Spanish missions in Arizona

Beginning in the 16th century Spain established missions throughout New Spain (consisting of Mexico and portions of what today are the Southwestern United States) in order to facilitate colonization of these lands.


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In the Spring of 1687, a Jesuit missionary named Father Eusebio Francisco Kino lived and worked with the Native Americans in the area called the Pimería Alta, or "Upper Pima Country," which presently is located in the areas between the Mexican state of Sonora and the state of Arizona in the United States. During Father Eusebio Kino's stay in the Pimería Alta, he founded over twenty missions in eight mission districts. In Arizona, unlike Mexico, missionization proceeded slowly.

Father Kino founded missions San Xavier and San Gabriel at the Piman communities of Bac and Guevavi along the Santa Cruz River.

Missions
List of missions in Arizona, from year of first established
Name Image Location Date founded Order Notes
Mission San Francisco de Oraibi Oraibi 1629 Franciscans Destroyed during the 1680 Pueblo Revolt. In ruins.
Mission San Bernardo de Aguatubi near Jeddito 1629 Franciscans Destroyed during the 1680 Pueblo Revolt. Rebuilt in the 1690s before it and the surrounding village was destroyed in 1700. In ruins.
Mission San Bartolomé de Shungópove Second Mesa 1629 Franciscans Destroyed during the 1680 Pueblo Revolt. In ruins.
Mission San Cayetano del Tumacácori Tumacacori 1691 Jesuits The mission abandoned during the 1751 O'odham Uprising and rebuilt as Mission San José de Tumacácori to the west of the Santa Cruz River. Non-extant.
Mission Los Santos Ángeles de Guevavi near Beyerville 1691 Jesuits Abandoned in 1775. The church ruins date to 1751.
Mission San Xavier del Bac near Tucson 1692 Jesuits 1692–1770, 1783–1837, 1859–present. The extant mission church was completed in 1797.[1]
Mission San Cayetano de Calabazas Rio Rico 1756 Jesuits Abandoned in 1786.
Mission San José de Tumacácori Tumacacori 1757 Jesuits Located west of the site of Mission San Cayetano del Tumacácori. Abandoned in 1828.
Mission San Cosme y Damián de Tucsón Tucson 1768 Franciscans Abandoned in 1828. Non-extant.
Mission Puerto de Purísima Concepción Winterhaven October 1780 Franciscans Located in California but administered as part of the Pimería Alta missions. Destroyed during a Quechan raid from July 17–19, 1781. Non-extant. A reconstruction of the mission was completed in 1923, which currently serves as a parish church.
Mission San Pedro y San Pablo de Bicuñer near Bard January 7, 1781 Franciscans Located in California but administered as part of the Pimería Alta missions. Destroyed during a Quechan raid from July 17–19, 1781. Non-extant.

See also

On Spanish Missions in neighboring regions:

On general missionary history:

On colonial Spanish American history:

References
  1. San Xavier Mission Organization site
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