List of theoretical physicists

The following is a partial list of notable theoretical physicists. Arranged by century of birth, then century of death, then year of birth, then year of death, then alphabetically by surname. For explanation of symbols, see Notes at end of this article.

Ancient times

Thales (c. 624 – c. 546 BCE)
Pythagoras^* (c. 570 – c. 495 BCE)
Democritus° (c. 460 – c. 370 BCE)
Aristotle‡ (384–322 BCE)
Archimedesº* (c. 287 – c. 212 BCE)
Hypatia^ªº (c. 350–370; died 415 AD)

Middle Ages

Al Farabi (c. 872 – c. 950)
Ibn al-Haytham (c. 965 – c. 1040)
Al Beruni (c. 973 – c. 1048)
Omar Khayyám (c. 1048 – c. 1131)
Nasir al-Din Tusi (1201–1274)
Jean Buridan (1301 – c. 1359/62)
Nicole Oresme (c. 1320 – 1325 –1382)
Sigismondo Polcastro (1384–1473)

15th–16th century

Nicolaus Copernicusº (1473–1543)

16th century and 16th–17th centuries

Gerolamo Cardano (1501–1576)
Tycho Brahe (1546–1601)
Giordano Bruno (1548–1600)
Galileo Galileiº* (1564–1642)
Johannes Keplerº (1571–1630)
Benedetto Castelli (1578–1643)
René Descartes‡^ (1596–1650)
Bonaventura Cavalieri (1598–1647)

17th century

Pierre de Fermat (1607–1665)
Evangelista Torricelli (1608–1647)
Giovanni Alfonso Borelli (1608–1679)
Francesco Maria Grimaldi (1618–1663)
Blaise Pascal^ (1623–1662)
Erhard Weigel (1625–1699)
Christiaan Huygens^ (1629–1695)

17th–18th centuries

Vincenzo Viviani (1622–1703)
Isaac Newton^*º (1642–1727)
Gottfried Leibniz^ (1646–1716)
Jacob Bernoulli (1655–1705)
Edmond Halley (1656–1742)
Luigi Guido Grandi (1671–1742)
Jakob Hermann (1678–1733)
Jean-Jacques d'Ortous de Mairan (1678–1771)
Nicolaus II Bernoulli (1695–1726)
Pierre Louis Maupertuis (1698–1759)
Daniel Bernoulli (1700–1782)

18th century

Leonhard Euler^ (1707–1783)
Vincenzo Riccati (1707–1785)
Mikhail Lomonosov (1711–1765)
Laura Bassiª* (1711–1778)
Roger Joseph Boscovich (1711–1787)
Alexis Clairaut (1713–1765)
Jean le Rond d'Alembert (1717–1783)

18th–19th centuries

Franz Aepinus (1724–1802)
Henry Cavendish (1731–1810)
Charles Coulomb (1736–1806)
Joseph Lagrange^º (1736–1813)
Pierre-Simon Laplace (1749–1827)
Jurij Vega (1754–1802)
John Dalton^ (1766–1844)
Joseph Fourier^ (1768–1830)
Thomas Young‡* (1773–1829)
Jean-Baptiste Biot (1774–1862)
Étienne-Louis Malus (1775–1812)
André-Marie Ampère (1775–1836)
Carl Friedrich Gauss^ (1777–1855)
Siméon Denis Poisson (1781–1840)
Giovanni Antonio Amedeo Plana (1781–1864)
Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel (1784–1846)
Claude-Louis Navier (1785–1836)
François Arago (1786–1853)
Augustin-Jean Fresnel (1788–1827)
Georg Ohm (1789–1854)
Augustin-Louis Cauchy (1789–1857)
Félix Savart (1791–1841)
Ottaviano-Fabrizio Mossotti (1791–1863)
Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis (1792–1843)
George Green^ (1793–1841)
Michel Chasles (1793–1880)
Gabrio Piola (1794–1850)
Gabriel Lamé (1795–1870)
Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot (1796–1832)
Nikolai Brashman (1796–1866)
Andreas von Ettingshausen (1796–1878)
Jean Léonard Marie Poiseuille (1797–1869)
Franz Ernst Neumann (1798–1895)
Benoît Paul Émile Clapeyron (1799–1864)

19th century

Mikhail Ostrogradsky (1801–1862)
Carl Gustav Jacob Jacobi (1804–1851)
Viktor Bunyakovsky (1804–1889)
William Hamilton^º (1805–1865)
Samuel Earnshaw (1805–1888)
Julius Weisbach (1806–1871)
Joseph Liouville (1809–1882)
Auguste Bravais (1811–1863)
Osip Ivanovich Somov (1815–1876)
Charles-Eugène Delaunay (1816–1872)
William John Macquorn Rankine (1820–1872)
Pafnuty Chebyshev (1821–1894)
Hermann von Helmholtz‡† (1821–1894)
August Krönig (1822–1879)
Rudolf Clausius (1822–1888)
August Davidov (1823–1885)
Gustav Kirchhoff (1824–1887)
Bernhard Riemann (1826–1866)
Ludvig Lorenz (1829–1891)
James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879)
Johann Bauschinger (1834–1893)
Josef Stefan (1835–1893)
Sofia Kovalevskaya (1850–1891)
Pierre Henri Hugoniot (1851–1887)
Heinrich Hertz* (1857–1894)

19th–20th centuries

Sir George Stokes, 1st Baronet (1819–1903)
William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin* (1824–1907)
Johannes Diderik van der Waals (1837–1923)
George William Hill (1838–1914)
Ernst Mach (1838–1916)
Viktor von Lang (1838–1921)
J. Willard Gibbs†^ (1839–1903)
Ernst Abbe (1840–1905)
Osborne Reynolds (1842–1912)
John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh (1842–1919)
Joseph Valentin Boussinesq (1842–1929)
Ludwig Boltzmann (1844–1906)
Nikolay Umov (1846–1915)
Nikolay Zhukovsky (1847–1921)
Diederik Korteweg (1848–1941)
Horace Lamb (1849–1934)
Woldemar Voigt (1850–1919)
Oliver Heaviside (1850–1925)
Jacobus Kapteyn (1851–1922)
Arthur Schuster (1851–1934)
Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff (1852–1911)
John Henry Poynting (1852–1914)
Orest Khvolson (1852–1934)
Hendrik Lorentz (1853–1928)
Henri Poincaré (1854–1912)
Alfred Barnard Basset (1854–1930)
Emil Cohn (1854–1944)
Max Margules (1856–1920)
Carl Runge (1856–1927)
Anatole Leduc (1856–1937)
Aleksandr Lyapunov (1857–1918)
Konstantin Tsiolkovsky (1857–1935)
Joseph Larmor (1857–1942)
Maurice Couette (1858–1943)
Max Planck (1858–1947)
Karl Heun (1859–1929)
Vito Volterra (1860–1940)
Pierre Duhem (1861–1916)
Emil Wiechert (1861–1928)
Paul Drude (1863–1906)
Arthur Gordon Webster (1863–1923)
Augustus Edward Hough Love (1863–1940)
Hermann Minkowski (1864–1909)
Vladimir Steklov (1864–1926)
Wilhelm Wien (1864–1928)
Walther Nernst (1864–1941)
Pierre Weiss (1865–1940)
Pieter Zeeman (1865–1943)
Jacques Hadamard (1865–1963)
Gustav de Vries (1866–1934)
Martin Kutta (1867–1944)
Arnold Sommerfeld (1868–1951)
Gustav Mie (1868–1957)
Sergey Chaplygin (1869–1942)
Nikolai Kasterin (1869–1947)
Alfred-Marie Liénard (1869–1958)
Louis Bachelier (1870–1946)
Ernest Rutherford (1871–1937)
Émile Jouguet (1871–1943)
Boris Galerkin (1871–1945)
Martin Knudsen (1871–1949)
Émile Borel (1871–1956)
Marian Smoluchowski (1872–1917)
Paul Langevin (1872–1946)
Ludwik Silberstein (1872–1948)
Théophile de Donder (1872–1957)
Karl Schwarzschild (1873–1916)
Alfred Robb (1873–1936)
Tullio Levi-Civita (1873–1941)
E. T. Whittaker (1873–1956)
Friedrich Hasenöhrl (1874–1915)
Vagn Walfrid Ekman (1874–1954)
Max Abraham (1875–1922)
Gilbert N. Lewis (1875–1946)
Ludwig Prandtl (1875–1953)
Tatyana Ehrenfest-Afanasevaª (1876–1964)
James Jeans° (1877–1946)
Eduard Grüneisen (1877–1949)
Walther Ritz (1878–1909)
Marcel Grossmann (1878–1936)
Lise Meitner (1878–1968)
Stephen Timoshenko (1878–1972)
Leonid Mandelstam (1879–1944)
Carl Wilhelm Oseen (1879–1944)
Albert Einsteinº (1879–1955)
Nikolay Krylov (1879–1955)
Max von Laue (1879–1960)
Otto Sackur (1880–1914)
Paul Ehrenfest (1880–1933)
Leonard Ornstein (1880–1941)
Nikolai Dmitrievich Papaleksi (1880–1947)
Abram Ioffe (1880–1960)
Gunnar Nordström (1881–1923)
Jun Ishiwara (1881–1947)
Walter Rogowski (1881–1947)
Richard Tolman° (1881–1948)
Gustav Herglotz (1881–1953)
Irving Langmuir (1881–1957)
Theodore von Kármán (1881–1963)
Erwin Madelung (1881–1972)
Emmy Noether^ª (1882–1935)
Arthur Eddington (1882–1944)
Max Born (1882–1970)
Paul Sophus Epstein (1883–1966)
Ludwig Hopf (1884–1939)
Arthur Erich Haas (1884–1941)
George David Birkhoff (1884–1944)
David Enskog (1884–1947)
Peter Debye (1884–1966)
Vsevolod Frederiks (1885–1944)
Naum Idelson (1885–1951)
Theodor Kaluza (1885–1954)
Hermann Weyl (1885–1955)
Niels Bohr (1885–1962)
Victor Robertovich Bursian (1886–1945)
Rudolf Seeliger (1886–1965)
Paul Lévy (1886–1971)
Geoffrey Taylor (1886–1975)
Walter H. Schottky (1886–1976)
Richard Becker (1887–1955)
Erwin Schrödinger (1887–1961)
Charles Galton Darwin (1887–1962)
Adriaan Fokker (1887–1972)
Erich Kretschmann (1887–1973)
Hendrika Johanna van Leeuwen (1887–1974)
Waloddi Weibull (1887–1979)
Alexander Weinstein (1887–1979)
Ralph Walter Graystone Wyckoff (1887–1994)
Alexander Friedmann (1888–1925)
Walther Kossel (1888–1956)
Viktor Trkal (1888–1956)
Wilhelm Lenz (1888–1957)
Antonio Signorini (1888–1963)
Frits Zernike (1888–1966)
Sydney Chapman (1888–1970)
Joseph Proudman (1888–1975)
Alfred Landé (1888–1976)
Hans Thirring (1888–1976)
Paul Peter Ewald (1888–1985)
Ralph H. Fowler (1889–1944)
Léon Brillouin (1889–1969)
Wojciech Rubinowicz (1889–1974)
Harry Nyquist (1889–1976)
Edwin C. Kemble (1889–1984)
Yoshio Nishina (1890–1951)
Yurii Aleksandrovich Krutkov (1890–1952)
Josef Lense (1890–1985)
Arthur March (1891–1957)
Michael Polanyi (1891–1976)
Harold Jeffreys (1891–1989)
Arthur Holly Compton (1892–1962)
Karl Herzfeld (1892–1978)
Louis de Broglie (1892–1987)
Walter Gordon (1893–1939)
Meghnad Saha (1893–1956)
Erwin Fues (1893–1970)
Cornelius Lanczos (1893–1974)
Francis Murnaghan (1893–1976)
Adolf Kratzer (1893–1983)
Yakov Frenkel (1894–1952)
Hans Kramers (1894–1952)
John Lennard-Jones (1894–1954)
Aleksandr Khinchin (1894–1959)
Norbert Wiener (1894–1964)
Georges Lemaître (1894–1966)
Satyendra Nath Bose (1894–1974)
Oskar Klein (1894–1977)
Hugo Tetrode (1895–1931)
Karel Niessen (1895–1967)
Igor Tamm (1895–1971)
Vasily Vladimirovich Shuleikin (1895–1979)
Jan Burgers (1895–1981)
Aldo Pontremoli (1896–1928)
Boris Podolsky (1896–1966)
Erich Hückel (1896–1980)
Robert S. Mulliken (1896–1986)
Nikolay Semyonov (1896–1986)
Friedrich Hund (1896–1997)
Douglas Hartree (1897–1958)
Lewi Tonks (1897–1971)
Ivan Stranski (1897–1979)
Ali Moustafa Mosharafa (1898–1950)
Ronald Wilfred Gurney (1898–1953)
Leó Szilárd (1898–1964)
Leopold Infeld (1898–1968)
Yakov Dorfman (1898–1974)
Vladimir Fock (1898–1974)
Gregor Wentzel (1898–1978)
Isidor Isaac Rabi (1898–1988)
Ivar Waller (1898–1991)
Theodor Sexl (1899–1967)
Edmund Clifton Stoner (1899–1968)
John Hasbrouck Van Vleck (1899–1980)
Gregory Breit (1899–1981)
Otto Halpern (1899–1982)
Lothar Wolfgang Nordheim (1899–1985)
Pelageya Polubarinova-Kochina (1899–1999)
Fritz London (1900–1954)
Wolfgang Pauli (1900–1958)
William V. Houston (1900–1968)
John C. Slater (1900–1976)
Mikhail Lavrentyev (1900–1980)
Vladimir Rojansky (1900–1981)
George Eugene Uhlenbeck (1900–1988)
Lev Gerasimovich Loitsyanskii (1900–1991)
Ernst Ising (1900–1998)

20th century

Nikolai Kochin (1901–1944)
Aleksandr Andronov (1901–1952)
Enrico Fermi* (1901–1954)
Werner Heisenberg (1901–1976)
Werner Braunbeck (1901–1977)
Carl Wagner (1901–1977)
Anatoliy Lure (1901–1980)
Karl Bechert (1901–1981)
Henry Eyring (1901–1981)
Grete Hermann (1901–1984)
Yuri Rumer (1901–1985)
Edwin Albrecht Uehling (1901–1985)
Linus Pauling (1901–1994)
William Allis (1901–1999)
Alexander A. Witt (1902–1938)
Otto Laporte (1902–1971)
Carl Eckart (1902–1973)
Edward Condon (1902–1974)
Samuel Abraham Goudsmit (1902–1978)
Pascual Jordan (1902–1980)
Paul Dirac (1902–1984)
Alfred Kastler (1902–1984)
Eugene Wigner (1902–1995)
Hans Hellmann (1903–1938)
John von Neumann (1903–1957)
Howard P. Robertson (1903–1961)
Lars Onsager (1903–1976)
Jacques Yvon (1903–1979)
Helmut Hönl (1903–1981)
Mikhail Leontovich (1903–1981)
Philip M. Morse (1903–1985)
Andrey Kolmogorov (1903–1987)
Guido Beck (1903–1988)
Sydney Goldstein (1903–1989)
Llewellyn Thomas (1903–1992)
Bartel Leendert van der Waerden (1903–1996)
Bertha Swirles (1903–1999)
Meredith Gwynne Evans (1904–1952)
Robert Oppenheimer* (1904–1967)
George Gamow‡° (1904–1968)
Ilya Kibel (1904–1970)
Léon Rosenfeld (1904–1974)
Otto Robert Frisch (1904–1979)
Christian Møller (1904–1980)
Walter Heitler (1904–1981)
Joseph Edward Mayer (1904–1983)
Lev Gurevich (1904–1990)
Dmitri Ivanenko (1904–1994)
Ralph Kronig (1904–1995)
Yulii Khariton (1904–1996)
Louis Néel (1904–2000)
George Placzek (1905–1955)
Felix Bloch (1905–1983)
Ernst Stueckelberg (1905–1984)
Herbert Fröhlich (1905–1991)
Clarence Zener (1905–1993)
Nevill Francis Mott (1905–1996)
Matvei Bronstein (1906–1938)
Ettore Majorana (1906–1938)
Maria Goeppert-Mayerª (1906–1972)
Eugene Feenberg (1906–1977)
Sin-Itiro Tomonaga (1906–1979)
William Houlder Zachariasen (1906–1979)
Fritz Sauter (1906–1983)
Alan Herries Wilson (1906–1995)
John Gamble Kirkwood (1907–1959)
J. Hans D. Jensen (1907–1973)
Dmitrii Blokhintsev (1907–1979)
Hermann Arthur Jahn (1907–1979)
Hideki Yukawa (1907–1981)
Rudolf Peierls (1907–1995)
William Rarita (1907–1999)
Leonid I. Sedov (1907–1999)
Wu Ta-You (1907–2000)
Semen P. Shubin (1908–1938)
Felix Gantmacher (1908–1964)
Lev Landau (1908–1968)
Anatoly Vlasov (1908–1975)
Lyubomir Krastanov (1908–1977)
Harrie Massey (1908–1983)
Șerban Țițeica (1908–1985)
Valentine Bargmann (1908–1989)
Ilya Frank (1908–1990)
John Bardeen (1908–1991)
Milton S. Plesset (1908–1991)
Moisey Markov (1908–1994)
Josef Meixner (1908–1994)
Hannes Alfvén (1908–1995)
Viktor Ambartsumian (1908–1996)
Mikhail Elyashevich (1908–1996)
Sergei Mikhailovich Rytov (1908–1996)
Hans Euler (1909–1941)
Homi J. Bhabha (1909–1966)
Stanislaw Ulam (1909–1984)
Friedrich Bopp (1909–1987)
William Penney, Baron Penney (1909–1991)
Nikolay Bogolyubov (1909–1992)
Gian Carlo Wick (1909–1992)
Nathan Rosen (1909–1995)
Richard Duffin (1909–1996)
Ratip Berker (1909–1997)
Robert Serber (1909–1997)
Hendrik Casimir (1909–2000)
David A. Frank-Kamenetskii (1910–1970)
Aleksei Zinovyevich Petrov (1910–1972)
Charles Coulson (1910–1974)
Tjalling Koopmans (1910–1985)
Arseny Sokolov (1910–1986)
Anatoly Dorodnitsyn (1910–1994)
Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (1910–1995)
Vasiliy S. Fursov (1910–1998)
José Enrique Moyal (1910–1998)
Sergei Vonsovsky (1910–1998)
Tatiana Kontorovaª (1911–1977)
Mstislav Keldysh (1911–1978)
Carlo Cattaneo (1911–1979)
Gregory Hugh Wannier (1911–1983)
Klaus Fuchs (1911–1988)
Arkady Migdal (1911–1991)
Paul Weiss (1911–1991)
Walter Franz (1911–1992)
Richard Buckingham (1911–1994)
William Alfred Fowler (1911–1995)
Nicholas Kemmer (1911–1998)
Aleksander Akhiezer (1911–2000)
R. E. Siday (1912–1956)
Heinrich Welker (1912–1981)
Konrad Bleuler (1912–1992)
Mikhail Volkenshtein (1912–1992)
Alexander Davydov (1912–1993)
Siegfried Flügge (1912–1997)
Aleksandr Aleksandrov (1912–1999)
Sidney Dancoff (1913–1951)
Isaak Pomeranchuk (1913–1966)
Vladimir Borisovich Berestetskii (1913–1977)
Boris Stepanov (1913–1987)
Frederik Belinfante (1913–1991)
Bruno Pontecorvo (1913–1993)
Alexander Kompaneets (1914–1974)
Henry Primakoff (1914–1983)
Mark Kac (1914–1984)
Yakov Zeldovich (1914–1987)
Bernard Lippmann (1914–1988)
Lyman Spitzer (1914–1997)
George Michael Volkoff (1914–2000)
Leonard I. Schiff (1915–1971)
Ely Eugene Bell (1915–1973)
Günther Leibfried (1915–1977)
Theodore Holstein (1915–1985)
Evgeny Lifshitz (1915–1985)
Leonid Biberman (1915–1998)
Oleg Firsov (1915–1998)
Nicholas Metropolis (1915–1999)
John D. Eshelby (1916–1981)
Elliott Waters Montroll (1916–1983)
Iosif Shklovsky (1916–1985)
Kirill Petrovich Stanyukovich (1916–1989)
Robert Marshak (1916–1992)
Kirill Tolpygo (1916–1994)
Robert Dicke (1916–1997)
Robert G. Sachs (1916–1999)
Per-Olov Löwdin (1916–2000)
Theodore H. Berlin (1917–1962)
Imre Fényes (1917–1977)
Ilya Lifshitz (1917–1982)
Yevgeny Zababakhin (1917–1984)
Solomon Pekar (1917–1985)
James Rainwater (1917–1986)
Veniamin Levich (1917–1987)
Yurii Perlin (1917–1990)
David Bohm (1917–1992)
Yakov Smorodinskii (1917–1992)
Dmitry Zubarev (1917–1992)
Herman Feshbach (1917–2000)
Richard Feynman (1918–1988)
Res Jost (1918–1990)
Harold Hopkins (1918–1994)
Kirill Gurov (1918–1994)
Julian Schwinger (1918–1994)
Max Dresden (1918–1997)
Irving Segal (1918–1998)
James Hamilton (1918–2000)
Abraham Pais (1918–2000)
Herbert Callen (1919–1993)
Julius Ashkin (1920–1982)
Ryogo Kubo (1920–1995)
Gerhart Lüders (1920–1995)
Herbert S. Green (1920–1999)
Sergei Tyablikov (1921–1968)
Sigurd Zienau (1921–1976)
Andrei Sakharov (1921–1989)
John M. Blatt (1921–1990)
Feza Gürsey (1921–1992)
Igor Ternov (1921–1996)
Melville S. Green (1922–1979)
Ernst G. Straus (1922–1983)
Lawrence Biedenharn (1922–1996)
Jens Lindhard (1922–1997)
Claude Bloch (1923–1971)
Kurt Symanzik (1923–1983)
Harold Grad (1923–1986)
Joaquin Mazdak Luttinger (1923–1997)
Gregory Pikus (1923–1998)
Louis Michel (1923–1999)
Victor M. Galitskii (1924–1981)
Léon Van Hove (1924–1990)
Gregory Garibian (1924–1991)
Juan José Giambiagi (1924–1996)
Harry Lehmann (1924–1998)
Efim Fradkin (1924–1999)
John Clive Ward (1924–2000)
Sam Treiman (1925–1999)
Stig Lundqvist (1925–2000)
Gunnar Källén (1926–1968)
Rem Khokhlov (1926–1977)
Stuart Thomas Butler (1926–1982)
Eugene P. Gross (1926–1991)
Abdus Salam (1926–1996)
David Abramovich Kirzhnits (1926–1998)
Dennis Sciama (1926–1999)
Rudolph Max Sternheimer (1926–2000)
Aneesur Rahman (1927–1987)
Yuri Yappa (1927–1998)
Rolf Landauer (1927–1999)
Robert Mills (1927–1999)
John Stewart Bell (1928–1990)
Richard E. Cutkosky (1928–1993)
Gurgen Askaryan (1928–1997)
Mikhail Krivoglaz (1929–1988)
David Klyshko (1929–2000)
Viktor Kovarskii (1929–2000)
Hugh Everett (1930–1982)
Vladimir Gribov (1930–1997)
Ruslan Stratonovich (1930–1997)
Felix Berezin (1931–1980)
John Hubbard (1931–1980)
Revaz Dogonadze (1931–1985)
Emanuil Kaner (1931–1986)
Luciano Fonda (1931–1998)
Igor Kobzarev (1932–1991)
J. J. Sakurai (1933–1982)
Leopoldo Máximo Falicov (1933–1995)
Shivaramakrishnan Pancharatnam (1934–1969)
Alexey Andreevich Anselm (1934–1998)
Vadim Berezinskii (1935–1980)
Peter A. Carruthers (1935–1997)
Victor Popov (1937–1994)
Roger Dashen (1938–1995)
Claude Itzykson (1938–1995)
Judah Moshe Eisenberg (1938–1998)
Arkady Aronov (1939–1994)
Michael Marinov (1939–2000)
Herbert H. Chen (1942–1987)
Dan Walls (1942–1999)
Elizabeth Gardnerª (1957–1988)
Vadim Knizhnik (1962–1987)

20th–21st century

Hans Bethe° (1906–2005)
Melba Phillips (1907–2004)
László Tisza (1907–2009)
Victor Weisskopf (1908–2002)
Edward Teller (1908–2003)
Werner Romberg (1909–2003)
Leslie Howarth (1911–2001)
John Wheeler (1911–2008)
Frederick Seitz (1911–2008)
Ugo Fano (1912–2001)
Naum Meiman (1912–2001)
Evgenii Feinberg (1912–2005)
Markus Fierz (1912–2006)
Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker (1912–2007)
Harald Keres (1912–2010)
Maurice Pryce (1913–2003)
Willis Lamb (1913–2008)
Conyers Herring (1914–2009)
Anatole Abragam (1914–2011)
Morton Hamermesh (1915–2003)
Ivan Supek (1915–2007)
David Turnbull (1915–2007)
Jan Korringa (1915–2015)
Charles H. Townes (1915–2015)
Harold Neville Vazeille Temperley (1915–2017)
Alexey Bonch-Bruevich (1916–2006)
Frank Nabarro (1916–2006)
Vitaly Ginzburg (1916–2009)
Paolo Budinich (1916–2013)
Charles Kittel (1916–2019)
Ilya Prigogine (1917–2003)
Yurii Mitropolskiy (1917–2008)
Morikazu Toda (1917–2010)
Arthur Iberall (1918–2002)
Theodore A. Welton (1918–2010)
Clemens C. J. Roothaan (1918–2019)
Dirk ter Haar (1919–2002)
Rolf Hagedorn (1919–2003)
Hermann Bondi (1919–2005)
Huang Kun (1919–2005)
Wolfgang K. H. Panofsky (1919–2007)
Peter Westervelt (1919–2015)
Isaak Khalatnikov (1919–2021)
Brian Pippard (1920–2008)
Cyril Domb (1920–2012)
James Bruce French (1921–2002)
Felix Villars (1921–2002)
Giovanni Rossi Lomanitz (1921–2003)
Francis E. Low (1921–2007)
Ostap Parasyuk (1921–2f007)
Akiva Yaglom (1921–2007)
Andrew M. Gleason (1921–2008)
Nico van Kampen (1921–2013)
Eugen Merzbacher (1921–2013)
Albert Messiah (1921–2013)
Jacques Friedel (1921–2014)
Moisei Isaakovich Kaganov (1921–2014)
Takeo Matsubara (1921–2014)
Yoichiro Nambu (1921–2015)
Louis Witten (born 1921)
Peter Mazur (1922–2001)
Melvin Lax (1922–2002)
William Cochran (1922–2003)
Behram Kurşunoğlu (1922–2003)
Herbert Goldstein (1922–2005)
Karen Ter-Martirosian (1922–2005)
Aage Bohr (1922–2009)
Arthur Wightman (1922–2013)
Marvin Leonard Goldberger (1922–2014)
Rudolf Haag (1922–2016)
Otfried Madelung (1922–2017)
Emil Wolf (1922–2018)
Richard J. Eden (1922–2021)
Chen-Ning Yang (born 1922)
Bryce DeWitt (1923–2004)
Christopher Longuet-Higgins (1923–2004)
Peter A. Wolff (1923–2013)
Bruno Zumino (1923–2014)
Walter Kohn (1923–2016)
H. Pierre Noyes (1923–2016)
Spartak Belyaev (1923–2017)
Philip Warren Anderson (1923–2020)
Freeman Dyson (1923–2020)
Laurie Brown (born 1923)
Pierre Aigrain (1924–2002)
Yuri L. Klimontovich (1924–2002)
Albert Hibbs (1924–2003)
Amal Kumar Raychaudhuri (1924–2005)
Evan O'Neill Kane (1924–2006)
Edwin Ernest Salpeter (1924–2008)
Frank Buff (1924–2009)
Benoit Mandelbrot (1924–2010)
Yasushi Takahashi (1924–2013)
Keith Brueckner (1924–2014)
David Pines (1924–2018)
Geoffrey Chew (1924–2019)
Yuri Orlov (1924–2020)
Suraj N. Gupta (born 1924)
Nicolaas Marinus Hugenholtz (born 1924)
John Pople (1925–2004)
Ted Taylor (1925–2004)
Renfrey Potts (1925–2005)
John Ziman (1925–2005)
Martin David Kruskal (1925–2006)
Yuval Ne'eman (1925–2006)
Albert Overhauser (1925–2011)
Martin Gutzwiller (1925–2014)
Norman Rostoker (1925–2014)
John David Jackson (1925–2016)
Roy J. Glauber (1925–2018)
George G. Hall (1925–2018)
Toichiro Kinoshita (born 1925)
Nándor Balázs (1926–2003)
Erdal İnönü (1926–2007)
Karl Rebane (1926–2007)
Nikolai Borisovich Delone (1926–2008)
George Klaus Horton (1926–2009)
Vladimir Y. Fainberg (1926–2010)
Gerald E. Brown (1926–2013)
Anatoly Logunov (1926–2015)
Sidney Drell (1926–2016)
Viktor P. Silin (1926–2019)
Jerome K. Percus (1926-2021)
Kenneth W. Ford (born 1926)
Boris Ioffe (born 1926)
Peter Lax (born 1926)
Tsung-Dao Lee (born 1926)
Ben Roy Mottelson (born 1926)
Eugene Irving Blount (1927–2005)
Michel Baranger (1927–2014)
Walter Thirring (1927–2014)
Cyrano de Dominicis (1927–2017)
Werner Liniger (1927–2017)
Elihu Abrahams (1927–2018)
Michael Woolfson (1927–2019)
Alf Sjölander (1927–2020)
Yuri Raizer (1927–2021)
Murray Gerstenhaber (born 1927)
Hermann Haken (born 1927)
Emmanuel Rashba (born 1927)
Vladimir I. Ritus (born 1927)
Sergio Fubini (1928–2005)
Arnold Kosevich (1928–2006)
Vladimir I. Perel (1928–2007)
Boris Chirikov (1928–2008)
Robert Kraichnan (1928–2008)
Reinhard Oehme (1928–2010)
Robert Brout (1928–2011)
Richard Arnowitt (1928–2014)
Samuel Edwards (1928–2015)
Abner Shimony (1928–2015)
John W. Cahn (1928–2016)
Stephen Gasiorowicz (1928–2016)
Kerson Huang (1928–2016)
Stanley Mandelstam (1928–2016)
Dmitry Shirkov (1928–2016)
Wolfhart Zimmermann (1928–2016)
Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov (1928–2017)
Roger Elliott (1928–2018)
Louis A. Girifalco (1928–2018)
Yurii Kagan (1928–2019)
Tatiana Birshteinª (1928–2022)
Isaac B. Bersuker (born 1928)
Franco Bassani (1929–2008)
Jürgen Ehlers (1929–2008)
Vitaly Shafranov (1929–2014)
Lev Okun (1929–2015)
David Finkelstein (1929–2016)
Lev Gor'kov (1929–2016)
Norman Zabusky (1929–2018)
Murray Gell-Mann (1929–2019)
Ezra T. Newman (1929–2021)
Vladimir Moiseevich Agranovich (born 1929)
George B. Field (born 1929)
Semyon Gershtein (born 1929)
Kurt Gottfried (born 1929)
Peter Higgs (born 1929)
Asoke Nath Mitra (born 1929)
Friedwardt Winterberg (born 1929)
Joshua Zak (born 1929)
Antonino Zichichi (born 1929)
Lars Hedin (1930–2002)
Albert Tavkhelidze (1930–2010)
Riazuddin (1930–2013)
Marvin D. Girardeau (1930–2015)
Raymond Stora (1930–2015)
Mildred Dresselhaus (1930–2017)
George Herbert Weiss (1930–2017)
Richard M. Weiner (1930–2020)
Gerasim Eliashberg (1930–2021)
John Polkinghorne (1930–2021)
Jun Kondo (1930–2022)
Leon Cooper (born 1930)
Aleksandr Gurevich (born 1930)
Walter A. Harrison (born 1930)
Volker Heine (born 1930)
Lawrence Paul Horwitz (born 1930)
Martin Karplus (born 1930)
Joel Lebowitz (born 1930)
Anatoly Nikishov (born 1930)
Viktor Maslov (born 1930)
John Clayton Taylor (born 1930)
Valentin Turchin (1931–2010)
Richard Liboff (1931–2014)
Tullio Regge (1931–2014)
Vladimir Braginsky* (1931–2016)
Leonid Keldysh (1931–2016)
Paul C. Martin (1931–2016)
Leonid Maksimov (1931–2018)
George Sudarshan (1931–2018)
John Robert Schrieffer (1931–2019)
Loup Verlet (1931–2019)
Igor Dzyaloshinskii (1931–2021)
Michael Fisher (1931–2021)
Martinus Veltman (1931–2021)
Stanley Deser (born 1931)
Polina S. Landa (born 1931)
Alexei A. Maradudin (born 1931)
Mark Nelkin (born 1931)
Luis de la Peña (born 1931)
Roger Penrose (born 1931)
Valery Pokrovsky (born 1931)
Anatoly Larkin (1932–2005)
Radu Bălescu (1932–2006)
H. Dieter Zeh (1932–2018)
Mark Azbel (1932–2020)
Yakir Aharonov (born 1932)
Claude Bouchiat (born 1932)
François Englert (born 1932)
Sheldon Glashow (born 1932)
John R. Klauder (born 1932)
Elliott H. Lieb (born 1932)
Charles W. Misner (born 1932)
Philippe Nozières (born 1932)
Stuart A. Rice (born 1932)
Roald Sagdeev (born 1932)
John Dirk Walecka (born 1932)
Alexandr Dykhne (1933–2005)
Moshe Carmeli (1933–2007)
Alexander Alekseevich Vedenov (1933–2008)
Tom Kibble (1933–2016)
Steven Weinberg (1933–2021)
Roger Balian (born 1933)
Steven Frautschi (born 1933)
Jeffrey Goldstone (born 1933)
John Hopfield (born 1933)
James Charles Phillips (born 1933)
Lev Pitaevskii (born 1933)
Gerald Harris Rosen (born 1933)
Andrzej Trautman (born 1933)
Julius Wess (1934–2007)
Evgenii Maksimov (1934–2011)
Manuel Cardona (1934–2014)
Marcel Froissart (1934–2015)
Ludvig Faddeev (1934–2017)
Pierre Hohenberg (1934–2017)
Michael Nauenberg (1934–2019)
David J. Thouless (1934–2019)
Miron Amusia (1934–2021)
Hiranmay Sen Gupta (1934–2022)
James Bjorken (born 1934)
Lowell Brown (born 1934)
Sebastian Doniach (born 1934)
John G. Cramer (born 1934)
Rodney Loudon (born 1934)
Albert Schwarz (born 1934)
Jacques Villain (born 1934)
Fred Alan Wolf (born 1934)
George Zaslavsky (1935–2008)
Nicola Cabibbo (1935–2010)
Walter Greiner (1935–2016)
Oktay Sinanoğlu (1935–2015)
Giancarlo Ghirardi (1935–2018)
Gordon Baym (born 1935)
Carl H. Brans (born 1935)
Francesco Calogero (born 1935)
Marvin L. Cohen (born 1935)
Richard M. Friedberg (born 1935)
Hanoch Gutfreund (born 1935)
N. David Mermin (born 1935)
Harald J.W. Mueller-Kirsten (born 1935)
Igor Dmitriyevich Novikov (born 1935)
Askold M. Perelomov (born 1935)
David Ruelle (born 1935)
Yakov Sinai (born 1935)
Evgeny Velikhov (born 1935)
Herbert Wagner (born 1935)
Kenneth G. Wilson (1936–2013)
Gerald Guralnik (1936–2014)
Peter Freund (1936–2018)
Leonid A. Falkovsky (1936–2020)
Abdul Qadeer Khan (1936–2021)
Werner Ebeling (physicist) (born 1936)
Klaus Hepp (born 1936)
Rudolf Muradyan (born 1936)
Harold Puthoff (born 1936)
Praveen Chaudhari (1937–2007)
Sidney Coleman (1937–2007)
Vladimir Arnold (1937–2010)
David Olive (1937–2012)
Leo Kadanoff (1937–2015)
Dietrich Kremp (1937–2017)
Jill Bonner (1937–2021)
Wolfgang Götze (1937–2021)
Alexander Fetter (born 1937)
C. R. Hagen (born 1937)
Iosif Khriplovich (born 1937)
Leonid Pastur (born 1937)
Tung-Mow Yan (born 1937)
George Zweig (born 1937)
Mikhail Petrovich Rekalo (1938–2004)
Balázs Győrffy (1938–2012)
Neil Ashcroft (1938–2021)
Alexander Animalu (born 1938)
Boris Arbuzov (born 1938)
A. P. Balachandran (born 1938)
Édouard Brézin (born 1938)
Vitaly Efimov (born 1938)
Alexei L. Efros (born 1938)
Vladimir P. Krainov (born 1938)
Anthony James Leggett (born 1938)
Jayant Narlikar (born 1938)
Peter van Nieuwenhuizen (born 1938)
Sergei Novikov (born 1938)
Leonard Parker (born 1938)
Lu Jeu Sham (born 1938)
Boris Struminsky (1939–2003)
Roger Cowley (1939–2015)
Yoseph Imry (1939–2018)
Ratko Janev (1939–2019)
Giuseppe Pastori Parravicini (1939–2019)
Stephen L. Adler (born 1939)
Alexander F. Andreev (born 1939)
James M. Bardeen (born 1939)
Carlo Becchi (born 1939)
Daniel Z. Freedman (born 1939)
James Hartle (born 1939)
Roman Jackiw (born 1939)
Pran Nath (born 1939)
Ramamurti Rajaraman (born 1939)
Marlan Scully (born 1939)
Andrei Slavnov (born 1939)
Vladimir E. Zakharov (born 1939)
Francisco José Ynduráin (1940–2008)
Alexei Fridman (1940–2010)
Stanislav Mikheyev (1940–2011)
Marshall Stoneham (1940–2011)
Lev Lipatov (1940–2017)
Toshihide Maskawa (1940–2021)
Miguel Ángel Virasoro (1940–2021)
Stanley Brodsky (born 1940)
Juansher Chkareuli (born 1940)
Mikhail Dyakonov (born 1940)
Eleftherios Economou (born 1940)
Uriel Frisch (born 1940)
Peter Grassberger (born 1940)
Göran Grimvall (born 1940)
Haim Harari (born 1940)
John Iliopoulos (born 1940)
Brian Josephson (born 1940)
Dmitri Ryutov (born 1940)
Leonard Susskind (born 1940)
Kip Thorne (born 1940)
Igor Tyutin (born 1940)
Valentin Ivanovich Zakharov (born 1940)
Brosl Hasslacher (1941–2005)
Guido Altarelli (1941–2015)
Thomas Appelquist (born 1941)
William A. Bardeen (born 1941)
Vladimir Belinski (born 1941)
Michael Berry (born 1941)
David Gross (born 1941)
Bertrand Halperin (born 1941)
Luciano Maiani (born 1941)
Jeffrey Mandula (born 1941)
Peter Minkowski (born 1941)
Holger Bech Nielsen (born 1941)
Peter Pulay (born 1941)
T. V. Ramakrishnan (born 1941)
John Henry Schwarz (born 1941)
Stephen Hawking (1942–2018)
Alexander Belavin (born 1942)
Curtis Callan (born 1942)
Victor Sergeevich Fadin (born 1942)
Crispin Gardiner (born 1942)
Robert Geroch (born 1942)
David J. Griffiths (born 1942)
Konrad Osterwalder (born 1942)
Yves Pomeau (born 1942)
Alain Rouet (born 1942)
Michael Shur (born 1942)
Arkady Vainshtein (born 1942)
Gabriele Veneziano (born 1942)
Amnon Aharony (born 1943)
V. Balakrishnan (born 1943)
Carl M. Bender (born 1943)
Charles Bennett (born 1943)
Paul Frampton (born 1943)
Harald Fritzsch (born 1943)
J. Michael Kosterlitz (born 1943)
John Perdew (born 1943)
Richard H. Price (born 1943)
Pierre Ramond (born 1943)
Rashid Sunyaev (born 1943)
Erio Tosatti (born 1943)
Jean Zinn-Justin (born 1943)
Mitchell Feigenbaum (1944–2019)
Kurt Binder (born 1944)
Makoto Kobayashi (born 1944)
Alexander Kuzemsky (born 1944)
Rabindra Mohapatra (born 1944)
Anthony Ichiro Sanda (born 1944)
Boris Shklovskii (born 1944)
Michael Thorpe (born 1944)
Rod Crewther (1945–2020)
Sergio Ferrara (born 1945)
Peter Goddard (born 1945)
Alexander Migdal (born 1945)
Michele Parrinello (born 1945)
Alexander Markovich Polyakov (born 1945)
Nikolai Shakura (born 1945)
Israel Michael Sigal (born 1945)
W. G. Unruh (born 1945)
Bernard de Wit (born 1945)
Jakob Yngvason (born 1945)
Anthony Zee (born 1945)
Gennady Chibisov (1946–2008)
Viacheslav Belavkin (1946–2012)
Vladimir Fortov (1946–2020)
Lorenz S. Cederbaum (born 1946)
İsmail Hakkı Duru (born 1946)
Michael Green (born 1946)
Gerardus 't Hooft (born 1946)
André Neveu (born 1946)
Charles Thorn (born 1946)
Grigori E. Volovik (born 1946)
Jean-Bernard Zuber (born 1946)
William E. Caswell (1947–2001)
Jacob Bekenstein (1947–2012)
Claudio Bunster (born 1947)
Roberto Car (born 1947)
John Cardy (born 1947)
Jürg Fröhlich (born 1947)
Howard Georgi (born 1947)
Alan Guth (born 1947)
John Joannopoulos (born 1947)
Michio Kaku (born 1947)
Walter Selke (born 1947)
Robert Shekhter (born 1947)
Henry Tye (born 1947)
Robert Wald (born 1947)
Erick Weinberg (born 1947)
Anna N. Żytkow (born 1947)
Thomas Curtright (born 1948)
Gabor Forgacs (born 1948)
Eugene Levich (born 1948)
Andrei Linde (born 1948)
Dimitri Nanopoulos (born 1948)
Don Page (born 1948)
Giorgio Parisi (born 1948)
Douglas Ross (born 1948)
Michael F. Shlesinger (born 1948)
Georgy Shlyapnikov (born 1948)
Alexei Starobinsky (born 1948)
Toshiki Tajima (born 1948)
Vladimir Tikhonchuk (born 1948)
Bennie Ward (born 1948)
Dmitry Igorevich Dyakonov (1949–2012)
Nihat Berker (born 1949)
Tekin Dereli (born 1949)
Ayşe Erzan (born 1949)
Alexander Grosberg (born 1949)
Steven Gwon Sheng Louie (born 1949)
Richard G. Palmer (born 1949)
Hugh David Politzer (born 1949)
Itamar Procaccia (born 1949)
Mikhail Shifman (born 1949)
Alexander Vilenkin (born 1949)
Konstantin Efetov (1950–2021)
Carlton M. Caves (born 1950)
Sylvester James Gates (born 1950)
Robert B. Laughlin (born 1950)
Berndt Müller (born 1950)
Stephen Parke (born 1950)
Johann Rafelski (born 1950)
Goran Senjanovic (born 1950)
Kyriakos Tamvakis (born 1950)
Shuichi Nosé (1951–2005)
Demetrios Christodoulou (born 1951)
Ignazio Ciufolini (born 1951)
Thibault Damour (born 1951)
F. Duncan Haldane (born 1951)
Christopher T. Hill (born 1951)
Allan H. MacDonald (born 1951)
Alexei Smirnov (born 1951)
Frank Wilczek (born 1951)
Edward Witten (born 1951)
Cosmas Zachos (born 1951)
Wojciech H. Zurek (born 1951)
Alexei Zamolodchikov (1952–2007)
Ian Affleck (born 1952)
Bernard Derrida (born 1952)
Paul Steinhardt (born 1952)
Horst Stöcker (born 1952)
Christof Wetterich (born 1952)
Alexander Zamolodchikov (born 1952)
Peter Zoller (born 1952)
Mikhail Voloshin (1953–2020)
Ali Chamseddine (born 1953)
David Deutsch (born 1953)
Boris Feigin (born 1953)
Eberhard Gross (born 1953)
Stephan W. Koch (born 1953)
John Preskill (born 1953)
Sankar Das Sarma (born 1953)
Daniel L. Stein (born 1953)
José W. F. Valle (born 1953)
Mark B. Wise (born 1953)
Peter Guy Wolynes (born 1953)
Joseph Polchinski (1954–2018)
Alexandre Bouzdine (born 1954)
Mikhail Feigelman (born 1954)
Alexey Khokhlov (born 1954)
Lawrence M. Krauss (born 1954)
Michael Loss (born 1954)
David Vanderbilt (born 1954)
Julia Yeomans (born 1954)
Barton Zwiebach (born 1954)
Boris Altshuler (born 1955)
Dietrich Belitz (born 1955)
Gilles Brassard (born 1955)
Valery Rubakov (born 1955)
Augusto Sagnotti (born 1955)
Lee Smolin (born 1955)
Zlatko Tesanovic (1956–2012)
Kurt Kremer (born 1956)
David Lindley (born 1956)
Dieter Lüst (born 1956)
Fulvio Melia (born 1956)
Viatcheslav Mukhanov (born 1956)
Carlo Rovelli (born 1956)
Susan M. Scottª (born 1956)
Nathan Seiberg (born 1956)
Ashoke Sen (born 1956)
Lev Kofman (1957–2009)
Thanu Padmanabhan (1957–2021)
Mehran Kardar (born 1957)
Mikhail Katsnelson (born 1957)
Joseph Lykken (born 1957)
Marc Mézard (born 1957)
Peter Woit (born 1957)
Piers Coleman (born 1958)
David Tannor (born 1958)
Neil Turok (born 1958)
Erich Runge (born 1959)
Stephen Wolfram (born 1959)
Carlo Beenakker (born 1960)
David Drabold (born 1960)
Raymond Laflamme (born 1960)
Cumrun Vafa (born 1960)
John C. Baez (born 1961)
Jacques Distler (born 1961)
Michael R. Douglas (born 1961)
Gian F. Giudice (born 1961)
Maksim Kagan (born 1961)
Subir Sachdev (born 1961)
Erik Verlinde (born 1961)
Xiao-Gang Wen (born 1961)
Jean-Philippe Bouchaud (born 1962)
Marcela Carena (born 1962)
Igor Klebanov (born 1962)
Lisa Randallª (born 1962)
Carlos E.M. Wagner (born 1962)
Gerald B. Cleaver (born 1963)
Brian Greene (born 1963)
Alexei Kitaev (born 1963)
Miguel Alcubierre (born 1964)
Raman Sundrum (born 1964)
Ángel Rubio (born 1965)
Sean M. Carroll (born 1966)
Stephen Hsu (born 1966)
Durmus A. Demir (born 1967)
João Magueijo (born 1967)
Natalia Berloff (born 1968)
Jeff Forshaw (born 1968)
Antony Garrett Lisi (born 1968)
Juan Maldacena (born 1968)
Vijay Balasubramanian (born 1969)
Laura Mersini-Houghtonª (born 1969)
Dam Thanh Son (born 1969)
Mikhail Lukin (born 1971)
Vlatko Vedral (born 1971)
Steven Gubser (1972–2019)
Nima Arkani-Hamed (born 1972)
Shiraz Minwalla (born 1972)
Maxim Chernodub (born 1973)
Luboš Motl (born 1973)
Cédric Villani (born 1973)
Yasunori Nomura (born 1974)
Robert Seiringer (born 1976)
Bianca Dittrichª (born 1977)
Davide Gaiotto (born 1977)
K. S. Babu (born)

Fictional theoretical physicists

Notes

* Experimentalist also

º Astronomer, astrophysicist or cosmologist also

^ Developed new mathematics

† Contributed to chemistry

‡ Contributed to biology

ª Women in theoretical physics

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