Stock Exchange of Thailand

The Stock Exchange of Thailand (Thai: ตลาดหลักทรัพย์แห่งประเทศไทย), or SET, is the only stock exchange in Thailand. Founded on 30 April 1975, it is ASEAN’s second largest and the world's 23rd by market capitalization at US$599 billion as of 31 March 2022.[1] From 2015 to June 2020 it was the biggest IPO market in Southeast Asia in terms of accumulated raised fund at USD 17.8 billion (THB 598.0147 billion). It is also the region’s most active bourse for 10 consecutive years with daily trading turnover normally exceeding USD 2 billion.

The Stock Exchange of Thailand
SET
ตลาดหลักทรัพย์แห่งประเทศไทย
TypeStock exchange
LocationBangkok, Thailand
Coordinates13.763738°N 100.56737°E / 13.763738; 100.56737
Founded30 April 1975 (1975-04-30)
Key peoplePakorn Peetathawatchai, President since 1 June 2018
CurrencyThai baht
Market cap19.96679 trillion baht (31 March 2022)
Websitewww.set.or.th

There are 781 listed companies as of 29 April 2022: 597 companies on the main exchange and 184 on Market for Alternative Investment (mai) which was established for smaller companies.[2]

Apart from common stocks, investors can trade other types of securities including warrant, derivative warrant (DW), depositary receipt (DR), exchange-traded fund (ETF), property fund (PF)/ real estate investment trust (REIT) and infrastructure fund. The exchange also runs a separate market for derivatives.

In recent years, the number of market participants has risen sharply:[3] trading accounts has increased almost 10 times from 2008 to 2022.[4] Based on the number of investors, about 3% of people in Thailand participate in the stock market.

SET index is the oldest and the most cited equity index in Thailand. It made intraday all-time high at 1852.51 on 27 February 2018, surpassing the previous high of 1789.16 in January 1994.

SET has stricter price regulations than some other exchanges, normally disallowing stock prices to rise or drop more than 30% in a day.[5]

Overview

As of August 2021, the Thai bourse attracted investors from 124 countries, up from 116 the previous year. The top ten nationalities’ holdings of Thai stocks amounted to USD 147.5 billion (THB 4.77 trillion), accounting for 93.7 percent of all foreign stock ownership. The rank of the first seven nationalities remained unchanged from the previous year: the UK, Singapore, Hong Kong, Switzerland, the US, Japan and Mauritius.

There has been growing interest in overseas investment. The US, China (including Hong Kong) and Vietnam are among the most popular, followed by Europe and India. Currently, the exchange has no foreign listing but ones can invest overseas by buying DR (depository receipt) which has been launched since 2018 as well as ETF.

To attract foreign investors and encourage cross-investment among themselves, six exchanges in ASEAN work together to make it easier to invest in Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam.[6] Other ASEAN countries namely Cambodia, Laos and Myanmar also have exchanges with the exception of Brunei.

History

The Stock Exchange of Thailand

A precursor Bangkok Stock Exchange was established in July 1962 as a private entity. It finally ceased operations in the early 1970s due to a lack of government support and limited interest and understanding of the equity market among populace.[7]

In 1972, the Thai government took a step in creating a capital market. The changes extended government control and regulation over the operations of finance and securities companies, which until then had operated fairly freely. Then in May 1974, long-awaited legislation for the incorporation of SET was enacted to provide securities trading in order to promote savings and mobilize domestic capital. This was followed by revisions to the Revenue Code at the end of the year, allowing the investment of savings in the capital market. By 1975, the basic legislative framework was in place and on 30 April 1975, the Securities Exchange of Thailand officially started trading. On 1 January 1991 the name was formally changed to the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET).[8]

Thailand Futures Exchange (TFEX), a subsidiary of the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET), was established on 17 May 2004 as a derivatives exchange. On 28 April 2006 SET50 Index Futures was launched as the first product. Single Stock Futures was first launched on 24 November 2008. Derivative warrant was launched on 9 July 2009.[9][10]

Trading
See also: Block trade

SET began fully computerized trading in April 1991. The system allows brokers to advertise their buy or sell interests by announcing bid or offer prices. Members may then deal directly with each other, either on behalf of their clients or for themselves. Prices may be adjusted during the negotiation; hence, the effective executed price may not be the same as that advertised and may not follow the price spread rules. After concluding negotiations, dealers must send details of the results for recording purposes.[11]

Trading through mobile device began in 2010 with the launch of settrade streaming for iPhone according to SET's 2010 annual report (page 36).[10]

Tick sizes
minimum price movements[12]
pricetick size
less than 20.01
2 up to less than 50.02
5 up to less than 100.05
10 up to less than 250.1
25 up to less than 1000.25
100 up to less than 2000.5
200 up to less than 4001.00
400 up2.00

References
  1. "ตลาดหลักทรัพย์แห่งประเทศไทย – Market Overview".
  2. "ตลาดหลักทรัพย์แห่งประเทศไทย – สรุปจำนวนหลักทรัพย์และบริษัทจดทะเบียน".
  3. "ตลาดหลักทรัพย์แห่งประเทศไทย – สรุปสถิติสำคัญของตลาดหลักทรัพย์".
  4. "ตลาดหลักทรัพย์แห่งประเทศไทย – สรุปสถิติสำคัญของตลาดหลักทรัพย์".
  5. Eustance Huang. "Thai stock exchange president: Volatility has 'reduced significantly'". Cnbc.com. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
  6. "ASEAN exchanges".
  7. "The Stock Exchange of Thailand – About SET – SET Overview". Set.or.th. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
  8. "History & Roles". Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET). Retrieved 24 July 2020.
  9. "Thailand Futures Exchange – About TFEX – At a Glance". TFEX. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
  10. "ตลาดหลักทรัพย์แห่งประเทศไทย – เกี่ยวกับตลาดหลักทรัพย์ฯ – รายงานประจำปี". Set.or.th. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
  11. "The Stock Exchange of Thailand – Supervision of Market – Trading system and procedure". The Stock Exchange of Thailand. Retrieved 1 July 2011.
  12. "The Stock Exchange of Thailand – Products & Services – Trading Procedure – Equities Trading". Set.or.th. Retrieved 12 April 2022.
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