Timeline of London (21st century)
The following is a timeline of the history of London in the 21st century, the capital of England and the United Kingdom.
Timeline
City skyline (2015)
2000 to 2009
- 2000
- 1 January: The Millennium Dome opens to the public, on the Greenwich Peninsula.
- 25 February: Murder of Victoria Climbié (aged 8) after torture and neglect by her guardians, her aunt Marie Therese Kouao and Kouao's partner Carl Manning; Brent and Haringey social services departments will be severely criticised for their shortcomings in the case.
- 8 March: Peckham Library opens; awarded 2000 Stirling Prize.
- 9 March: London Eye ferris wheel opens to public.
- 22 April: Big Number Change: STD codes 0171 and 0181 codes are replaced with 020 for the whole London telephone area.
- 1 May: May Day riot in central London by anti-capitalist protestors. The statue of Winston Churchill in Parliament Square, and the Cenotaph in Whitehall are daubed with graffiti.[1]
- 4 May: 2000 London mayoral election: Ken Livingstone, standing as an independent, becomes the first directly elected Mayor of London.
- 11 May: Croydon Tramlink opens to public, the first trams in London since 1952. They then become part of Transport for London (TfL) in 2008.
- 12 May: Tate Modern art museum opens in the former Bankside Power Station.
- 10 June: Millennium Bridge opens to pedestrians; it is closed after a few days for adaptation due to synchronous lateral excitation.
- 3 July: Directly elected Greater London Authority formed with Ken Livingstone as Mayor of London. Transport for London created as a functional body of the GLA taking over functions of London Regional Transport, the Public Carriage Office, traffic management and London River Services.
- 20 July: Rioting breaks out in Brixton following the fatal shooting of Derek Bennett, a 29-year-old black man, by armed police in the area. 27 people are arrested and three police officers are injured.[2]
- 7 November: Millennium Dome raid: The theft of £350 million worth of diamonds from the Millennium Dome is foiled by police.[3]
- 27 November: Damilola Taylor, a 10-year-old schoolboy originally from Nigeria, is stabbed to death on his way home from school in Peckham.[4]
- ExCeL London exhibition centre opens at Royal Victoria Dock.
- 2001
- 4 March: 2001 BBC bombing: A Real Irish Republican Army car bomb explodes outside BBC Television Centre in White City.
- 3 August: 2001 Ealing bombing: A Real IRA car bomb explodes in Ealing Broadway.
- 21 September: Torso of a 7-year old Nigerian boy, "Adam", believed to be the victim of ritual sacrifice, found in the Thames.
- 8 November: Handel House Museum in Brook Street opens.
- Citigroup Centre completed.
- Conservatoire for Dance and Drama, a national higher education institution, is established, the founding affiliates being the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art and the London Contemporary Dance School. Trinity College of Music moves to part of the Old Royal Naval College premises at Greenwich.
- 2002
- 2 January: Royal National Lifeboat Institution stations inland rescue boats on the Thames in London, at Teddington, Chiswick and Tower.
- 9 April: The funeral procession of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother ends at Westminster Abbey after she died on 30 March at the age of 101.
- May: First Idea Store community centre opens in Bow.
- June: Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II.
- July: City Hall, the original headquarters of the Greater London Authority designed by Norman Foster, opens beside the Thames in Southwark.
- 3 July: A man decapitates a statue of former Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher on display at Guildhall Art Gallery.[5]
- 1 August: London Metropolitan University formed by merger of London Guildhall University and the University of North London.
- 2 September: 8 Canada Square begins to be used by HSBC staff.
- BedZED (Beddington Zero Energy Development), the country's first large-scale zero energy housing development, of 99 homes in Beddington, designed by Bill Dunster, is completed.
- The last complete vehicle, a Ford Fiesta, leaves the Ford Dagenham production line.
- 2003
- 5 February: Arrests in alleged Wood Green ricin plot.
- 15 February 2003 anti-war protest: More than 2 million people demonstrate against the Iraq War, the largest demonstration in British history.[6]
- 17 February: Congestion Charge introduced.
- 30 March: Gurdwara Sri Guru Singh Sabha Sikh temple opens in Southall.
- May: Transport for London sets up a Directorate of Traffic Operations to run road traffic management (including London Streets Traffic Control Centre), some functions being transferred from the Metropolitan Police.
- 31 May: Post Office Railway last carries mail.
- 10 August: Hottest day recorded in London, 38.1 °C (100.6 °F) in Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- 3 October: Baitul Futuh Mosque, Britain's largest, inaugurated at Morden.
- Redevelopment of Trafalgar Square completed, management of the central area becomes a responsibility of the Mayor of London and the feeding of pigeons here is prohibited.
- The old Wembley Stadium is demolished, and the rubble from it is used to build Northala Hills in Northolt, which is in the Borough of Ealing.
- 2004
- 10 February: London Plan published.
- 28 April: Landmark Swiss Re office building ("The Gherkin") at 30 St Mary Axe in the city, designed by Norman Foster, opens.[7]
- May: BBC Media Village opens in White City.
- 11 May: University of the Arts London formed from the London Institute.
- July: London Stock Exchange moves to Paternoster Square.
- September: Daniel Gonzalez spree killings.
- October: South London gangs Ghetto Boys and Peckham Boys have a shootout outside the Urban Music Awards in the Barbican Centre.
- 10 November: Temple Bar reinstalled in central London at Paternoster Square.[8]
- Pride London established.
- 2005
- 6 July: Successful London bid for the 2012 Summer Olympics is announced.
- 7 July 2005 London bombings: 56 killed in four suicide bombings on London Transport.[9]
- 21 July: Four attempted bombings on London Transport.
- 22 July: Death of Jean Charles de Menezes, mistaken for a terrorist suspect, shot dead by Metropolitan Police officers on a train at Stockwell tube station.
- Summer: Guinness closes its Park Royal brewery.[10]
- 9 December: Last AEC Routemaster buses in regular service run in London.
- Cathedral of the Dormition of the Most Holy Mother of God and Holy Royal Martyrs (Russian Orthodox Diocese of Great Britain and Ireland) in Chiswick fully consecrated.[11]
- 2006
- 20 January: River Thames whale: a whale is discovered swimming in the Thames in London.
- 25 September: Young's Ram Brewery in Wandsworth closes.
- By October: The Daily Telegraph moves its offices from Canada Place in Canary Wharf (Docklands) to Victoria Plaza near Victoria station in central London.
- 1 November: The former Russian spy Alexander Litvinenko is poisoned at the Millennium Hotel, Mayfair by Andrey Lugovoy and Dmitry Kovtun with Polonium-210. He's taken to Barnet Hospital, London before being moved to University College Hospital for intensive care, where he dies on 23 November.
- 7 December: London Tornado of 2006.
- Donnybrook Quarter of the East End is completed by Peter Barber Architects.
- Barkers of Kensington is closed down by its owners, House of Fraser.
- 2007
- 9 March: Rebuilt Wembley Stadium opens.[12]
- 29 June: 2 car bombs are uncovered and defused in central London.
- 11 November: London Overground rail franchise begins operation of North London line.
- 2008
- 16 January: Rose Theatre, Kingston, opens.
- 28 March: Heathrow Terminal 5 opens at the airport.
- April: Willis Building opens in the city.
- 4 May: 2008 London mayoral election: Boris Johnson (Conservative) defeats Ken Livingstone to become Mayor of London.
- 30 October: Westfield London shopping centre opens at White City.
- 2009
- 10 January: The DLR London City Airport branch begins operation.
- 2 February: February 2009 United Kingdom snowstorm: Transport for London suspends all London buses.
- March: King's Health Partners formed as an academic health science centre.
- 1–2 April: 2009 G-20 London summit protests.
- 2 April: City hosts 2009 G-20 London summit.
- 3 July: Lakanal House fire: Fire in a 14-storey block of flats in Camberwell (Borough of Southwark) causes 6 fatalities.
- 17 September: Brixton pound local currency launched.
- 12 October: The Evening Standard becomes a free newspaper in central London.[13]
- 9 November: Transport for London officially opens new Surface Transport and Traffic Operations Centre (STTOC, at Palestra, Blackfriars Road), bringing together London Streets Traffic Control Centre (LSTCC), London Buses Command and Control Centre (CentreComm), and the Metropolitan Police Traffic Operation Control Centre (MetroComm).
2010 to 2019
- 2010
- April: HM Prison Isis completed as a young offenders' institution adjacent to HMP Belmarsh in Thamesmead.
- June: The Strata ("The Razor"), a 148-metre, 43-storey, 408-flat skyscraper at Elephant and Castle in Southwark, that incorporates wind turbines into its structure, is completed.[14]
- 30 July: Barclays Cycle Hire scheme launched by Boris Johnson, Mayor of London.
- September: Evelyn Grace Academy, a school in Brixton designed by Zaha Hadid, opens; awarded 2011 Stirling Prize.[15]
- 2011
- January: Heron Tower (110 Bishopsgate) completed.
- 26 March: The 2011 London anti-cuts protest takes place.
- 27 March: United Kingdom Census 2011. 22.1% of the London population (1,730,000) have a tongue other than English as their first language, with Polish being the most widely spoken. The city also becomes the 2nd most densely populated city in the UK after Portsmouth in Hampshire.
- 29 April: Wedding of Prince William and Catherine Middleton at Westminster Abbey.
- 29 May: Parish church of St John Baptist at Croydon raised to the honorific status of Croydon Minster.
- 4 August: Death of Mark Duggan, shot by police in Tottenham Hale, triggers 2011 England riots.
- 13 September: Westfield Stratford City shopping mall opens at Stratford.
- 15 October: Occupy London begins.
- 9 December: Circle line (London Underground) trains cease to run in a complete circle, with trains doing an Edgware Road station loop before going out towards Hammersmith station.
- The Georgian Orthodox Cathedral Church of the Nativity of Our Lord is established in the former Agapemonite Ark of the Covenant (later known as the Church of the Good Shepherd) in Upper Clapton.
- 2012
- 3 February: London Borough of Greenwich becomes Royal Borough of Greenwich, marking the Diamond Jubilee of Elizabeth II.
- 27 February: Transport for London's "New Routemaster" hybrid double-decker buses begin to enter public service, crew-operated.
- 30 March: HM Prison Thameside opens.
- 3 May: 2012 London Assembly election and 2012 London mayoral election held, with Conservative candidate Boris Johnson winning his second term.
- 3 June: Thames Diamond Jubilee Pageant occurs.
- 28 June: Emirates Air Line (cable car) opens across Thames between Royal Docks and Greenwich Peninsula.
- 5 July: The Shard skyscraper inaugurated.
- 27 July: 2012 Summer Olympics begin, based at the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park in Stratford, which lasts until 12 August.
- 29 August: 2012 Summer Paralympics begin, which lasts until 9 September.
- 10 September: The Our Greatest Team Parade is held from Mansion House to Trafalgar Square.
- September: New College of the Humanities, a private university-level institution based in Bedford Square, begins tuition.
- Billingsgate Fish Market porters lose their traditional monopoly.
- 2013
- March: Regent's College (based in Regent's Park) is granted permission to become Regent's University London, a private charitable institution.[16]
- 22 May: Murder of Lee Rigby, a soldier, by two Islamic extremists in Woolwich.[17]
- 10 September: The Worshipful Company of Educators becomes the 109th livery company of the City of London on being granted livery status by the Court of Aldermen.[18]
- 25 October: Lambeth slavery case: 3 women believed to have been held as slaves for the last three decades are rescued from a residence.[19]
- 28 October: St. Jude storm: two people are killed in Hounslow.
- 13 November: Groundbreaking for new Embassy of the United States in London at Nine Elms.
- 2014
- 11 February: Worshipful Company of Arts Scholars (recognised without livery in 2000) is constituted as a livery company of the city.
- April–August: 20 Fenchurch Street (the "Walkie-talkie" office block), designed by Rafael Viñoly, completed and occupied in the city.[20]
- July: 122 Leadenhall Street (the "Cheesegrater" office block) opens in the city.
- 17 July–11 November: Installation art Blood Swept Lands and Seas of Red in the moat of the Tower of London.
- Burntwood School, Wandsworth, designed by Allford Hall Monaghan Morris, completed; awarded 2015 Stirling Prize.
- Cat Emporium (cat café) in business.[21]
- 2015
- January: Earls Court Exhibition Centre dismantling begins.
- 2 February: London's population reaches 8,600,000 and is forecast to reach 11,000,000 by 2050.[22]
- 1 April: Electrical fire under Kingsway pavement.
- 2 April: Hatton Garden safe deposit burglary begins.
- 2016
- 28 January: Lee Tunnel, the first section of the Thames Tideway Scheme, opens.[23]
- 23 February: Crossrail renamed Elizabeth line.
- 9 May: 2016 London mayoral election: Sadiq Khan (Labour) elected Mayor of London.
- 17 June: Tate Modern Switch House (art gallery extension, named the Blavatnik Building in 2017) on Bankside, designed by Herzog & de Meuron, opens.[24]
- 1 November: Metropolitan Police Service returns its headquarters from New Scotland Yard in Broadway to the Curtis Green Building on the original Scotland Yard site.[25]
- 24 November
- Design Museum reopens in former Commonwealth Institute building in Kensington.[26]
- St. Thomas' Cathedral, Acton opens as Britain's first Syriac Orthodox cathedral in the former St Saviour's Centre for the Deaf.[27]
- 2017
- 22 February: Cressida Dick is appointed as first woman Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis.
- 22 March: 2017 Westminster attack: A lone terrorist causes fatal injuries to four pedestrians in a vehicle-ramming attack on Westminster Bridge and fatally stabs a policeman on duty in New Palace Yard before being shot dead by police.
- 3 June: 2017 London Bridge attack: Three terrorists cause fatal injuries to eight people on London Bridge and in Borough Market in a vehicle-ramming attack and stabbings before being shot dead by police.
- 14 June: Grenfell Tower fire: Fire engulfs a 24-storey block of flats in North Kensington with 71 fatalities eventually officially confirmed.
- 19 June: Finsbury Park attack: Vehicle-ramming attack on Muslims leaving Tarawih prayer meetings in Finsbury Park; there is one fatality at the scene.
- 15 September: Parsons Green bombing.
- September: A small part of the London Post Office Railway reopens around the Mount Pleasant Sorting Office as part of the Post Office museum in Bloomsbury.
- 21 November: First new purpose-built Anglican parish church in London for 40 years opens, St Francis at the Engine Room in Tottenham Hale, intended as the first of 100 new churches in the diocese.[28]
- 18 December: Sarah Mullally is appointed as first woman Bishop of London, who is enthroned 12 May 2018 in St Paul's Cathedral.
- 2018
- 7 February: Phase 1 of the National Grid's London Power Tunnels are complete, with 32 km of tunnels linking electricity substations in Wimbledon and Hackney, are officially opened.[29]
- May: Ravensbourne University London granted full university status.
- November: Extinction Rebellion protests take place across central London.
- 24 December: The District line celebrates 150 years of service since first opening as the District Railway.
- 2019
- 2 April: Plans for London's newest skyscraper, The Tulip, are approved, with work starting as early as 2020 and a scheduled completion date of 2025.
- 3 April: The new Tottenham Hotspur Stadium opens.
- 15–26 April: Extinction Rebellion protests across London cause disruption around major tourist areas, including Piccadilly Circus, the Houses of Parliament, Marble Arch and the Stock Exchange.
- 15 July: The Tulip skyscraper plans are rejected by Sadiq Khan, Mayor of London.[30]
- 10 August: A major power cut hits London and the South-East, with the principal railway termini being greatly affected with many severe delays and cancellations.
2020 to 2029
- 2020
- 12 February: COVID-19 pandemic in London: First case of COVID-19 in London confirmed, in a woman recently arrived from China. By 17 March, there's almost 500 confirmed cases and 23 deaths; by 15 December almost 211,000 confirmed cases and more than 7,400 deaths in London hospitals. Then on 23 March, London goes into a nationwide lockdown with the rest of the UK.[31]
- 3 April: COVID-19 pandemic in London: NHS Nightingale Hospital London opens in ExCeL London[32] and remains operational for a month; in January 2021 it is returned to operation for recuperating patients, where it then closed again by April 2021 after cases in London kept dropping.
- 11 April: COVID-19 pandemic in London: The number of people with the infection in London hospitals reaches its peak.[33]
- 29 July: Brentford F.C. play their last match at Griffin Park before moving to Brentford Community Stadium.
- 15 October: COVID-19 pandemic in London: Announcement that the city is moving to the Tier 2 (high) level of restriction under the first COVID-19 tier regulations in England.
- 5 November: COVID-19 pandemic in London: The city joins the rest of the UK in a nationwide lockdown that lasts until 2 December in an attempt to reduce the number of cases.
- 8 December: COVID-19 pandemic in London: 81-year-old Lyn Wheeler is the first person to receive a COVID-19 vaccine at Guy's Hospital outside of trials as a national programme begins rollout.[34]
- 16 December: COVID-19 pandemic in London: The Greater London area and some regions surrounding it move to the Tier 3 (very high) level of restriction under the "all tiers regulations". From 20 December, it moves up to new Tier 4.
- By 31 December: The Greater London Assembly moves from City Hall to The Crystal at Royal Victoria Dock to save on rent.[35]
- 2021
- 1 January: Thousands complain to the BBC that the fireworks and light show on some of London's landmarks to bring in 2021 are too political.
- 2 January: COVID-19 pandemic in London: Schools in London are to remain closed after a government U-turn in their decision to keep Primary schools open.
- 4 January: COVID-19 pandemic in London: Prime Minister Boris Johnson announces that London, along with the rest of the UK, will go into a third nationwide lockdown to control the new variants of COVID-19 from 6 January, which will last until at least the Spring.
- 8 January: COVID-19 pandemic in London: The Mayor of London declares a 'major incident' as medical services face being overwhelmed.[36]
- 3 February: Some of London's icons light up the colours of the Union flag to commemorate the death of 100-year-old war veteran Captain Sir Tom Moore, who died on 2 February and raised more than £32 million for the NHS in 2020.
- 22 February: Prime Minister Boris Johnson announces plans to bring the UK, including London, cautiously out of lockdown, with plans for restrictions to be fully lifted by 21 June.
- 3 March: 33-year-old Sarah Everard is kidnapped on Clapham Common, with her remains being found a week later in Ashford, Kent. 48-year-old Wayne Couzens, who worked for the Metropolitan Police, is charged with her murder and is found guilty on 9 July before being sentenced to life imprisonment without parole at the Old Bailey on 29 September.
- 23 March: London residents commemorate the first anniversary of the COVID-19 lockdown with a candlelight vigil to remember those who lost their lives during the pandemic along with the rest of the UK.
- 9 April: Buckingham Palace announces the death of the Duke of Edinburgh, Prince Philip, at the age of 99, and several buildings, including Piccadilly Circus and the BT Tower, light up in black to commemorate his life.
- 6 May: The London Mayoral elections take place, with Labour candidate Sadiq Khan winning his second term.
- 14 June: Plans to end COVID-19 restrictions are delayed by 4 weeks to 19 July due to a sharp rise of the Delta variant.
- 11 July: The Euro2020 final takes place at Wembley Stadium, with England losing to Italy 3–2 in the penalties.
- 19 July: COVID-19 restrictions in England, including London, come to an end after Prime Minister Boris Johnson confirms this on 12 July.
- September and October: Insulate Britain protests: Insulate Britain protesters block various junctions of the M25 motorway (London orbital) multiple times as well as causing chaos across London and the rest of the UK.
- 11 September: 67 candles are lit on the 20th anniversary of the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center in New York City to remember the 67 British victims who died.
- 20 September: The London Underground's Northern line extension to Battersea Power Station via Nine Elms opens, making it the first new extension on the network in over a decade.
- 12 October: London's New Year's Eve fireworks display are announced to be cancelled for the second year running.
- 28–30 October: The Polar research ship RRS Sir David Attenborough moors in Greenwich for the COP26 climate change summit taking place in Glasgow.
- 11 November: Michael Gove on behalf of the Government rejects the proposal to build The Tulip skyscraper in the City of London.[37]
- 8 December: Prime Minister Boris Johnson announces plan B of COVID-19 restrictions due to a sharp increase of the Omicron variant.
- 18 December: Mayor Sadiq Khan declares a 'major incident' in London following a sharp increase of the Omicron variant.
- 30 December: Two boys die after being stabbed in separate incidents in London, totalling 30 teenage homicides in the capital this year, surpassing a 2008 peak of 29.[38]
- 2022
- 1 January: After extensive restoration work, Big Ben bongs for the first time in four and a half years alongside the other New Year events to bring in 2022.
- 9 January: The Marble Arch Mound closes after a string of controversy and disappointment, and it's dismantled in the weeks following.
- 15 January: The Bank branch of the Northern Line closes for major upgrade work, and it's expected to be completed by mid-May.
- 26 January: Plan B measures for COVID-19 restrictions across the UK, including London, come to an end after Prime Minister Boris Johnson announces this on 28 January following a decline in the Omicron variant.
- 10 February: Cressida Dick announces her resignation as the Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis just hours after denying her intention of doing so.
- 18 February: Part of The O2 Arena's roof is damaged as a result of strong winds during Storm Eunice, where they reach up to 90 mph. Two people are also injured by debris in Streatham and Waterloo because of these winds.
- 24 February: Prime Minister Boris Johnson removes the last of the COVID-19 restrictions (Compulsory isolation with a positive test) in London and the rest of the UK.
- 26 February: Some of London's icons light up in the colours of the Ukrainian flag in response to Russia's invasion a few days prior.
- 6 March: HM The Queen moves from Buckingham Palace to Windsor Castle permanently.
- 8 March: Volodymyr Zelensky becomes the first foreign leader to directly address MP's at Westminster during a virtual address.
- 21 March: A thanksgiving ceremony takes place in Westminster Abbey in memory of the late Vera Lynn.
- 29 March: A thanksgiving ceremony takes place in Westminster Abbey in memory of the late Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.
- 30 March: Large areas of London suffer from power cut due to a sub-station catching fire.
- 10 April: Cressida Dick officially steps down as the Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis, with her replacement to be announced in due course.
- 16 April: The extinction Rebellion protests take place across central London.
- 2–5 June: The Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II is celebrated with a bank holiday weekend and street parties.
- 2025 – Projected:
- The Museum of London reopens as The London Museum in Smithfield.[39]
- Billingsgate Fish Market is expected to move from its current location in Poplar by this year.
See also
References
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- Fabb, Debbie (23 November 2007). "Last orders for Guinness?". BBC News. Retrieved 16 September 2010.
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- "London's 'Evening Standard' to Become Free Paper". Editor & Publisher. 2 October 2009. Archived from the original on 4 October 2009.
- DeFreitas, Susan (15 March 2010). "London's New Strata Skyscraper Incorporates Wind Turbines". EarthTechling.com. EarthTechling LLC. Retrieved 17 March 2010.
- Woodman, Ellis (2 October 2011). "Stirling Prize: Zaha Hadid is a worthy winner". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 20 December 2011.
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- Wainwright, Oliver (23 May 2016). "First look: inside the Switch House – Tate Modern's power pyramid". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 24 May 2016.
- Bullen, Jamie (1 November 2016). "Metropolitan Police staff move out of New Scotland Yard after 49 years". Evening Standard. London. Retrieved 1 November 2016.
- Moore, Rowan (22 May 2016). "Private property, public heart". The Observer. London. p. 29 (The New Review). Retrieved 23 May 2016.
- Drake, Gavin (25 November 2016). "Britain's first Syriac Orthodox Cathedral consecrated". ACNS. Retrieved 22 December 2016.
- Sherwood, Harriet (21 November 2017). "Purpose-built Anglican church opens in London for first time in 40 years". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 26 November 2017.
- Clark, Jess (9 February 2018). "£1bn London Power Tunnels project opens". New Civil Engineer. Retrieved 4 February 2020.
- Waite, Richard; Jessel, Ella (15 July 2019). "Mayor rejects unwelcoming, poorly designed Tulip". Architects Journal. Retrieved 27 September 2019.
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- Adams, Geraldine Kendall (11 February 2022). "Museum of London reveals name change as it prepares to relocate". Museums Journal. Museums Association. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
Bibliography
See also lists of works about London by period: Tudor London, Stuart London, 18th century, 19th century, 1900–1939, 1960s
- published in the 19th century
- Elmes, James (1831). Topographical Dictionary of London and Its Environs. London: Whittaker, Treacher and Arnot.
- Thomas Allen; Thomas Wright (1839). "Account of the Companies of the City of London, Alphabetically Arranged". History and Antiquities of London, Westminster, Southwark, and Parts Adjacent. Vol. 2. London. pp. 376–429. hdl:2027/hvd.hwh1uq.
- "London". Penny Cyclopaedia. Vol. 14. London: Charles Knight. 1839. pp. 109–129. hdl:2027/ucm.5319406728.
- Charles Knight, ed. (1844), "Metropolitan Boroughs", London, vol. 6, London: C. Knight & Co.
- Peter Cunningham (1850), "Chronology of London Occurrences", Handbook of London (2nd ed.), London: John Murray, OCLC 4773921
- J. Willoughby Rosse (1859). "London". Index of Dates ... Facts in the Chronology and History of the World. London: H.G. Bohn. hdl:2027/hvd.32044098621048 – via Hathi Trust.
- Timbs, John (1866), Club Life of London, London: J. Bentley, OL 7098926M
- George Henry Townsend (1867), "London", A Manual of Dates (2nd ed.), London: Frederick Warne & Co., pp. 587–590
- William Henry Overall, ed. (1870), "London", Dictionary of Chronology, London: William Tegg, OCLC 2613202
- Charles Dickens (1882), "Historical Events", Dickens's Dictionary of London, London: Macmillan & Co.
- John and Robert Maxwell. "Memorable Dates". Concise Guide to London. London. circa 1882
- R. Price-Williams (1885), "Population of London, 1801–81", Journal of the Statistical Society, vol. 48, pp. 349–432, hdl:2027/uc1.b4148209
- Mrs. Basil Holmes (1896). "Burial-Grounds within the Metropolitan Area". London Burial Grounds. Macmillan.
- published in the 20th century
- Henry Barton Baker (1904), "Chronological List of the London Theatres", History of the London Stage and its Famous Players (1576–1903), London: Routledge
- Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1910). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 549–551.
- Robert Donald, ed. (1907). "London". Municipal Year Book of the United Kingdom for 1907. London: Edward Lloyd. pp. 5–47.
- Howarth, Osbert John Radcliffe; Ingram, Thomas Allan; Wheatley, Henry Benjamin (1910). . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 938–968, see pages 945 and 951.
IV. Population, Public Health, &c. & VII. Government
- Francis Miltoun (1908). "Brief Chronology". Dickens' London. Boston: L.C. Page & Company.
- Benjamin Vincent (1910), "London", Haydn's Dictionary of Dates (25th ed.), London: Ward, Lock & Co., pp. 839–848
- Walter H. Godfrey (1911), "List of Buildings on ... Map 1: The City of London and Southwark", History of Architecture in London, London: B.T. Batsford
- Cook's Handbook to London. London: Thos. Cook & Son. 1921.
- George F.E. Rudé (1971). Hanoverian London, 1714–1808. History of London. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-01778-8.
- Nicholson, Louise (1998). "London Chronology". London. Abbeville Press. ISBN 978-0-7112-1187-2.
- published in the 21st century
- John Richardson (2000). The Annals of London: A Year-by-year Record of a Thousand Years of History. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-22795-8.
- Leonard Schwarz (2000). "London, 1700–1840". In Peter Clark (ed.). Cambridge Urban History of Britain. Vol. 2. Cambridge University Press. p. 641+. ISBN 978-0-521-43141-5.
- Ackroyd, Peter (2001), "Chronology", London: the Biography, Nan A. Talese, ISBN 9780385497701
- Erika Diane Rappaport (2001). Shopping for Pleasure: Women in the Making of London's West End. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-04476-7.
- A.N. Wilson (2004). "Chronology of London History". London: A History. Modern Library. p. 193+. ISBN 978-0-307-42665-9.
- Ben Weinreb; et al. (2008). The London Encyclopaedia (3rd ed.). Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-230-73878-2.
- Michelin; Lifestyle, Michelin Travel (2012). "20C to Today (timeline)". London. Michelin Green Guide. ISBN 978-2-06-718238-7.
- Jonathan Conlin (2013). Tales of Two Cities: Paris, London and the Birth of the Modern City. Counterpoint LLC. ISBN 978-1-61902-225-6.
- Marc Matera (2015). Black London: The Imperial Metropolis and Decolonization in the Twentieth Century. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-95990-3.
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to History of London. |
- British History Online. London
- "London and its Hinterlands: Life in London, 1674–1913". Old Bailey Proceedings Online. University of Sheffield.
- "Timeline". Exploring 20th Century London. Renaissance London.
- "London", Historical Directories, UK: University of Leicester.
- Europeana. Items related to London, various dates.
- Digital Public Library of America. Items related to London, various dates
- "Dates and Events – Chronology". Dictionary of Victorian London. Stoke Newington: Lee Jackson.
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