Underwater Hockey World Championships

The Underwater Hockey World Championship is the peak international event for the underwater sport of Underwater Hockey. The event is conducted on behalf of the Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques (CMAS) by an affiliated national federation.

Underwater Hockey World Championships
Tournament information
SportUnderwater Hockey
Established1980
FormatGroups and Knockout
Current champion
Elite
New Zealand (men's; 2018)
New Zealand (women's; 2018)
Masters
France (men's; 2018)
France (women's; 2018)
U-24
Turkey (men's; 2019)
New Zealand (women's; 2019)
U-19
New Zealand (men's; 2019)
New Zealand (women's; 2019)

History

The championship was first held in 1980 in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada after the intended initial championship scheduled for 1979 was beset by difficulties and ultimately postponed, due to the invitation of a team from South Africa and the problems associated with apartheid.

Subsequently, a world championship has been held every two years in locations around the world up until 2006. 2006 saw many CMAS-affiliated national federations as well as the majority of the CMAS Underwater Hockey Commission members in dispute with CMAS over policy and governance matters concerning underwater hockey. Out of the divide the World Aquachallenge Association (WAA) - an alternative governing body - was born.[1]

In 2007 CMAS intended to incorporate the Underwater Hockey World Championship into its inaugural World Games event in Bari, Italy, an ambitious event intended to showcase all of the underwater disciplines (Underwater Rugby, Finswimming etc) governed by them in one place. As far as underwater hockey goes this event was poorly attended, in part due to it being 'out of synch' with many affiliated federations' training calendars and budgets. The following year - the 'normal' world championship year - the WAA organised their 'rival' 1st World Championship event in Durban, South Africa. This is now held by many to have been the official 2008 World Championship despite it being poorly attended too, in part this time because CMAS organised a major underwater hockey 'zone' event to be held in Istanbul, Turkey on exactly the same dates meaning a majority of European federations were forced to choose which championship their representative teams attended.

The WAA was short-lived and since 2008 CMAS has once again administered all the world championship events in various age/gender divisions with the most recent having been held in Quebec City, Canada in 2018. World championships in the different age categories are now scheduled for every second year.[2]

Editions Summary

Championships conducted by CMAS

Source:[3]

Key Cancelled[lower-alpha 1]

Senior
Year Date Championship Location Nations Events Champions
1980 July 12 – 16 1st World Championship Vancouver, Canada[5] 5 Men's Netherlands[6]
1982 February 20 – 25 2nd World Championship Brisbane, Australia[7] 3 Men's Australia[6]
Women's Australia[6]
1984 May 1 – 10 3rd World Championship Chicago, United States[8] 8 Men's Australia[6]
Women's Australia[6]
1986 April 16 – 27 4th World Championship Adelaide, Australia[9] 7 Men's Canada[6]
Women's Australia[6]
1988 April 5 – 13 5th World Championship Amersfoort, Netherlands[10] 9 Men's Australia[6]
Women's New Zealand[6]
1990 May 31 – June 9 6th World Championship Montreal, Canada[11] 9 Men's Australia[6]
Women's Australia[6]
1992 May 12 – 20 7th World Championship Wellington, New Zealand[12] 9 Men's Elite Australia[6]
Men's Masters Australia[6]
Women's South Africa[6]
1994 April 17 – 24 8th World Championship Grand Couronne, France[13] 10 Men's Elite Australia[6]
Men's Masters South Africa[6]
Women's Australia[6]
1996 July 11 – 20 9th World Championship Durban, South Africa[14] 11 Men's Elite Australia[6]
Men's Masters South Africa[6]
Women's South Africa[6]
1998 June 4 – 13 10th World Championship San José, United States[15] 14 Men's Elite France[6]
Men's Masters South Africa[6]
Women's Elite South Africa[6]
Women's Masters South Africa[6]
2000 April 25 – 29 11th World Championship Hobart, Australia[16] 15 Men's Elite Australia[6]
Men's Masters Australia[6]
Women's Elite Australia[6]
Women's Masters South Africa[6]
2002 July 20 – 28 12th World Championship Calgary, Canada[17] 13 Men's Elite Australia[6]
Men's Masters United States[6]
Women's Elite Australia[6]
Women's Masters South Africa[6]
Youth Great Britain[6]
2004 March 22 – 31 13th World Championship Christchurch, New Zealand[18] 9 Men's: Elite New Zealand[6]
Men's: Masters United States[6]
Men's: U-19 New Zealand[6]
Women's: Elite Netherlands[6]
Women's: Masters United States[6]
Women's: U-19 New Zealand[6]
2006 August 15 – 24 14th World Championship Sheffield, United Kingdom[19][20] 17 Men's: Elite New Zealand[21][6]
Men's: Masters United States[21][6]
Men's: U-19 New Zealand[21][6]
Women's: Elite Australia[21][6]
Women's: Masters United States[21][6]
Women's: U-19 New Zealand[21][6]
2007 July 31 – August 4 Disputed 15th World Championship
(Part of 1st CMAS Games)		 Bari, Italy[22] 6 Men's: Elite Unknown
Women's: Elite Unknown
2009 August 21 – 29 16th World Championship Kranj, Slovenia[23][24] 12 Men's: Elite South Africa[6]
7 Women's: Elite South Africa[6]
2011 August 16 – 27 17th World Championship Coimbra, Portugal[25][26] 10 Men's: Elite Australia[6]
8 Women's: Elite Great Britain[6]
2013 August 23 – September 1 18th World Championship[27] Eger, Hungary[28] 15 Men's: Elite France[29][6]
9 Men's: Masters Australia[29][6]
16 Women's: Elite New Zealand[29][6]
6 Women's: Masters Australia[29][6]
2016 March 22 – April 2 19th World Championship Stellenbosch, South Africa
 14 Men's: Elite Australia[30]
13 Men's: Masters Australia[30]
9 Women's: Elite South Africa[30]
8 Women's: Masters Australia[30]
2018 July 18 – 28 20th World Championship Quebec City, Canada[31] 14 Men's: Elite New Zealand[32]
13 Men's: Masters France[32]
9 Women's: Elite New Zealand[32]
6 Women's: Masters France[32]
2020,
moved to 2021,
later cancelled		 July 20– August 1 Gold Coast, Australia N/A Men's: Elite N/A
Men's: Masters N/A
Women's: Elite N/A
Women's: Masters N/A
2022 July 15 – 24 21st World Championship Istanbul, Turkey Men's: Elite TBA
Men's: Masters TBA
Women's: Elite TBA
Women's: Masters TBA
2023 July 17 – 30 22st World Championship Brisbane, Australia Men's: Elite TBA
Men's: Masters TBA
Women's: Elite TBA
Women's: Masters TBA

Junior
Year Date Championship Location Nations Events Champions
2013 August 23 – September 1 2nd Junior World Championship[lower-alpha 2] Eger, Hungary 6 Men's: U-23 New Zealand[29][6]
7 Men's: U-19 Columbia[29][6]
5 Women's: U-23 New Zealand[29][6]
4 Women's: U-19 New Zealand[29][6]
2015 3rd Junior World Championship Castello de la Plana, Spain 8 Men's: U-23 Turkey[6][33]
10 Men's: U-19 New Zealand[6][33]
8 Women's: U-23 Columbia[6][33]
8 Women's: U-19 South Africa[6][33]
2017 4th Junior World Championship Hobart, Australia 10 Men's: U-23 Turkey[34]
9 Men's: U-19 France[34]
8 Women's: U-23 New Zealand[34]
7 Women's: U-19 New Zealand[34]
2019 5th Junior World Championship Sheffield, United Kingdom 11 Men's: U-24 Turkey[35]
7 Men's: U-19 New Zealand[35]
7 Women's: U-24 New Zealand[35]
5 Women's: U-19 New Zealand[35]
2021,
moved to 2022		 6th Junior World Championship Istanbul, Turkey Men's: U-24 TBA
Men's: U-19 TBA
Women's: U-24 TBA
Women's: U-19 TBA

Championships conducted by WAA

The 1st WAA World Championships is considered by some as being the legitimate 15th Championships.[36]

Year Date Championship Location Nations Events Champions
2008 April 25 – May 3 Alternative 15th World Championships Durban, South Africa[37][38] 10 Men's: Elite France[6]
Men's: Masters South Africa[6]
Men's: U-19 Spain[6]
Women's: Elite Australia[6]
Women's: U-19 New Zealand[6]

Results by Nation
Key Most successful in given category
Second most successful in given category
Third most successful in given category
Nation Titles Men's Elite Women's Elite Men's Masters Women's Masters Men's U-23/24 Women's U-23/24 Men's U-19 Women's U-19
 Australia 25 11: 1982, 1984, 1988, 1990, 1992, 1994, 1996, 2000, 2002, 2011, 2016 8: 1982, 1984, 1986, 1990, 1994, 2000, 2002, 2006, 2008[lower-alpha 3] 4: 1992, 2000, 2013, 2016 2: 2013, 2016
 New Zealand 20 3: 2004, 2006, 2018 3: 1988, 2013, 2018 1: 2013 3: 2013, 2017, 2019 4: 2004, 2006, 2015, 2019 6: 2004, 2006, 2008,[lower-alpha 3] 2013, 2017, 2019
 South Africa 13 1: 2009 5: 1992, 1996, 1998, 2009, 2016 3: 1996, 1998, 2008[lower-alpha 3] 3: 1998, 2000, 2002 1: 2015
 France 6 3: 1998, 2008,[lower-alpha 3] 2013 1: 2018 1: 2018 1: 2017
 United States 5 3: 2002, 2004, 2006 2: 2004, 2006
 Turkey 3 3: 2015, 2017, 2019
 Colombia 2 1: 2015 1: 2013
 Great Britain 1: 2011 1: 2002
 The Netherlands 1: 1980 1: 2004
 Canada 1 1: 1986
 Spain 1: 2008[lower-alpha 3]

See also

Notes
  1. The 2020 World Championships, later moved to 2021, was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[4]
  2. Held simultaneously with 18th World Championship
  3. WAA

References
  1. "2008 Meeting Minutes" (PDF). WAA. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
  2. "About Underwater Hockey". CMAS.
  3. "Championships Archive".
  4. "🇦🇺 21th CMAS Underwater Hockey World Championships. Gold Coast, Australia – Suspended". 29 March 2021.
  5. "1980 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
  6. "World Championship Results". 19 April 2012.
  7. "1982 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Brisbane, Australia". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
  8. "1984 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Chicago, United States Of America". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
  9. "1986 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Adelaide, Australia". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
  10. "1988 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Amersfoort, Netherlands". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
  11. "1990 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Montreal, Quebec, Canada". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  12. "1992 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Wellington, New Zealand". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  13. "1994 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Amersfoort, Netherlands". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  14. "1996 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Durban, South Africa<". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  15. "1998 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - San Jose, United States Of America". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  16. "2000 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Amersfoort, Netherlands". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  17. "2002 World Underwater Hockey Championship Final - Calgary, Alberta, Canada". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  18. "2004 World Underwater Hockey Championship FINAL - Christchurch, New Zealand, 22nd to 31st March 2004". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  19. "2006 - 14th World Underwater Hockey Championship Final - Sheffield, United Kingdom 15th August to 24th August 2006". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  20. "2006 CMAS Underwater Hockey World Championships, Sheffield, UK (Official Website)". 2006 World Championship Committee. Archived from the original on December 2, 2008. Retrieved 10 July 2013.
  21. http://www.uwhworlds2006.net/
  22. "1st CMAS World Games Underwater Hockey Tournament Bari, Italy - 31st July to 4th August 2007". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  23. "2nd CMAS WORLD GAMES UNDERWATER HOCKEY TOURNAMENT Kranj, Slovinia - 21st to 29th August 2009". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  24. "KRANJ 16th CMAS UNDERWATER HOCKEY WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP". CMAS. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  25. "3rd CMAS World Underwater Hockey Games (17th World Championship) Elite Teams Tournament Coimbra, Portugal, 16th to 27th August 2011". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  26. "17th Underwater Hockey World Championship". CMAS. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  27. "18th CMAS WC 2013 Initial Groups" (PDF). CMAS Underwater Hockey Commission. Retrieved 23 August 2013.
  28. "Underwater Hockey World Championship 2013 Eger - Hungary. Information Pack is out". CMAS. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
  29. "Underwater Hockey World Championship 2013 Eger- Hungary. Information Pack is out".
  30. "🇿🇦 Final Results 19th CMAS Underwater Hockey World Championship. South Africa 2016". 2 April 2016.
  31. "2018 World Underwater Hockey Championship Finals - Quebec City, Quebec, Canada". www.cmas.com. 27 November 2018.
  32. "Underwater Hockey Scores".
  33. https://www.cmas.org/document?sessionId=&fileId=3728&language=1
  34. "4th Age Group Underwater Hockey Championship".
  35. "Overall Results".
  36. "2008 - 15th World Underwater Hockey Championship (sic) Durban, Natal, South Africa. 25th April - 3rd May 2008". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
  37. "World Championship results". World Aquachallenge Association. Retrieved 8 June 2013.
  38. "2008 - 15th World Underwater Hockey Championship (sic) Durban, Natal, South Africa. 25th April - 3rd May 2008". www.underwaterhockey-archive.com. Retrieved 9 June 2013.
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