or older
 Samoa No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
 São Tomé and Príncipe No risk Risk countries[note 3] 1 year or older
 Saudi Arabia No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
 Senegal Risk country Risk countries[note 3] 9 months or older
 Seychelles No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
 Sierra Leone Risk country All countries Unknown
 Singapore No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
 Sint Eustatius No risk Risk countries 6 months or older
 Sint Maarten No risk Risk countries 9 months or older
 Solomon Islands No risk Risk countries 9 months or older
 Somalia No risk Risk countries[note 1] 9 months or older
 South Africa No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
 South Sudan Risk country All countries 9 months or older
 Sri Lanka No risk Risk countries[note 1] 9 months or older
 Sudan Risk country Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
 Suriname Risk country Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
 Tanzania No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
 Thailand No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
 Togo Risk country All countries 9 months or older
 Trinidad and Tobago Risk region:
Trinidad		 Risk countries 1 year or older
 Uganda Risk country All countries 1 year or older
 United Arab Emirates No risk Risk countries[note 1] 9 months or older
 Venezuela Risk country Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
 Wallis and Futuna No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
 Zambia No risk Risk countries[note 1] 1 year or older
 Zimbabwe No risk Risk countries[note 1] 9 months or older
  1. Also required for travellers having transited more than 12 hours through a risk country's airport.
  2. The WHO has designated (parts of) Argentina, Brazil and Peru as risk countries, but these countries do not require incoming travellers to vaccinate against yellow fever.
  3. Also required for travellers having transited any time through a risk country's airport.

COVID-19 vaccination

Many countries increasingly consider the vaccination status of travellers with regard to quarantine requirements or when deciding to allow them entry at all.[436] This is justified by research that shows that the Pfizer vaccine effect lasts for six months or so.[437]

Passport requirements

Passport not required

German identity card is valid for these countries :

Blank passport pages

Many countries require a minimum number of blank pages to be available in the passport being presented, typically one or two pages.[438] Endorsement pages, which often appear after the visa pages, are not counted as being available.

Passport validity length

Very few countries, such as Paraguay, just require a passport valid on arrival.

However many countries and groupings now require only an identity card - especially from their neighbours. Other countries may have special bilateral arrangements that depart from the generality of their passport validity length policies to shorten the period of passport validity required for each other's citizens[439][440] or even accept passports that have already expired (but not been cancelled).[441]

Some countries, such as Japan,[442] Ireland and the United Kingdom,[443] require a passport valid throughout the period of the intended stay.

In the absence of specific bilateral agreements, countries requiring passports to be valid for at least 6 more months on arrival include Afghanistan, Algeria, Anguilla, Bahrain,[444] Bhutan, Botswana, British Virgin Islands, Brunei, Cambodia, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Cayman Islands, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Curaçao, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Fiji, Gabon, Guinea Bissau, Guyana, Haiti, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Israel,[445] Jordan, Kenya, Kiribati, Kuwait, Laos, Madagascar, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mongolia, Myanmar, Namibia, Nepal, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Oman, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Peru.[446] Philippines,[447] Qatar, Rwanda, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Suriname, Tanzania, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tokelau, Tonga, Turkey, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Vanuatu, Venezuela, and Vietnam.[448]

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 4 months on arrival include Micronesia and Zambia.

Countries requiring passports with a validity of at least 3 months beyond the date of intended departure include Azerbaijan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Nauru, Moldova and New Zealand. Similarly, the EEA countries of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, all European Union countries (except the Republic of Ireland) together with Switzerland also require 3 months validity beyond the date of the bearer's intended departure unless the bearer is an EEA or Swiss national.

Countries requiring passports valid for at least 3 months on arrival include Albania, Honduras, North Macedonia, Panama, and Senegal.

Bermuda requires passports to be valid for at least 45 days upon entry.

Countries that require a passport validity of at least one month beyond the date of intended departure include Eritrea, Hong Kong, Lebanon, Macau, the Maldives[449] and South Africa.

Medical passport
Main article: International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis

Many African countries, including Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Gabon, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Liberia, Niger, Rwanda, Sierra Leone and Togo, require all incoming passengers older than nine months to one year[450] to have a current International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis, as does the South American territory of French Guiana.[451]

Entry bans

Criminal record

Some countries, including Australia, Canada, Fiji, New Zealand and the United States,[452] routinely deny entry to non-citizens who have a criminal record while others impose restrictions depending on the type of conviction and the length of the sentence.

Persona non grata

The government of a country can declare a diplomat persona non grata, banning entry into that country. In non-diplomatic use, the authorities of a country may also declare a foreigner persona non grata permanently or temporarily, usually because of unlawful activity.[453]

Israeli stamps
Israeli border control Entry Permit (issued as a stand-alone document rather than a stamp affixed in a passport)

Kuwait,[454] Lebanon,[455] Libya,[456] Syria,[457] and Yemen[458] do not allow entry to people with passport stamps from Israel or whose passports have either a used or an unused Israeli visa, or where there is evidence of previous travel to Israel such as entry or exit stamps from neighbouring border posts in transit countries such as Jordan and Egypt.

To circumvent this Arab League boycott of Israel, the Israeli immigration services have now mostly ceased to stamp foreign nationals' passports on either entry to or exit from Israel (unless the entry is for some work-related purposes). Since 15 January 2013, Israel no longer stamps foreign passports at Ben Gurion Airport. Passports are still (as of 22 June 2017) stamped at Erez when passing into and out of Gaza.

Iran refuses admission to holders of passports containing an Israeli visa or stamp that is less than 12 months old.

Armenian ethnicity
Main articles: Anti-Armenian sentiment in Azerbaijan, Armenia–Azerbaijan relations, and Nagorno-Karabakh conflict
Entry Permit to Nagorno-Karabakh issued in Yerevan as a stand-alone document rather than a visa affixed in a passport

Due to a state of war existing between Armenia and Azerbaijan,[459][460][461] Armenian citizens and other foreign nationals of Armenian descent are likely to encounter difficulties when attempting to enter the Republic of Azerbaijan.[462][463][464]

Azerbaijan bans visits by foreign citizens to the separatist region of Nagorno-Karabakh[464] (the de facto independent Republic of Artsakh), its surrounding territories, and the Azerbaijani exclaves of Karki, Yuxarı Əskipara, Barxudarlı, and Sofulu which are de jure part of Azerbaijan but under the control of Armenia, without the prior consent of the government of Azerbaijan. Foreign citizens who enter these territories will be permanently banned from entering the Republic of Azerbaijan[465] and will be included in their "list of personae non gratae".[466] As of 2 September 2019, the list mentioned 852 people.

Biometrics
See also: Countries applying biometrics
A fingerprint scanner at Dulles International Airport collects biometric data on visitors, which can be used for confirming identities.

Several countries mandate that all travellers, or all foreign travellers, be fingerprinted on arrival and will refuse admission to or even arrest travellers who refuse to comply. In some countries, such as the United States, this may apply even to transit passengers who merely wish to quickly change planes rather than go landside.[467]

Fingerprinting countries include Afghanistan,[468][469] Argentina,[470] Brunei, Cambodia,[471] China,[472] Ethiopia,[473] Ghana, Guinea,[474] India, Japan,[475][476] Kenya (both fingerprints and a photo are taken),[477] Malaysia upon entry and departure,[478] Mongolia, Paraguay, Saudi Arabia,[479] Singapore, South Korea,[480] Taiwan, Thailand,[481] Uganda,[482] the United Arab Emirates and the United States.

Many countries also require a photo be taken of people entering the country. The United States, which does not fully implement exit control formalities at its land frontiers (although long mandated by domestic legislation),[483][484][485] intends to implement facial recognition for passengers departing from international airports to identify people who overstay their visa.[486]

Together with fingerprint and face recognition, iris scanning is one of three biometric identification technologies internationally standardised since 2006 by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for use in e-passports[487] and the United Arab Emirates conducts iris scanning on visitors who need to apply for a visa.[488][489] The United States Department of Homeland Security has announced plans to greatly increase the biometric data it collects at US borders.[490] In 2018, Singapore began trials of iris scanning at three land and maritime immigration checkpoints.[491][492]

See also

Annotations, References and Notes

Annotations
  1. The political status of Kosovo is disputed. Having unilaterally declared independence from Serbia in 2008, it is formally recognised as an independent state by 97 UN member states (with another 15 recognising it at some point but then withdrawing recognition), while Serbia continues to claim it as part of its own sovereign territory.

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  2. required if arriving by air or cruise ship
  3. required if arriving by air
  4. Pakistan, Sri Lanka, South Korea and Grenada
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  491. "Singapore tests eye scans at immigration checkpoints". Reuters. 6 August 2018. Retrieved 24 April 2019. Singapore has started scanning travellers’ eyes at some of its border checkpoints, its immigration authority said on Monday, in a trial of expensive technology that could one day replace fingerprint verification.
  492. Lee, Vivien (6 August 2018). "5 Reasons We Prefer Iris Scans To Fingerprint Checks At Our Borders In Singapore". Retrieved 24 April 2019. The iris technology could potentially scan irises covertly, as opposed to the scanning of thumbprints which necessitates active participation.

Notes
    • Vientiane
    • Savannakhet
    • Khammuan
    • Bokeo
    • Panghok - Taichang (Vietnam)
    • Samliemkham - (Thailand and Myanmar)
    • Nonghaed - Nam kanh (Vietnam)
    • Nam phao - Cau treo (Vietnam)
    • Na pao - Cha lo (Vietnam)
    • Daensavan - Lao bao (Vietnam)
    • Veunkham - Nong nok khian (Cambodia)
    • Vang tao - Chongmek (Thailand)
    • Boten - Bo han (China)
    • Nam ngeun - Huay konl (Thailand)
    • Namheuang - Nakaseng (Thailand)
    • Nam soy - Na meo (Vietnam)
    • Phoukeua - Kontoum (Vietnam)
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