Paul Spoonley

Paul Spoonley (born 1951) is a New Zealand sociologist and professor at Massey University where his specialist area is social change and demography and how this impacts policy decisions at the political level. Spoonley has led numerous externally funded research programmes, written or edited twenty-seven books and is a regular commentator in the news media. Educated both in New Zealand and England, his work on racism, immigration and ethnicity is widely discussed in the wake of the Christchurch mosque shootings (2019) and the COVID-19 pandemic.

Paul Spoonley
Born1951 (age 70–71)
Upper Hutt, New Zealand
CitizenshipNew Zealand
Education
  • Bachelor of Arts – Victoria University (1973)
  • Postgraduate Diploma in Geography – University of Otago (1974)
  • Master of Arts – University of Otago (1976)
  • Master of Science – University of Bristol (1978)
  • Diploma in Education – University of Auckland (1979)
  • Doctor of Philosophy – Massey University (1986)
Spouse(s)Jennifer Crowley
ChildrenJacob (b. 1987), Nathan (b.1990)
Scientific career
FieldsSociology
InstitutionsMassey University

Career

From 1974 to 1978, Spoonley was Teaching Fellow, Department of Sociology, University of Auckland and part-time Lecturer, School of Architecture and Department of Town Planning, University of Auckland.[1] He began lecturing at Massey University in 1979 and was the college's Research Director and Auckland Regional Director until 2013[2] when he became Pro Vice-Chancellor of the university's College of Humanities and Social Sciences.[3] He is a Fellow of the Royal Society of New Zealand,[4][5] and a member of the Max Planck Institute for the Study of Religious and Ethnic Diversity.[6] In 2010 he was a Fulbright Senior Scholar at the University of California Berkeley where he completed research on second-generation cultural identities of children of American and New Zealand Immigrants.[7][8] In 2019, he stepped down from his position as Pro Vice-Chancellor at Massey University and has reverted to a position as a research professor in the college to allow him to re-focus on writing and research.[9] Spoonley joined Jan Rath as co-chair of the Metropolis International Project in 2018.[10]

Selected research projects
  • The Institute of Labor Economics (IZA) is a nonprofit research institute that works internationally with scholars and focuses on labour economics.[11] Spoonley joined IZA as a Research Fellow in January 2013,[12] and in the same year, worked with Trudie Cain on a discussion paper that explored the importance of immigrant entrepreneurs being embedded in their own social networks but also in the socio-economic and politico-institutional environment of New Zealand as their new country.[13] Superdiversity, social cohesion, and economic benefits (2014) was a paper by Spoonley that summarised key findings of the pros and cons of superdiversity created by increased numbers of immigrants and minority ethnic groups in a culture.[14]
  • Nga Tangata Oho Mairangi (2014–2021), funded by the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment (MBIE), is a project mapping the regional impacts of demographic and economic change on Auckland and other regions from 1986 to 2013, and to provide projections out to 2038.[15] Spoonley contributed to a literature review on Immigrant Entrepreneurship and Tax Compliance (2013) to clarify the issues around compliance for immigrants in New Zealand,[16] and in 2014, co-authored Temporary Migrants as Vulnerable Workers: A literature review.[17] The review concluded that although more research is needed, there is evidence that in some industries temporary migrant workers are vulnerable in work situations that can be hazardous and in which they may be exploited by their employers.[17] Other research conducted by Spoonley while working with Nga Tangata Oho Mairangi, included Population Change and Its Implications: Auckland (2016),[18] and Population Change and Its Implications: Southland (2017).[19] The purpose of the research was to gather and interpret data to inform discussion about how the areas were managing rapidly growing and changing populations. The data for each of these reports were collected by household interviews, employer surveys and school focus groups.
  • Capturing the Diversity Dividend of Aotearoa New Zealand (2014–2021) was an MBIE-funded research programme, aimed at identifying how New Zealand can better prepare for changes resulting from demographic challenges including migration, ethnic diversity, population ageing, changing fertility patterns and urban growth.[20][21] In this project Spoonley worked with Robin Peace and produced the article "Social Cohesion and Cohesive Ties: Responses to Diversity".[22]
  • Spoonley participated in the Integration of Immigrants Programme (2007 – 2012), a five-year research initiative funded by the Foundation for Research, Science and Technology (FRST) to gain a better understanding of the economic integration of immigrants into New Zealand.[23] A document, to which Spoonley contributed, explained that the programme had the "key aim of contributing to progressive improvements in the utilisation of immigrant human capital, to the advantage of migrants specifically and New Zealand society more generally."[24]
  • B'nai B'rith is an international not-for-profit Jewish community services organisation that supports human rights and anti-discrimination and has a branch in New Zealand.[25] Spoonley, on behalf of B'nai B'rith, was one of a team, including Jim Salinger that completed four surveys of the New Zealand Jewish community, the last one published in 2020.[26]

Public policy positions

Immigration

On immigration in New Zealand, Spoonley has advocated for a population policy to manage immigration and find the balance between the numbers and meeting labour and skill demands and argued that the country should have set a target of net migration each year to be around one per cent of the population. Issues included a dropping fertility rate and an ageing population in New Zealand; where immigrants might live; deficits in infrastructure and how temporary work visas were managed in terms of a possible transition to permanent residency. There was also the need to address issues around how immigrants were viewed by the local population and including building awareness of the value of diversity and social inclusion and deal with extremism that created anxiety through such things as hate speech and xenophobia.[27][28] He noted that there hadn't been a discussion about this since the mid 1970s,[29] and argued that COVID-19 had highlighted how complex the situation was and the importance of having a "comprehensive and informed discussion about population change and options."[30][31]

Extremism

Right-wing populism, racism and the alt-right became an area of interest to Spoonley while studying at the University of Bristol in 1976. As a result of several incidents involving racist violence that happened close to where he was staying, Spoonley was inspired to become an "academic specialist in Right-wing hate."[32] In 1980 he published an article that showed how the ideology of the National Front, a right-wing group in England was reflected in the keywords of the headlines of their publications. Sixty-six per cent of the items had racial cue words that were linked to "conflict disagreement words" such as "threat" and "invade."[33]

Throughout the 1980s Spoonley looked at more than 70 groups in New Zealand that held extreme right-wing views with ideologies based on anti-Semitism and the supremacy of the "British race". By the 1990s the internet and social media were playing a role in spreading these ideas and Islamophobia was now supplementing anti-Semitism. In 2018 he conducted a project on hate speech examining what some New Zealanders were saying online and concluded [that] "it did not take long to discover the presence of hateful and anti-Muslim comments."[34] Spoonley later shared with RNZ that the far right in New Zealand was now more technologically sophisticated, connected to international networks and actively trying to get involved in mainstream politics.[35]

In 2018 Spoonley wrote an article about the history of the alt-right and some of the ideas behind it. He noted that the term applies to a loose coalition of "ultra-nationalists, white supremacists, neo-Nazis and anti-Semites" and first appeared in the United States in 2008, attributed to Richard B. Spencer a neo-Nazi who believed in eugenics and ethnic cleansing to make the United States a white ethno-state. The movement got more exposure in 2016 when Steve Bannon established Breitbart, a right-wing news network.[36] In the light of the Christchurch mosque shootings (2018), Spoonley was critical of New Zealand's complacency about the potential threat from far-right groups, including neo-Nazi and extreme nationalists,[37] and a year on from the Christchurch mosque shootings estimated that there could be 150 – 300 right-wing activists in New Zealand and that the Christchurch attacks were not a "one-off or an aberration – rather than something we still need to guard against."[38]

On the day following the Christchurch mosque shootings (16 March 2019), Spoonley summarised some of his research on the extreme right-wing in New Zealand. He noted that while public surveys such as those conducted annually by The Asia New Zealand Foundation[39] did show a majority of New Zealanders support diversity and see immigration from Asia as being beneficial to the country, "extremist politics, including the extreme nationalist and white supremacist politics that appear to be at the core of this attack on Muslims, have been part of the New Zealand community for a long time."[34] T

Spoonley retired from his position as Pro Vice-Chancellor at Massey University in 2019 to work on a book in which he expressed concerns with the "far right, and particularly ultra-nationalists and white supremacists being reinvented as the Alt-Right...[and becoming]... much more successful in influencing mainstream debate and political actors."[40] Sharing an opinion piece in 2020, Spoonley argued that far-right extremism "remains a high-level threat in New Zealand."[41] In 2020, Spoonley published an article in which he recalled how in 2010, during his time at the University of Berkeley, he became aware of a political movement called the Tea Party that had "established a legacy of radical populism and, among its more extreme members, a new form of white identity politics."[42]: p.10  He was concerned at the degree that radical right-wing groups were using the internet to influence people and this came more into focus after the Christchurch mosque shootings in 2019.

On 10 March 2020, a New Zealand news service Stuff discussed a document allegedly prepared by a neo-nazi group Action Zealandia that told its members to refuse any interviews and detailed the powers of the New Zealand Security Intelligence Service (SIS), the Government Communications Security Bureau (GSSB) and a special investigation group established by the New Zealand Police, which according to the manual was trained to "coerce" information from people. Spoonley commented that this was more comprehensive than anything he had previously researched and made the point it indicated that there is a "degree of sophistication, especially in relation to online far-right activities, which is new and concerning."[43]

Commentary on COVID-19

Affect on diversity

In 2020 Spoonley was involved in a survey that identified the three most important diversity issues in Kiwi organisations as being wellbeing, gender equity and bias and he noted that the disruptions of COVID-19 had caused further challenges that needed to be solved collectively to emerge into the "new normality".[44] The survey paper concluded:

"This report is being released as New Zealand is in lockdown as part of the country’s response to the threat posed by Covid-19. This will disrupt and change work in ways that are still not fully understood – and which might not be fully realised for some time. One assumption is that the changing nature of work will be accelerated by what has been required during the lockdown. Working remotely using new technologies is one example. What will happen to the recognition and responses to diversity that are reported here? Will issues of diversity become less or more important? The responses to the 2021 survey will measure just how disruptive Covid-19 will be on New Zealand organisations and firms. As always, it will be important to gather data on what is happening in the diversity space and to report on the trends over time."[45]

Impact on immigration

Early in the COVID-19 pandemic in New Zealand, Spoonley said that the response of the New Zealand Government to immigration was still unclear and depended on what other countries did, noting measures taken in the USA and Hungary as an excuse to curtail migration and take a punitive approach. He expressed a concern that while New Zealand was a very diverse country, immigrants could be adversely affected and it would depend on the resilience, networking, collaborative capabilities and resourcing of the ethnic communities to manage the situation. Spoonley highlighted the important role of media in sharing information in an informed and truthful way that acknowledged and reflected the diverse voices in an "altered media landscape...[and]...provide bridges within and between communities."[46]

In May 2021, the New Zealand Government announced an immigration reset that reduced the immigrant numbers. Stuart Nash the Economic Development Minister said it was a response to the threat of COVID-19 and an opportunity get a balance for foreign labour while encouraging incentives to upskill local workers. There were mixed responses to the measure including that it was "scapegoating migrants for problems with housing, infrastructure and working conditions", that it lacked detail and would not address the worker shortage. Spoonley however, said that the high numbers of temporary and permanent workers entering New Zealand over recent years had probably not been sustainable, put pressure on infrastructure and by being over-reliant on cheap foreign labour, had diverted a focus on developing new technology to increase productivity - a situation that Spoonley said was [possibly} "preventing New Zealand preparing for an entirely different and fast-approaching future."[47] The New Zealand Productivity Commission conducted an inquiry before the reset was announced and their findings were released in November 2021. Spoonley said that the report showed a tightening up of policy settings around temporary workers and the opportunity for them to transition to residency and "suggest[ed] that some industries might...[have needed]...to justify why they’re on the skills shortage list...[in effect]...tying migration more to demand in the local labour market."[48]

As a result of the "demographic disruption" that happened with regard to immigration in New Zealand because of restrictions put in place to manage the COVID-19 pandemic,[49] Spoonley questioned whether the country could maintain the positive social bonds built during the pandemic into a future that will have further issues to manage in unemployment and housing.[50] He also expressed it was important to acknowledge the number of New Zealanders returning to their home country during the COVID-19 pandemic.[51]

Spoonley had concerns that political rhetoric could damage the reputation of New Zealand as a country that was welcoming and tolerant. He said he was "very disappointed with the level of the debate generally...[but it was necessary]... to have a discussion about immigration because it's now very important to this country, in terms of both its social and economic impacts."[52][53] Spoonley said that immigrants have contributed considerably to New Zealand society[54] and that in spite of some challenges, immigrant communities were now getting large enough to sustain businesses.[55] Spoonley has said that Maori as tangata whenua of New Zealand could be more involved in policymaking in immigration and take an obvious role in welcoming immigrants to New Zealand, giving the example of how a Maori tribe Ngati Whatua ki Kaipara had engaged with Chinese immigrants, teaching them te reo Maori, waiata and haka.[56]

Selected publications
  • Sustaining Aotearoa New Zealand as a Cohesive Society (2021).[57] Co-authored by Spoonley this publication critically examines the presumption that in New Zealand as a liberal democracy, decisions are made by accountable leaders whose choices are based on facts and evidence. Social cohesion in a democratic society is defined as high levels of trust and respect between people and institutions in all areas of life, in particular when involving execution of power and recognition of diversity and inclusion. The paper acknowledges the challenges to social cohesion in the 21st century and concludes that New Zealand, like other countries, needs to continuously improve, adapt, and self-correct through cooperation, transparency and an openness to different views. In reference to the paper, on One News, Spoonley noted the potential for COVID-19 to "impact health and economic and social security...[potentially]...amplifying existing inequalities...[and]...frustration over the consequences of Government-imposed controls, the role of disinformation, and the increasingly siloed way people were accessing information."[58] Spoonley, in another news item on Newshub about the paper, also made a connection between social cohesion in New Zealand and the obligations under the Treaty of Waitangi.[59]
  • The New New Zealand – The Demographic Disruption We're Not Talking About (2020).[60] Authored by Spoonley, this book examines data on the demographic transition of New Zealand and how the speed of this has made the formulation of social policy difficult.[61] When discussing this book in an interview on RNZ, Spoonley said that New Zealand needs to do some rapid forward planning to deal with the fast-changing demographics.[62] In an interview with Massey University Press, Spoonley said he hoped people took away from the book that we need to "factor in demographic change into our policy and political discussions — and we need new policies to cater for the circumstances we face in the 21st century."[63]
  • Racism and Stereotypes (2019).[64] In this chapter within the Palgrave Handbook of Ethnicity, Spoonley examined how stereotyping, which attributes specific characteristics to a whole group within a society usually in a derogatory or hostile way, can be used "to justify, discrimination and various forms of exclusion" and are often a test of public sentiment and analyses of racism. The article concludes that "stereotypes contribute to the social control of others and to denigration and/or exclusion...[and]...there are real world consequences to the use of stereotypes as part of the presence of racism."[64]
  • Exploring Society: Sociology for New Zealand Students, 4th Edition (2019).[65] Chapter 1 of this text book, co-edited by Spoonley, defines sociology and how it can be used, introduces the key themes in the publication and highlights the role of theorising and researching as key skills of social inquiry.[66]
  • The politics and construction of identity and childhood: Chinese immigrant families in New Zealand (2017).[67] Co-authored by Spoonley in Global Studies of Childhood, this paper critically examines the identify choices that Chinese immigrants to New Zealand make for themselves and their families to acquire a positive identify. The paper shows how this process is related to the degree that these immigrants feel included in the country and argues that "social and educational practices that are underpinned by a singular and collective identity are inadequate for the task of reflecting the diverse identities of immigrants...[and]...intentional intervention, such as active and open dialogue between parents and teachers, is required to understand the heterogeneous expectations of each other, and developing respectful relationships, inclusive practices and cohessiveness." [67]
  • Renegotiating citizenship: Indigeneity and superdiversity in contemporary Aotearoa/New Zealand. (2017).[68] The focus in this paper is on unpacking the debate on identity, nationalism and citizenship that has happened since the 1970's in New Zealand, and draws together a recognition of the indigeneity of Māori as tangata whenua and the changes in ethnic diversity following a focus on new immigration policies in the 1980's.
  • Rebooting the Regions: Why low or zero growth needn't mean the end of prosperity (2016)[69] Spoonley edited this book and in a discussion on Radio New Zealand said that addressing the issue of young adults leaving the regions because of the growing labour markets in the cities, might need a "managed decline" that created people-policies focussed on developing strategies and creative options to attract them back. He said it was possible to manage the demographic changes in the regions creatively.[70]
  • New Zealanders’ attitudes to Asia and Asian peoples: An exceptional case?(2015).[71] This article, co-authored by Spoonley, discussed the changing demographic of New Zealand in terms of increasing numbers of immigrants from Asia, and the shape of public opinion in the country in response to this. The paper concluded that New Zealand's attitudes towards immigrants from Asia had less levels of anxiety than other Western societies and there was a positive view of tourism and access to Asian markets.[71]
  • New diversity, old anxieties in New Zealand: the complex identity politics and engagement of a settler society (2014).[72] In this article authored by Spoonley,superdiversity in New Zealand is explored as a model of colonization of Māori as the indigenous people of the land happening alongside projects centering on mass immigration, including a specific recruitment project at the time that appeared to value immigrants for the skills they brought to economic development. The article identifies the concessions made to recognise diversity and group rights in this process since the 1970's and explores the politics of this societal superdiversity in the country.[72]
  • Mata Toa The Life and Times of Ranginui Walker (2009).[73] This is a biography of an academic, author, commentator and radical leader who has influenced the views held by Pakeha New Zealanders of Māori people. As an activist Walker, organised the Young Maori Leaders conference in 1970 which led to the formation of Nga Tamatoa.[74] Writing in The Journal of the Polynesian Society, Rawiri Taonui[75] from the Auckland University of Technology, questioned why a Pākehā should write this biography. He concluded that Walker and Spoonley "shared an academic kinship.... Walker's has been the most influential Māori pen on Māori-Pākehā relations and Spoonley, who has written and edited 26 books, the most influential Pākehā writer on general New Zealand race relations."[76] After publication of the book, Spoonley noted that "for many, Ranginui Walker personified the radical face of Māori activism, while for others he was an authoritative source of information on a colonial history, Māori ambitions and current events.[77]
  • Ethnic and religious intolerance (2011, reviewed and revised 2018).[78]
  • Reporting Superdiversity. The Mass Media and Immigration in New Zealand (2009).[79] This article examines the role of the media in reporting on the diversity in New Zealand that was happening as a result of immigration.
  • Social Policy Critical Issues in New Zealand Society (1992).[80] This book co-edited by Spoonley, examines the welfare state in New Zealand in terms of the effectiveness of the help it offers.
  • The Politics of Nostalgia: Racism and the extreme right in New Zealand (1987).[81]

Awards

Spoonley was a recipient of the New Zealand Commemoration Medal, Government of New Zealand in 1990.[82]

A fellow of the Royal Society of New Zealand, in 2009 Spoonley was awarded the Royal Society of New Zealand Science and Technology medal in recognition of his academic scholarship, leadership and public contribution to cultural understanding.[2]

In 2011, his contribution to Sociology was acknowledged with the Sociological Association of Aotearoa New Zealand's scholarship for exceptional service to New Zealand sociology.[83][84]

References
  1. "School of Architecture and Planning: History of the School". The University of Auckland. Archived from the original on 28 January 2022. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
  2. "Distinguished Professor Paul Spoonley". Massey University Te Kunenga Ki Purehuroa. Archived from the original on 17 February 2013. Retrieved 24 October 2020.
  3. "Distinguished Professor Paul Spoonley". Royal Society Te Apārangi. Archived from the original on 31 July 2021. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
  4. "List of Fellows of the Royal Society of New Zealand". Royal Society of New Zealand. Archived from the original on 23 April 2017. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
  5. "Sociologist honoured by Royal Society". Massey University Te Kunenga Ki Purehuroa. Archived from the original on 3 November 2020. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
  6. "Senior Research Partners". MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE for the Study of Religious and Ethnic Diversity. Archived from the original on 27 November 2021. Retrieved 26 October 2020.
  7. "Paul Spoonley". www.asiamediacentre.org.nz. Archived from the original on 5 February 2022. Retrieved 20 May 2020.
  8. "2010 Fulbright New Zealand: Grantees Booklet" (PDF). Fulbright New Zealand. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 March 2012. Retrieved 24 October 2020.
  9. "Spoonley returning to frontline social research". Massey University. 6 July 2019. Archived from the original on 1 February 2020. Retrieved 30 May 2020.
  10. "Leadership & Governance". Metropolis International. 2021. Archived from the original on 7 March 2022. Retrieved 8 March 2022.
  11. "About IZA". IZA Institute of Labor Economics. Archived from the original on 31 January 2022. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
  12. "Paul Spoonley". IZA Institute of Labor Economics. Archived from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
  13. Cain, Trudie; Spoonley, Paul. "Making it Work: The Mixed Embeddedness of Immigrant Entrepreneurs in New Zealand" (PDF). IZA. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 August 2017. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
  14. Spoonley, Paul. "Superdiversity, social cohesion, and economic benefits Superdiversity can result in real economic benefits—but it also raises concerns about social cohesion" (PDF). IZA World of Labor. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 November 2020. Retrieved 29 October 2020.
  15. "Nga Tangata Oho Mairangi (NTOM)". Massey University Te Kunenga Ki Purehuroa. Archived from the original on 27 January 2022. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
  16. Yuan, Sylvia; Cain, Trudie; Spoonley, Paul. "Immigrant Entrepreneurship and Tax Compliance" (PDF). Massey University Te Kupenga Ki Purehuroa. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 January 2018. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
  17. Yuan, Sylvia; Cain, Trudy; Spoonley, Paul. "Temporary Migrants as Vulnerable Workers: A literature review" (PDF). Ministry of Business, Innovation & Employment. Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 January 2018. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
  18. Cain, Trudie; Peace, Robin; Spoonley, Paul; et al. (2016). Population Change and Its Implications: Auckland. Nga Tangata Oho Mairangi Research Project College of Humanities and Social Sciences Massey University Private Bag 102 904 North Shore City New Zealand. ISBN 978-0-9876588-2-1.
  19. Cain, Trudy; Peace, Robin; et al. (2017). Population Change and Its Implications: Southland. Nga Tangata Oho Mairangi Research Project College of Humanities and Social Sciences Massey University Private Bag 102 904 North Shore City New Zealand. ISBN 978-0-9876588-6-9.
  20. "About Us". CaDDANZ Capturing the Diversity Dividend of Aotearoa/New Zealand. Archived from the original on 26 January 2022. Retrieved 24 October 2020.
  21. "Staff". CaDDANZ Capturing the Diversity Dividend of Aotearoa/New Zealand. 30 July 2018. Archived from the original on 26 January 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2022.
  22. Peace, Robin; Spoonley, Paul (2019). "Social Cohesion and Cohesive Ties: Responses to Diversity" (PDF). New Zealand Population Review. 45: 98–124. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 January 2020.
  23. "Integration of Immigrants Programme 2007–2012". Massey University. Archived from the original on 16 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
  24. Meares, Carina; Poot, Jacques; Spoonley, Paul; Bedford, Richard; Bell, Avril; Ho, Elsie (2009). "The Economic Integration of Immigrants Programme 2007–2012". New Zealand Sociology. 24 (1). Archived from the original on 1 March 2022. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
  25. "What is B'nai B'rith?". BBANZ. Archived from the original on 20 February 2022. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
  26. Salinger, Jim; Spoonley, Paul; Munz, Tanya (2020). Shifting Jewry 2019 (Gen19) A Survey of the New Zealand Jewish Community. B'nai B'rith Auckland. ISBN 978-0-6486654-8-9.
  27. Shepherd, Simon (7 March 2020). "On Newshub Nation: Simon Shepherd Interviews Professor Paul Spoonley". Scoop Politics. Archived from the original on 7 March 2020. Retrieved 5 November 2020.
  28. Tibshraeny, Jenee (9 September 2016). "Paul Spoonley calls for the Govt to reduce migration 'a bit' to strike a better balance between incentivizing migrants & unemployed locals to help grow regional NZ". Interest. Archived from the original on 10 September 2016. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
  29. Forbes, Stephen (25 February 2019). "Amid ongoing debate about immigration, is it time New Zealanders took the debate broader and settled on a population policy?". Interest. Archived from the original on 25 November 2019. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
  30. Spoonley, Paul (13 August 2020). "Massey University's Paul Spoonley says we need to have a comprehensive and informed discussion about population change and options sooner rather than later". Interest. Archived from the original on 27 September 2020. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
  31. Ryan, Kathryn (21 April 2020). "Covid 19: global mobility and immigration". RNZ. Archived from the original on 29 April 2020. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
  32. Matthews, Philip (27 July 2016). "National portrait: Paul Spoonley, diversity expert". stuff. Archived from the original on 12 March 2018. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
  33. Spoonley, Paul (1980). "The national front: Ideology and race". Journal of Intercultural Studies. 1 (1): 58–68. doi:10.1080/07256868.1980.9963141. Retrieved 27 October 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  34. Spoonley, Paul. "Christchurch mosque shootings must end NZ innocence over right-wing terrorism". Asia Pacific Report. Archived from the original on 17 March 2019. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
  35. Beckford, Gyles (28 April 2019). "New alt-right political groups hiding in plain sight – investigation". RNZ. Archived from the original on 19 August 2019. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
  36. "Paul Spoonley: A beginner's guide to the Alt Right". NZ Herald. Hawkes Bay Today. 7 August 2018. Archived from the original on 8 May 2021. Retrieved 3 November 2020.
  37. Ainge Roy, Eleanor; McGowan, Michael (20 March 2020). "New Zealand asks: how was the threat from the far right missed?". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 21 March 2019. Retrieved 3 November 2020.
  38. Spoonley, Paul (12 March 2020). "Far-right extremism still alive in New Zealand, a year after Christchurch mosque attacks". This Week in Asia. Archived from the original on 11 March 2020. Retrieved 3 November 2020.
  39. "New Zealanders see ties with Asia as increasingly important, survey shows". Asia New Zealand Foundation. Archived from the original on 15 August 2020. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
  40. "Paul Spoonley: Returning to the front lines". PAPAROA. Archived from the original on 28 March 2020. Retrieved 23 October 2020.
  41. Spoonley, Paul (11 March 2020). "Paul Spoonley: threat of far-right extremism has not gone away". RNZ. Archived from the original on 28 March 2020. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
  42. Spoonley, Paul (2020). "New research on the Tea Party and the rise of the Alt Right" (PDF). Bright Sparks (Wellington, N.Z) (Summer-Autumn 2020): 10. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 November 2021. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
  43. Manch, Thomas; Kerr, Florence (10 March 2020). "Leaked 'security guidelines' reveals neo-Nazi plans to avoid detection". Stuff. Archived from the original on 11 March 2020. Retrieved 19 January 2021.
  44. "Diversity Survey Reveals Top Issues in a Post COVID-19 World". Diversity Works New Zealand. 6 May 2020. Archived from the original on 12 May 2020. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
  45. Parna, Ritu (2020). "New Zealand Workplace Diversity Survey 2020" (Report commissioned by Diversity Works New Zealand). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 February 2022. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  46. Spoonley, Paul (30 April 2020). "Ethnic Media Will Have a Role to Play in the Post-COVID-19 World". The Indian Weekender. Archived from the original on 6 May 2020. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
  47. Munro, Bruce (31 May 2021). "Stepping into our future". Otago Daily Times. Archived from the original on 31 May 2021. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
  48. Nadkarni, Anuja (8 November 2021). "Pre-pandemic immigration 'unsustainable' Productivity Commission says". Newsroom. Archived from the original on 7 November 2021. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
  49. Spoonley, Paul (7 September 2020). "When the great New Zealand immigration tap suddenly went dry". THE SPINOFF. Archived from the original on 6 September 2020. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
  50. Sunday Morning: Programme (11 October 2020). "Covid-19: Paul Spoonley on the future state of New Zealand". RNZ. Archived from the original on 16 October 2020. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
  51. Frost, Natasha (7 September 2020). "New Zealand's 'brain gain' boost". BBC WORKLIFE. Archived from the original on 7 September 2020. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
  52. Spoonley, Paul (27 April 2017). "Paul Spoonley: The immigration debate is sending a dangerous message". Newshub. Archived from the original on 2 May 2017. Retrieved 5 November 2020.
  53. Tibshraeny, Jenee (19 August 2017). "Massey's Pro Vice Chancellor Professor Paul Spoonley urges immigration service providers to help tell the good news story of migration's place in NZ". Interest. Archived from the original on 19 August 2017. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
  54. Moger, Laine (5 May 2017). "Immigration good for NZ economy, no need for xenophobic politics: Paul Spoonley". Archived from the original on 24 July 2017. Retrieved 5 November 2020.
  55. "Small Business: Immigrants setting up shop in NZ". NZ Herald. 9 July 2012. Archived from the original on 1 November 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  56. Husband, Dale (31 March 2019). "Paul Spoonley: We can be better at welcoming migrants". Archived from the original on 5 April 2019. Retrieved 5 November 2020.
  57. Gluckman, Sir Peter; Bardsley, Anne; Spoonley, Paul; et al. (December 2021). "Sustaining Aotearoa New Zealand as a Cohesive Society" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 23 December 2021. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  58. Lee, Irra (13 December 2021). "NZ's social cohesion post-Covid still unclear — researchers". One News. Archived from the original on 27 January 2022. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
  59. Hendry-Tennent, Ireland (13 December 2021). "NZ not immune to division: New report warns COVID-19 pandemic and Christchurch terror attack putting country's social cohesion under pressure". Newshub. Retrieved 28 February 2022.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  60. Spoonley, Paul (2020). The New New Zealand – The Demographic Disruption Were Not Talking About. Massey University Press. ISBN 9780995122987. Archived from the original on 2 March 2022.
  61. Nicholls, Jenny (7 September 2020). "Ok, Goddamned Boomers". Newsroom. Archived from the original on 16 November 2021. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
  62. Nine to Noon: Programme (26 August 2020). "Paul Spoonley – The New New Zealand". RNZ. Archived from the original on 27 August 2020. Retrieved 4 November 2020.
  63. "10 Questions with Paul Spoonley". Massey University Press. 7 August 2020. Archived from the original on 5 December 2020. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
  64. Spoonley, Paul (23 February 2019). "Racism and Stereotypes". The Palgrave Handbook of Ethnicity: 1–17. doi:10.1007/978-981-13-0242-8_36-1. ISBN 978-981-13-0242-8. Archived from the original on 23 January 2022. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
  65. McManus, Ruth; Matthewman, Steve; Brickell, Chris; McLennan, Gregor; Spoonley, Paul (February 2019). Exploring Society: Sociology for New Zealand Students: 4th Edition (4 ed.). Auckland University Press. ISBN 9781869409364. Archived from the original on 1 February 2022.
  66. McManus, Ruth; Matthewman, Steve; Brickell, Chris; McLennan, Gregor; Spoonley, Paul (February 2019). Exploring Society: Chapter 1 The sociological imagination: insights, themes and skills (PDF) (4 ed.). Auckland University Press. ISBN 9781869409364. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 February 2020.
  67. Chan, Angela; Spoonley, Paul (2017). "The politics and construction of identity and childhood: Chinese immigrant families in New Zealand". Global Studies of Childhood. 7 (1): 17–28. doi:10.1177/2043610617694730. Archived from the original on 2 March 2022.
  68. Spoonley, Paul (2017). Renegotiating Citizenship: Indigeneity and Superdiversity in Contemporary Aotearoa/New Zealand. Chapter in book: Citizenship in Transnational Perspective Mann. J. (Ed): Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. ISBN 978-3-319-53528-9. Archived from the original on 27 October 2020.
  69. Spoonley, Paul.K (2016). Rebooting the Regions Why low or zero growth needn't mean the end of prosperity. Massey University Press. ISBN 978-0994130037. Archived from the original on 28 January 2022.
  70. "Paul Spoonley - Rebooting the Regions" (Sunday Morning). RNZ. 2 October 2016. Archived from the original on 1 March 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2022.
  71. Butcher, Andrew; Spoonley, Paul; Gendall, Phil (2015). "New Zealanders' attitudes to Asia and Asian peoples: An exceptional case?". Political Science. 67 (1): 38–45. doi:10.1177/0032318715585032. Archived from the original on 2 March 2022.
  72. Spoonley, Paul (November 2014). "New diversity, old anxieties in New Zealand: the complex identity politics and engagement of a settler society". Ethnic and Racial Studies. 38 (4): 650–661. doi:10.1080/01419870.2015.980292. Archived from the original on 3 March 2022. Retrieved 31 October 2020.
  73. Spoonley, Paul (2009). Mata toa : the life and times of Ranginui Walker. Auckland, N.Z. : Penguin. ISBN 9780143019893.
  74. Walker, RJ (February 1983). "The History of Maori Activism" (PDF). Paper Submitted to the 15th Pacific Sciences Congress, Dunedin. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 November 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  75. "Rawiri Taonui". The Conversation. Archived from the original on 28 August 2021. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
  76. Taonui, Rawiri (2011). "[Review] Spoonley, Paul: Mata Toa: The Life and Times of Ranginui Walker". The Journal of the Polynesian Society. 120 (4): 410–411. Archived from the original on 1 February 2019. Retrieved 28 February 2022.
  77. "Massey sociologist pens life of Ranginui Walker". Massey University Te Kunenga Ki Purehuroa. 21 October 2009. Archived from the original on 13 February 2018. Retrieved 3 March 2022.
  78. Spoonley, Paul (5 May 2011). "Ethnic and religious intolerance". Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Archived from the original on 1 March 2022. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
  79. Spoonley, Paul; Butcher, Andrew (9 October 2009). "Reporting Superdiversity. The Mass Media and Immigration in New Zealand". Journal of Intercultural Studies. 30 (4): 355–372. doi:10.1080/07256860903213638. Archived from the original on 1 March 2022.
  80. Shannon, Pat; Spoonley, Paul (1992). Social Policy Critical Issues in New Zealand Society. OUP Australia and New Zealand. ISBN 0195582357.
  81. Spoonley, Paul (1987). The Politics of Nostalgia:racism and the extreme right in New Zealand. Palmerston North, N.Z. : The Dunmore Press Limited. ISBN 0 86469 063 0. Archived from the original on 2 March 2022.
  82. Taylor, Alister; Coddington, Deborah, eds. (1994). Honoured by the Queen New Zealand: Recipients of Honours 1953-1993. New Zealand Who's Who Aotearoa Limited. p. 346. ISBN 0 908578 34 2. Archived from the original on 2 March 2022.
  83. "SAANZ AWARDS". SAANZ Sociological Association of Aotearoa New Zealand. Archived from the original on 8 July 2018. Retrieved 24 October 2020.
  84. "Sociologist honoured for race relations research". Massey University Te Kunenga Ki Purehuroa. Archived from the original on 14 February 2018. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.